Reflection

Leatning Task 1.2

Curriculum is content, but when CONTEXTUALIZED, it comes alive for students. The role of teachers in the curriculum process is to help students develop an engaged relationship with the content. Active learning will increase the focus and retention of the curriculum, resulting in an exciting learning environment. Teachers build lessons that include simulations, experiments, case studies and activities to deliver curriculum. This interactive approach intertwines curriculum and practical experiences that immerse students in learning. The curriculum process provides opportunity for teachers to be creative and put their unique stamp on the classroom experience.

A good understanding of curriculum planning is essential for good teaching.
Sometimes, life in the classroom seems so dynamic and hectic that it might feel as though all plans can go astray. As a teacher, it's easy to get caught up in the day-to-day and forget about the big picture, and curriculum is the big picture. In other words, curriculum is the sum total of skills and concepts that students learn, explicitly as well as implicitly. Losing track of the big picture of a curriculum plan is totally understandable, but at the same time, having an overarching plan is an important way to make sure you don't lose track of what matters most in a particular unit of study. Sensible curriculum planning will bring focus to your teaching, and it will also make it easier to figure out what activities, projects, and lessons you do each day.
The administrator also have a role like the teacher. The Curriculum administrators develop and improve the curricula of education institutions. They analyse the quality of existing curricula and work towards improvement. They communicate with education professionals to ensure an accurate analysis. They report on curriculum developments and perform administrative duties.

The purpose of schools is to support generation after generation of democratic culture in order to foster whole people, healthy society and a peaceful world. Meaningful Student Involvement is a step in that direction.
Curriculum for understanding provides ample opportunity for students to apply their knowledge in a variety of contexts and conditions. This helps them transfer their learning to new situations and better prepares them for future learning

Activity

Learning Task 1.3

Naisa Jen C. Sales BSEd - Math 3 Block 008
Lesson 1.3 Activity/ Learning Task
Direction: Answer the following questions on your e-portfolio.

1. Name other subjects or disciplines as examples of subject design.
* Math, Science, History, and Literature

2. Name other subjects or disciplines as examples of the different types of integrated curriculum design.
* Art, Mathematics and Reading

3. Give some advantages and possible pitfalls of subject design and integrated design.
* Advantages of Subject Design*
- It is easy to deliver
- Support instructional materials
* Pitfalls *
- They can be completely and often require a large number of participants to generator any useful and analyzable data.

* Advantage of Integrated Design *
- Provides a deeper understanding of content.
- Encourages active particular in relevant real life experience.
* Pitfalls *
- Lack boundaries around subject areas, which may impact on organizing who teachers, what and where.

4. Name some schools nearby you that use a learner-centered curriculum.
* Palo National High School

5. How do students learn in a learner-centered curriculum?
* Teachers encourage student learning by allowing students to share in decisions, believing in their capacity to lead and remembering how it feels to learn.

6. What are some benefits of having a learner-centered curriculum?
* Learner- centered curriculum enhance academic achievement and promote the development of important learning skills, such as critical thinking, problems solving and the ability to cooperatively work with others.

7. Having a learner-centered curriculum in mind, answer the following questions below:

What possible skills, knowledge, and values are emphasized in the curriculum?
* The possible skills, knowledge and value emphasised in the curriculum is critical thinking and problem solving.

What possible learning experiences can be provided?
* Empowers all students to learn as much as they can during a course experience. Students will be working at different rates and engagement in different learning experiences.
What about the learning environment?
* The learning environment builds on the conceptual and cultural knowledge of each student. The students do much of the talking and construct their own meaning based on prior knowledge.
What are the requirements of the curriculum for the teachers?
* The teachers must act as facilitators and guides, create real- world and authentic learning experiences, truly encourage students drive their own learning and commit to professional and personal growth.

8. Name a school nearby that uses problem-centered design.
* There is no school nearby that uses problem- centered design.

9. Name some benefits and issues related to its implementation.
* Find it more enjoyable and satisfying
* It encourage create understanding
* experience rate their abilities higher
* Develops lifelong learning skills

10. Identify some current issues and problems that can be used as a theme for a problem-based curriculum.
* Potentially Poorer Performance on Test *
- Can cause issues when students take standardised test, as they may not have the breadth of knowledge needed to achieve high scores.

Learning Task 2.1

Naisa Jen C. Sales
BSEd - Math 3 Block 008

Learning Task 2.1

Direction: Answer the following questions on your E-portfolio. Each item is worth 10 points each.

1. Choose a linear curriculum development model and identify the possible strengths and weaknesses of each model when applied to the Philippine context.

* Tyler's Rational Linear Model *

STRENGTHS
• Provide curriculum developer with a clear direction for the development process.
• Provide a logical sequence of curriculum element.

WEAKNESS
• Has flaws in terms of the reality of curriculum development which is rarely of curriculum development which is rarely a fixed or linear process.
• It overlooks the unpredictable nature of teaching and learning.

2. Choose a cyclical curriculum development model and identify the possible strengths and weaknesses of each model when applied to the Philippine context.

* Nicholls and Nicholls Model of Curriculum Development *

STRENGTHS
• Continuous process
• Not be statistic
• Provided teachers a wide of objectives which are very well expressed.

WEAKNESS
• Curriculum workers are used to developing curricula following a linear model like the top- down approach.
• Teachers in higher education may find this model time- consuming.

3. Which among these dynamic curriculum development models can be applied in the Philippine context?

* Walkers Model of Curriculum Development *

SRENGTHS
• Recognizes the role and influence of curriculum workers.
• Input curriculum developers, target group and other stakeholders in the development of the curriculum.

WEAKNESS
• Can be confusing to other curriculum workers who are not aware of the necessary process of curriculum development.
• Too much discussion.

Learning Task 2.2

Learning Task 2.2

Teacher Roles as a Curriculum Worker:

• Teachers build lessons that include simulations, experiments, case studies.

• Help students develop an engaged relationship with the content.

• Teachers provide supplemental materials during the curriculum process.

• Teachers plan and coordinate student choice options.

• Teachers give ideas and strategies for assessing student progress.

• Prepares and implements the day to day activities in school.

Article

The Instrument Developed to Evaluate Local Curriculum in Indonesia —

1. In what way is Indonesia's educational system and Philippines similar?
* Indonesia and Philippines educational system has a unique features that are not owned by other countries because each region has its own distinct cultural uniqueness.

2. Summarize the methodology used in evaluating a curriculum.
* The methodology used in evaluating a curriculum is questionnaire, to evaluate local curriculum implementation
developed by the local government. The model consisting of 10 simplified steps into four steps: (1) initial
investigation, (2) design stage, (3) expert validation and; (4) trials, evaluations, and
revisions. Initial investigations used qualitative research with a phenomenological
approach. Data were collected using focus group discussion (FGD) techniques with 14
Participants consisting of 6 vice principals and 8 local curriculum teachers. Validation Phase
conducted by 2 evaluation experts or 1 measurement expert and 8 practitioners.

3. What tools where used to derive results?
* The instrument used in this study is a questionnaire. The
instruments have been developed effectively to evaluate local curriculum developed by
local governments.

4. What did the evaluators found out from the results of the study?
* The result of validation by the
expert shows that there are 7 items invalid items and can not be used to evaluate the
local curriculum. The results of the validity and reliability analysis on small-scale trials
show that there are 3 invalid items, consisting of 2 of the resource factors and 1 of the
output factors. The results of the analysis of large-scale trials show that all constructs
derived from the FGD and the study of literature have a value of valid and reliable
instrument that can be used to evaluate the local curriculum.

5. What conclusion can you draw from the study?
* The research was very effective and they use their instrument properly in evaluating the local curriculum. This will help to better understand individual differences and preferences and in adapting methods of instruction to the needs of individual learners.

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