GreatAdventures is here an eBook in instagramlook, with links embedded for you to explore and enjoy a lot. GreatAdventures gives good insight in how my relatives are connected with daily life of Petersburg AK USA, Canada and Trøndelag in Norway!

GreatAdventures: Please Swipe Up! Thank You for this Milkshake eBook in instagramlook made possible !!

Howdy!

The author of this eBook named by me «GreatAdventures» , that is Mr Odd Sverre Strand, Oslo Norway (MBA University of Denver, 3 years).

First and foremost, this eBook named GreatAdventures is my personal and well-meant tribute to the brand «Little Norway. Big Adventures» promoting Petersburg AK in the world ! I emphasize that as can be seen of my contents, I am quite simply using my assembled information from vast array of credible sources to reinforce and support and build upon this great world brand established in 2012! So thank you to all Petersburg AK promotion parties!

Secondly, I dedicate this eBook GreatAdventures as being end result of four years of heritage research to much inspiration and cooperation to my own great parents, Fosen Historielag, Stjørna Heimbygdslag, the Facebook «Du veit du har komme te Fevåg når » and also fondly to three named great relatives for Petersburg information. From Norway their names are:
Mr Ole Jostein Wilmann, Drøbak (Citizen Denver CO, now Norway)
Mrs Anne-Lise Grande Vollan, Oslo
Mr Jon Arnt Strand, Belleville Canada.

Brief Table of Contents :

See page 4 (Newest facts on 2020 Strategies for Norway’s Offshore Farming) for 4 WAYS TO GO , Info on Fosen Yards ASA & Facts on a decade of Norway’s Salmon Escapes

See page 23 for Seattle Fish Co. in full.

See page 3 for Cooke Seafood in full.
See page 16 for Icicle Seafoods detailed.

See page 24+ for Petersburg AK max info.

See page 18 for Alaska Fisheries strategies.
See page 14 for Norway Fisheries strategies

See page 3 for Norway Seafood Strategy.

See page 20 (Newest facts on 2020 Strategies for Norway’s Offshore Farming) for 4 WAYS TO GO , Info on Fosen Yards ASA & Facts on a decade of Norway’s Salmon Escapes

See page 21 for brief facts on the global NSC institution, the Seafood Norway institution Sjømat Norge, the Sjømatbedriftene, the Sjømathuset AS, the Lerøy Seafood Group ASA plus the Norgesgruppen ASA, the Fishermens’ Sales Organization, and Norway’s public Dep of Aquaculture - Seafood - Fisheries (Ref. the Seafood & Fisheries Minister).

See page 3 for MOWI ASA TopNotch Seafood in brief.
See page 14 for Salmar ASA with more info.
See page 3 for Norway Royal Salmon ASA.
See page 3 for Fosen Yards ASA in brief.
See page 17 for Veidar boats, Salmon time.

See page 14 for the Seafood Norway or Sjømat Norge in full.

See page 13 for all info on Herring Fisheries.
See page 13 for all info on Råkvåg & Tr.lag.
See page 2&3 for Key ancestry, family tree.

As you read further on the summary page 3 (!) you’ll see a special focus with more details overall on strategies by todays modernized 100 years jubilating Seattle Fish Co. Denver & Kansas City (Sustainable Seafood in the US MidWest), the Cooke Seafood corporation at New Brunswick (a giant with global fisheries & ocean ranching), Cooke’s newly acquired Icicle Seafoods corporation at Petersburg AK Seattle, NACC the Norwegian American Chamber of Commerce NY, the Sons of Norway Petersburg AK, the global lead producer MOWI ASA corporation (AquaStorm) and the Norway Royal Salmon ASA corporation (Arctic Offshore Farming) and Salmar ASA corporation (Innovamar with Smart Fish Farm and Ocean Ranching 1 & 2), the Fosen Yards ASA corporation (Ship-building & Arctic Offshore Farming) in Trøndelag, the ship owners of new MS Veidar, plus a summary on the Sjømathuset joint venture of Lerøy Seafood Group ASA and it’s sole customer Norgesgruppen ASA as well as a summary on Norway’s joint efforts by the combination of the great marketing institutions the Norwegian Seafood Council (NSC), the Sjømat Norge and Sjømatbedriftene. There are stories on all these within my eBook, a few more facts shall be added to some of these!

For your travel pleasure also to North America plus Norway you have in this superb eBook 3 (yes, three) key pages with clickable links leading you directly to the finest and recommended travel tips with photos and new info, so welcome to enjoy delight back and forth! In a few pages of this Great Adventures eBook you can also read a storytelling in Norwegian. Feel free y’all to swipe pages left right, scroll info up down where it’s more of it and zoom up each picture on the eBook’s other pages, this is the way this eBook functions reader friendly especially on a tablet iPad or a smartphone since it’s for you a new fashion of book reading!

So again my thanks to these three finest people above being my credible sources of historic value for their dialogue and contribution sifting recognizing their information, documentary proof, and vintage photos. I shall also continue contacting more great relatives in near future in a natural extension of this work. By the way I must also express my thank you to renowned Myheritage.com that assisted me in history insights. Thanks to all contributors and my relatives! Last but not least, my special thank you goes to Seattle Fish Co. Denver (USA MidWest incl. the region Kansas City) with it’s President and CEO Mr James Iacino and Customer Experience Manager Mr P.J. Paland plus Quality Supervisor Mr Erik Floyd, representing for our Company Tour.

Do not be surprised if Mr Ole Jostein Wilmann is very soon contacting applicable senior citizens in the city Petersburg AK for valuable information on where the three Strand brothers in 1906-1919 lived their daily lives in the city centre as well as info on which families today had much to do with them and knew them very well. The four of us relatives with our great ancestry history, together we create value also cheering thoughts of bringing our roots in Fevåg Trøndelag Norway a bit more closely connected to the outstanding city Petersburg AK USA!

Have a nice day to y’all in USA Canada and Norway!

Thanks again and my best regards,
Mr Odd Sverre Strand

Welcome contacting me:
Oddsverrestrand@icloud.com (Click link below)
Instagram @oddsstrand
Facebook Odd S Strand
Cellphone 47 91321770i

Back in time on All Western Seafood & Lifestyles 2020-1900, USA Canada and Norway

Mr Odin Strand & Mr Anton Strand, Fish farm owners of the company Brødrene Strand A/S with two factories plus Smokery in the village Fevåg at Trøndelag in Middle Norway plus before that time the two men were combined owners and professional fishermen first of wooden MK Veidar gillnetting/seining and next of the steelbuilt specialized Seiner boat MS Veidar 1 on fishing missions Norway/Africa (!). As you read further in this page you’ll see a special focus with more details overall on strategies by todays modernized 100 years jubilating Seattle Fish Co. Denver & Kansas City (Sustainable Seafood in the US MidWest), the Cooke Seafood corporation at New Brunswick (a giant with global fisheries & ocean ranching), Cooke’s newly acquired Icicle Seafoods corporation at Petersburg AK/Seattle, and the Norway Royal Salmon AS corporation (Arctic Offshore Farming) and Salmar AS corporation (Smart Fish Farm and Ocean Ranching 1 & 2) plus the Fosen Yards AS corporation (Ship-building & Arctic Offshore Farming) in Trøndelag, as well as a brief summary on Norway’s joint efforts by the combination of the great marketing institutions Sjømat Norge (the Seafood Council) and Sjømatbedriftene. In a few pages of this Great Adventures eBook you can also read a storytelling in Norwegian. Feel free y’all to swipe pages left right, scroll info up down where it’s more of it and zoom up each picture on the eBook’s other pages, this is the way this eBook functions reader friendly especially on a tablet or a smartphone since it’s for you a new fashion of book reading! Thanks again to all contributors and my relatives! Welcome reading Great Adventures y’all ! You are all welcome to contact me to comment or propose improvements on facts etc via my email address you see here, oddsverrestrand@icloud.com . Best regards, Mr Odd Sverre Strand.

On March 29th 2019 I the author of this GreatAdventures book celebrated with my two sons Sigurd and Halvor on a ski vacation in Denver Vail BeaverCreek. During planning for this great journey the idea started forming of me being able to accumulate my research on ancestry stories over 5 years in one nice offering to my relatives and closest family. You enjoy the eBook result on this key Summary page number 3 letting you enjoy an exciting and superbly updated storytelling. By scrolling up and skim-reading with pauses (!) this focusing number 3 page, this page actually gives you chronologically structured info that is meant to update you and give you enlightened Western Seafood knowledge, spanning from 2020 status and backwards in time to 1900, both strategic and detailed on operations in nature. Plus when you read the other eBook pages afterwards as my recommendation for you is, you really hold all the digital book’s contents perfectly clear! So have fun y’all ! See page 21 for Seattle Fish Co. in full. See page 3 for Cooke Seafood in full. See page 15 for Icicle Seafoods detailed. See page 22 for Petersburg AK max info. See page 17 for Alaska Fisheries strategies. See page 13 for Norway Fisheries strategies See page 3 for Norway Seafood Strategy. See page 16 for Veidar boats, Salmon time. See page 13 for Salmar AS with more info. See page 3 for Norway Royal Salmon. See page 3 for Fosen Yards AS in brief. See page 13 for Sjømat Norge in full. See page 12 for all info on Herring Fisheries. See page 12 for all info on Råkvåg & Tr.lag. See page 2&3 for Key ancestry, family tree.

Many thanks!! Halvor Leithaug Strand, from the Supermarket chain MENY owned by Norgesgruppen AS in Norway, visited on a Company Tour the historic Seafood company in Denver Colorado by name Seattle Fish Company. This was a couple of hours on March 29th 2019, hosted by the Quality Supervisor Mr Erik Floyd and Customer Experience Manager Mr P. J. Paland, where Sigurd and I also took part in this Tour. US Seafood sales in the great MidWest far from the seas was in focus !! Welcome to read more highlights of the ways Seattle Fish Company operates its business and strategizes its plans as stated in info by industry news magazines. Part of this info is in the middle of this page, and a large part with detailed background info is found on a specific eBook page for the company! On behalf of Mr Halvor Leithaug Strand I sum up CV points here. Halvor Leithaug Strand: 2017 Gold medal in NM Seafood Trader Sjømathandel, Norway’s annual competition on year’s top notch Seafood trader from retailers & wholesalers. Halvor is pt Fiskeansvarlig Meny Rykkin near Oslo Norway. Before that Halvor worked as certified Cook at the finely reviewed restaurant chain Boelgen & Moi in Oslo. 2017 featured in a Chef magazine. 2017 Grand Tour at Lofoten Norway. 2019 Company Tour at Seattle Fish Co Denver.

2020 Michelin @ Trondheim Awards , Bocuse d’Or 2020 , it is an honor to Middle Norway’s foods and Chef-talent!The now spectacularly famous Sea Truffle algae was also a core ingredient in the Norwegian contribution to Bocuse D´or 2019, where chef  Christian André Pettersen and his team took third place. «The alga has lately received culinary attention in Scandinavia for its truffle-like taste and has been given the nickname “truffle of the sea”.» The Vertebrata Ionosa or Sea Truffle is one of the hidden gems located on the shallow seabed. This seaweed has the distinct taste of truffles, and holds the key to enhance  and enchant your favourite sea food meal. It can also bring an extra touch to your fine steak dinner. It is used as seasoning and has the unique ability that it does not lose its aroma and taste, dehydrated. The fragrance is pronounced, and has a bold and distinct aroma of truffle combined with the savoury quality mark of the Norwegian west coast cuisine. Our wish is to bring one of the the wonders of the sea to your kitchen table. We honor sustainibility by handpicking the «truffles of the sea» from its host, the knotted wrack – causing no harm to the surroundings, leaving the environment in pristine condition. In her Master of Science field study on the epifytic seaweed Vertebrata lonosa, Mari Vold Bjordal deliberates about the life cycle and qualities of this marvellous specie of red algae. Also, There is interest in Scottish dulse from high-end chefs and foodies. People are adding it to everything from scallops to eggs or using it in stock. You get great flavours, and it even goes well with lamb and steak. Dulse is rich in vitamins and minerals and a good source of protein. It was part of the regular diet in coastal communities in Scotland for centuries. It can be eaten raw, boiled to create a pulp with a porridge-like consistency, dried and consumed as a snack, or used as a seasoning and thickener in broths and stews. Graham Campbell, the youngest Scottish chef to win a coveted Michelin star at the age of 25 and currently head chef at Dundee’s Castlehill Restaurant, has experimented with the ingredient. “Flavourwise it tastes like white truffle, a delicacy that costs around £2,500 a kilo – it has a really potent flavour,” he said. Source: https://www.norwegianseatruffle.com

The shipping company named Veidar is based at Ålesund Godøya in Middle Norway, and this is very special to my family since Veidar bought the ship MS Veidar 1 from the two brothers Mr Odin Strand and Mr Anton Strand upon the sudden stop of their large scale fishing outside the Africa coastline near Equator line for the Swedish company Astra. Quickly forward to nowadays, we note that the brand new MS Veidar in 2018 and modern style fully high-tech longliner netting ship based at Ålesund, it is a conventional ocean fishing vessel of 182 feet 55,5 m. This is a whopping 200 million NOK high-tech futureproofed investment in this ship with stateoftheart datascreens assistance on the bridge, fully automated fishing machinery and deepfreeze storage rooms for processed packaged products. Amongst likesided ships it fishes today on the fishing grounds outside the coastline of Norway as well as far north as the Barents Sea, near Bjørnøya island and near Spitsbergen of the Svalbard island. The Barents Sea fishing was earlier done only in summers, but now it’s done year round. Fishing on the great grounds outside Norway’s coastline from the dangerous Stad and north onwards, is carried out during the entire year by socalled ground longlining vessels with longlining netting methods on both cod halibut devilfish and saithe. These 26 vessels per 2018 on quota are high-tech ships with length over 28 m and a storage capacity of 500 m3, and they are also fishing on quata of Snurrevad type trolling, and they are regulated as its own group in Norway’s fisheries fleet. These conventional vessels still also conducts fishing on seawaters far away such as Antarctica Rockall Greenland the grounds of Faroe Islands and the grounds of Shetland islands. When doing so type of fishing outside Norway’s Economic zone the ships follow international fishing regulations and Norway’s bilateral treaties with other countries.

The brand new (public statement 2019) and enormous Blue Change of Pace 2050 Project (a giant Combo-Farming-Offshore and a fully Private-Research-Public partnership investment in future potential) is necessary for our future welfare in Norway, states scientists at the NORCE institution. The hefty price tag on this strategic and bold initiative is 500 Bn NOK. Such a Five-times doubling of the production of Seafood commerce will cost near a half Norway state budget. Norway’s public authorities also states that there’s huge potential in that the Fisheries commerce plus the Farming commerce takes high stakes in a fully Five-times doubling of the Seafood production before 2050, in a 30 years time span. MILLIARDPROSJEKT: For Norge er et Blått Taktskifte mot 2050 helt nødvendig for vår fremtidige velferd, mener forskere ved Norce, og prislappen er på 500 milliarder NOK. Femdobling av sjømatnæringens produksjon vil koste nær et halvt Norge statsbudsjett. Et enormt potensial er det at Fiskeri- og oppdrettsnæringen satser på å femdoble produksjonen før tyvefemti mener Norges myndigheter.

2020 Aquaculture Clusters of Norway, Ref Blue Change of Pace 2040 on Doubling Norway’s Seafood production. Seafood Norway has revealed the country aims to double the value of its seafood exports by 2040, by taking measures to speed up the rate at which it is growing. Seafood Norway has laid out the country's new scheme, which calls for a change of pace in how quickly the sector grows. The "blue change of pace" scheme proposes that Norway can reach an export value of NOK 750 billion ($90bn) by 2040, and create 300,000 new jobs by 2030, if challenges are addressed and the regulatory and tax regimes are "sensible". When we go back in time fifteen years when aquaculture clusters were strong also then for Middle Norway, and this fact kind of gives a good perspective and reflection, we note the news that in 2006 the total production of farmed fish in entire Norway was at 17 bn NOK. Of this total the Middle Norway county Sør-Trøndelag total production value was at just above 2 bn NOK, whilst the other county Nord-Trøndelag total production value was at nearly 1,5 bn. All together then for nowadays merged county Trøndelag, Trøndelag actually had an impressive nearly 4 bn of the country’s grand total 17 bn. We note that in Trøndelag it is in particular the large islands Hitra and Frøya that from start of have emphasized themselves as important aquaculture clusters in the nation.

2020 High-Tech Norway on its status on modernized Farming and Fisheries, Seafood overall. Norway is per 2020 first and foremost a nation of Fish farming or socalled Aquaculture, And only secondly it is a nation of Fisheries. In 2019 the Fisheries commercial sector has to put up with playing 2nd violin. From 1970’s and up to now the ocean ranching/fish farming has grown steadily greater in Norway. From 2007 the first total sales value as well as the total exports value from farmed fish has been greater than the accordingly values from Total wild caught fish in Norway (!). Aquaculture, mainly salmon, accounts for 72% of the export value in 2018. Salmon has the largest share of any species measured in terms of both export volume and export value. Norway has exported 1.1 million tonnes of salmon worth NOK 67.8 billion in 2018. This is a volume increase of 5%, and an increase in value of NOK 3.2 billion or 5% from 2017. Increased demand for Norwegian salmon in the EU market has contributed to Norwegian salmon exports to the EU exceeding 73%. In 2018, record export values were measured for salmon, cod, saithe and king crab.

Witness the magic, Norway’s Aurora Borealis (Land of the Midnight Sun) . To experience the unbelievable colours that move across the Arctic sky is on many travellers’ bucket list. Our bold claim is that Northern Norway is among the most comfortable and interesting places to see the northern lights. Between late September and late March, Northern Norway is dark from early afternoon until late morning, and the northern lights frequently soar across the sky. The northern lights belt hits Northern Norway above the Lofoten Islands (although over the past years, the aurora has been spotted increasingly more often over Trøndelag further south), and follows the coast all the way up to the North Cape and beyond. One place in this area is often as good as another ­– you can observe the same northern lights in Lofoten as in Tromsø 500 kilometres further north, just from a different angle.

2020 - 1900 Modernized processes in Longlining Seining Netting & Trolling in Norway. MS Veidar 1 operated by Odin Strand/Anton Strand in center here. Quickly forward to nowadays, we note that the brand new MS Veidar in 2018 and modern style fully high-tech longliner netting ship based at Ålesund, it is a conventional ocean fishing vessel of 182 feet 55,5 m. Hence, it’s length is DOUBLE (!) that of MS Veidar 1 that was owned and operated also outside Africa by my father Odin and my uncle Anton until 1974. This is a whopping 200 million NOK high-tech futureproofed investment in this ship with stateoftheart datascreens assistance on the bridge, fully automated fishing machinery and deepfreeze storage rooms for processed packaged products.

2020 In operation in the Atlantic Ocean outside of Trondheimsfjorden are Salmar’s Ocean Farm 2 & 1, as well as the SeaFarm shipsized construction. Also in this picture you see Fevåg by night (you also see Brekstad with soon 35 F-35 jets at Norway’s AirForce airport) , shown at bottom. The central buzz words concerning Farmed fish in particular today near 2020 are these; Sustainable Salmon products, Arctic Offshore Farming (Norway Royal Salmon AS), Smart Fish Farm, note it’s dwarfing Ocean Farm 1 & 2, (Salmar AS), Ocean Farming (Salmar AS), Exposed Seawaters Farming generally speaking, plus amongst gold standard terms also here Landbased Farms (Large-Scale-Basis) !! Remember also todays grand importance of MSC-certified Seafood and noteworthy the brand new established 2019 UK certification of Fishmongers, all coupled with the new importance of Sustainability Conscious Chefs and Consumers. With roots in this region named Middle Norway, kindly observe that Norway is number one at about 1.2 million metric tons in salmon production. Chile is number two in global salmon production with an output of close to 400,000 metric tons. Alaska, in a good year, can challenge Chile for production, but generally ranks number three overall. And it lags way behind Chile in production of the premium product – fresh and frozen filets. Scotland believes it could be in the range of 300,000 to 400,000 tons per yer by 2030. In contrast to all this enormous metric tons of farmed salmon production globally, the Alaska wild salmon fisheries at their best produce about 250,000 metric tons, and most of this tends to be low-value pink salmon. Gunnar Knapp, Professor Emeritus of Economics University of Alaska, Anchorage has written a key report titled The Future of the Seafood Industry. I present an excerpt from this report here. “We can’t predict – or maybe even imagine – the changes technological innovation may bring,” Knapp warned. “Self-driving smart fishing gear? Integrated algae-based open ocean aquaculture? Fully-automated seafood processing & distribution?” In particular, Norwegian Salmon farmers are already approaching the latter objective, which brings with it significant cost savings. “Aquaculture will be more able to take advantage of technology than wild fisheries,” he warned in a Power Point presentation aptly titled “The Future of the Seafood Industry.”  Farmers are likely to dictate markets going forward with two-thirds of global seafood consumption expected to be farmed fish by 2030 !!

Before giving you the highlights on 2020 Seafood industry here, I tell this brief story on 1900 to 1970 Development spurred by new engines, power blocks, new nets, the Sonar, from wooden boats to steel boats. MK Veidar at the Lofoten region in center of the picture here, bought in 1933 and demolished 1965, owned by the Strand Brothers Ole Kristian, Anton Edvard and Kristian. Note that the new Seiner ship (bought in 1965 sold in 1974) MS Veidar 1 is also shown here. Mr Odin Strand & Mr Anton Strand, sons of Mr Ole Kristian Strand, were owners of this new steel Seiner boat. MS Veidar 1 is shown in the lowermost right of the picture here, and they were after they sold MS Veidar 1 also amongst earliest farming pioneers and entrepreneurs great Fish farm owners of Br. Strand A/S over 20 years (1973-1995) in Fevåg in Middle Norway, read more on that on this page! Fast forward to Norway’s fully modern and industrialized fish farming industry per 2020. Per 2020 all kinds of refined Seafood products are sold also retail globally, where newest examples are the Aurora salmon from North Norway and Nama Salmon and Poke Salmon and raw Salmon Sushi in ready-made portions. In 2019 the holding company Kvarv states in its Annual Report that there is still a positive outlook for the salmon industry, but it hints that the trade war casts somewhat shadows over the prospects. A relatively long rise in business cycles, plus greater risk for protection measures in the world trade, give increased price and market risk to the salmon industry, states Kvarv. Also the weak NOK exchange rate has been fortunate for the company, but the salmon prices can also be reduced considerably in case the NOK strengthens again. At the week of Kvarv’s AR statement the Norwegian krone again reached financial crisis levels at over 10 NOK versus Euro, an unusual weak level. Kvarv states the salmon industry has now experienced several years with very high salmon prices, partly as a consequence of the exchange rate development. The ownership of the owner Mr Gustav Magnar Witzøe of Salmar and a whole slew of other companies is being managed by the company named Kverva AS which again is owned by the holding company Kvarv AS. The father of Gustav Magnar is Mr Gustav Witzøe, and he is the great entrepreneurial founder of the company Salmar AS and he is the else the contact person for Kvarv AS. The Kvarv group employs 3.500 people, in particular associated with the Seafood industry. Total sales in Kvarv group increased in 2018 to above 18 bn NOK, up from 15,5 bn in 2017. However, its annual result fell from 3,05 bn in 2017 to 2,56 bn in 2018. So over to a brief history of the company Salmar AS, its headquarters is in Trondheim in Trøndelag (Middle Norway) and it posesses a total of 43 licences for fish farming in Norway. Three of these are granted in 2009 for production of Ecologically farmed salmon! Nowadays in 2019 the Salmar’s modern and high-tech automated Ocean Farm 2 & 1 are already in full operation far out in the Atlantic Ocean outside of Trondheimsfjorden, actually being the leading technology globally and hence being at pole position of best fish farming industries in the world, as well as its SeaFarm shipsized construction is in operation. In near future also the steelbuilt modern Smart Fish Farm will be in operation, where this industrial type installation dwarfs the Ocean Ranch 2 in size and volume for production licence. Furthermore, Salmar AS cooperates heavily with the famous research institution named Sintef and the famous Trøndelag university NTNU on three licences for commercial production of salmon as well as for big full-scale research projects. Salmar AS was established early 1991, and it was then based on a bought bankrupt fish farm having only one production licence for salmon plus one whitefish basis factory with butchering and processing. This happened in times of distress for Norway’s fish farms which then resulted in bankruptcy the same year in November for their sales institution named Fiskeoppdretternes Salgslag AL. So the foundation for a strong pillar to Salmar’s growing business operations was processing and product refining arising from this enormous bankruptcy and the resulting mountain of unsold salmon (Ref. Lakseberget or Rød Fisk, Red Fish for the banks). Up to 1991 the salmon was sold either fresh or frozen round gutted. After 1991 a considerable structural makeover happened in the salmon industry going in the direction of of modernized industrial development. The socalled Locomotive companies entered the playing field, this can also be looked at this way here. In 1997 a total of 70 market players accounted for 80% of the total salmon production in Norway, and in 2006 only 31 (less than half) obtained to account for 80% ! The 10 largest producing companies of salmon and trout in Norway then in 2007 accounted for 64% of the total production ! The top three greatest corporations in the same year 2007, namely the Marine Harvest, the Lerøy Seafood Group and the SalMar, they controlled a whopping 53% of total production !! In this year 2019 you can imagine the status after ten more years.

The Strand ancestry basis for USA and Canada, where its origins also are from the Fevåg homesteads named Aspestrand and Frengen. The two Strand brothers are at top here, namely Anton Edvard and Ole Kristian Kristoffersen. Current Canada and USA relatives originates from these two brothers. Also, the spectacular and interesting history of MS Veidar 1 fits well in here and is as follows: The steelboat MS Veidar 1 was 90 feet long and it was built by Vaagland Båtbyggeri in Halsa at Møre og Romsdal. Veidar 1 enabled the two Strand brothers Odin and Anton, sons of Ole Kristian Strand, to become even more mobile along Norway’s superlong coastline plus enabled them to actively use the modern fishing method in purse seining. With Veidar 1 they also conducted salmon fishing with use of the fishing method named Floating line (Fløyteline) out in the open Atlantic Ocean and then up to 150-200 nautical miles from Vesterålen in the Lofoten region. They conducted fat herring fishing (Feitsildfiske) in the autumn, and in winter they carried out large herring fishing (Storsildfiske). Besides this type of fishing, the MS Veidar 1 was conducting purse seining fishing on the coast of West-Africa with Mr Odin Strand as base (Notbas) and where Mr Anton Strand worked along him both being very skilled and professional fishermen from Norway’s Fisheries. This historic event was because after the full stop in granted quotas on herring fishing encompassing all fishing vessels in Norway, the two Strand brothers leased their ship out to a company registered in Bermudas which was owned by the Swedish corporation Astra plus the Norwegian shipping company named Thor Dahl A/S. Being owners of MS Veidar 1 the two Strand brothers were hired as Captein, Chief, and fishermen for the duration of this designated fisheries that went on outside of the West Coast of Africa. A fishing fleet of 10-12 purse seiner ships participated in delivering their daily catches to the enormous snd technologically advanced mothership being the rebuilt factory ship by name Astra (previously the whale factory ship named Thorshavet owned by Thor Dahl). The purse seiners operated near the Equator line all the way from the coast of Guinea Bissau in the south, from outside of the coast of Senegal, plus outside the coast up to Mauretania. All days including weekends year round the purse seiners carried out their fishing from 1969 till 1974 (!). The two Strand brothers who owned the seiner ship received income for the leasing contract, at the same time they had full employment income plus a percentage royalty fee of the total catch value. Outside Africa’s coast the MS Veidar 1 fished ordinary macquerel, horse macquerel and two types of herring by name of Sardinella that all went into grinding of herring flour. The one type was equal to our Fat herring, the other type was equal to our Large herring. The seiners delivered their catch in open seas to the Astra mothership, and they had to show caution. The seiner ships rotated on going ashore to dispatch mail, supplies etc. Sometimes there was some piracy activity going on also, but they only heard of these incidents after the Africa fishing was ended. The catastrophy arose for Astra in 1974 when it was struck so it sank quickly in a collision with a Chinese ship outside West-Africa, and everyone aboard except one person was rescued from the sinking Astra. The two Strand brothers Odin and Anto thus terminated their fishing in West-Africa in order to favor their decision to start up purse seining fishing again in Norway. However, due to its 1969-1974 period of Africa fishing, the MS Veidar 1 had been out of Norway’s Fisheries according to the quota regulations so they met with difficulties being allowed entry into Norway’s Fisheries again. In 1974 the Norway’s herring population was still heavily regulated with quota requirements. The rules were such that formal receipts on delivered catches to Norges Sildesalgslag for the last three years had to be documented and presented in order for the ship to be eligible for a quota in Norway, if no such receipts - no fishing! All ended with the status that the two Strand brothers had to resign and sell in 1974 their ship MS Veidar 1 to the shipping company Johan Dyb in the village Godøya at Sunnmøre, which decided to keep the ship’s name MS Veidar 1. MS Veidar 1 was afterwards in 1988 sold to Arnfinn Berge in the village Mausund at Frøya that changed its name to Egil Jr. The ship was further sold in 1995 to August Fjeldskår in the city Mandal Lindesnes at Vest-Agder that still today operates under the new name Nesbuen. Mainly the Nesbuen nowadays is used for shrimp trolling in the Skagerak Sea plus the North Sea.

This is the grand progress made since 1900 up to now 2020, with roots in Trøndelag being the central part of Norway. The 3 Strand brothers went to USA several times, they returned to be part of Trøndelag growth, and today Strand and Alderman relatives are in Canada and USA. Near 2020 the Norwegians, the leaders in salmon harvests, are already working on a wide variety of ways to not only protect their farms from lice but to grow healthier farmed salmon. «Norway understands that safeguarding the environment and fish stocks for the future is the only way it’s aquaculture industry can remain sustainable,” says Norge, the voice of the Norwegian Seafood Council,  in an intro to an explanation of fish-farming practices in that country. “They also understand the importance of transparency.” Norwegian quality claims have led to a jump in prices for the country’s salmon. “Seafood has transformed from a primary industry to a high-tech brand industry. It provides increased food production, many more jobs, large tax revenues and more value creation from fishing boats and aquaculture sites. But if we are to succeed in our common growth ambitions, we need to change our pace -- both in the industry, and in the government." Through the "common seafood strategy 2030", Norway's industry is working to ensure sustainable growth by addressing the challenges associated with sea lice, escapes, feed, and animal welfare, it said. "Fisheries must remain within stipulated quotas and made available to the Norwegian seafood industry. We can and should do too much more of the processing ourselves and we must create an industry of technology and service companies with the world as a market, as the oil industry has done before us." "We will also create completely new industries in feed, health and biotechnology based on raw materials we are not using today. This is really taking the whole coast and all landings into use." It warned against any new tax measures which might weaken the marine industries.

Fisheries after 1919 with MK Hardangerfjord MK Veidar plus MS Veidar 1 far out of Norway’s coastline : The story in this picture focuses on the development from wooden boats equipped with only PowerBlocks and Sonar, to more high-tech steel boats fully equipped with processing machinery deep freezers onboard stateoftheart high-tech sonar computers and propellar thrusters for effective maneauvering at sea and ports. At right bottom you see the Fevåg origin of todays Fosen Yards, namely Frengen Slip & Motorverksted A/S. It’s important to note that after 1919 the three Strand brothers from the village Fevåg, Anton Edvard, Ole Kristian and Kristian, they fished together with landjoined gillnets. Kristian was the gillnet base man (notbas). Before their USA immigration their family name was Aspestrand, and upon the sale of their Three Brothers boat just before 1919 they returned to Trøndelag and invested in a new boat (Hardangerkutter) named Hardangerfjord. The boat MK Hardangerfjord was owned by the three Strand brothers upon their return from Petersburg in Alaska, but in distress it ran aground in 1933 very close to Brettingen mountain at Fevåg village their homeplace. The wooden boat MK Veidar was then quickly bought in 1933 by the two brothers Ole Kristian and Kristian Strand. They acquired a purse seine in 1933. In Fevåg the brothers Bakken also had gillnets with Mr Adolf Bakken as the base. MK Veidar had a onecylinder 50 HP Wickmann-motor. It was only 63 feet long and it was hence no giant on the seas, and its sign was ST-1-SN. See also this name/sign in a good Lofoten harbour picture of Veidar. Veidar was rebuilt just after the WWII war at the Strømmen shipyard in Inderøy in Trondheimsfjorden, it was prolonged to 69 feet and it got a new crossing tailend. Ole Kristian and Kristian went on fishing missions even as far out of Norway’s coast as to Bjørnøya close to the far north Svalbard islands (!) The MK Veidar was after many years taken over by the two Strand brothers Mr Odin Strand and Mr Anton Strand, the sons of Ole Kristian, and Odin took then over the base responsibility previously done by Kristian. Odin Strand was also the boat’s captein (skipper in Norwegian) since he then was one of the youngest certified skipper-men on Norway’s coastline. The boat got installed then a used onecylinder 120 HP Hjeldset-motor. Later in 1960 the two brothers sailed to Bjørsol in Møre og Romsdal in order to buy and install a modern power block, and Veidar was hence amongst the very first seiner boats that installed an effective power block for purse seining. In the first years they went fishing with gillnetting for the grand herring (storsild), as assisting boat. Along great parts of Norway’s coast on hence very long stretching fishing missions Veidar was used for herring fishing and cod fishing. They went fishing with purse seines and gillnetting for spawning cod around the Lofoten region and all the way up north to the coastline of the Finnmark municipality. When the new steelship MS Veidar 1 of 90 feet was bought in 1965 for delivery for modern purse seine fishing all over in the Atlantic Ocean, the now worn-out oldfashioned Veidar was then demolished by the Navy forces on deep waters at Agdenes in Trondheimsfjorden. More is with another picture told on the rather spectacular story of MS Veidar 1 since it also was operated many years by Odin and Anton in Africa for Astra Sweden (!).

«LOFOTEN spawning cod» was before what Norway was famously known for throughout our globe : By the 1920s, a high proportion of the fishing fleet used engine power, which enabled the boats to have a smaller crew on board. However, the Lofoten Fishery remained a major attraction for fishermen for many years after the Second World War. In 1860, around 24,000 men took part. The popularity of the fishery reached a peak in 1895 when 32,000 fishermen took part. Since 1990, between 2000 and 4000 fishermen have participated every year. The total catch has not declined, and a “shark” type fishing boat today is ten times more efficient than its counterpart in times gone by. 2020 «Nama Salmon» is nowadays the new Seafood branding term of what Norway is known for in our world markets: Learn more about Norwegian Salmon, farmed by the world’s foremost and most-innovative aquaculture industry. Origin: The cold, clear waters of Norway Availability: Year-round. Taste and Texture: Moist, flaky meat, Clean, fresh-tasting, Bright orange color and beautiful white lines, Smell should be sweet and ocean-like—never fishy. All-Natural Diet: Norwegian Salmon are fed an all-natural diet composed of both vegetable and marine raw material, such as fish oil and fish meal from wild fish, plus vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Strict Regulations: Raised and cared for under strict Norwegian regulation throughout the production chain to ensure food safety. No Antibiotics: Due to new disease-fighting techniques and preventive measures, the use of antibiotics is currently approaching zero. No Color Added: Flesh color comes from diet supplements that are similar to vitamins. https://youtu.be/2UJtfGhcR5c

Old wharf buildings with lovely views over the sea in Råkvåg, that’s a unique cultural recollection with large seahouses from the herring fishing days. Råkvåg, (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈroːkˌvɔɡ]) or Råkvågen is a village in Trøndelag county, termed the most beautiful fishing village by Innovation Norway. The old herring buildings now give way to exhibitions, museums, restaurants and accommo dation. Råkvåg is popular with boat owners and has facilities for visiting boats, and it is popular for visitors during the summer months. A big attraction is «Råkvåg anno 1930» It has become a tradition to meet here on one weekend during the summer (known as Råkvåg-dagene). Source: Kystnorge AS

Råkvåg’s scenic restaurants, real estate : Marthabrygga Bryggekafeen is known for its homemade food and good portions, and it is the natural starting point for a walk along the quay area to experience Råkvåg fully. The Råkvåg Marina appears modern but homely and it has an in-house restaurant, and it accommodates about 50 people in single rooms, double rooms or family rooms, all having cozy hotel standard. "Landnota" the Landnota Bar & Eatery is located inside "Salteriet" in beautiful Råkvåg, and it’s food servings is based on Norwegian traditions and local ingredients. Source: Kystnorge AS Welcome to contact Karl Idar Frengen with +47 926 145 06 or by using his www.raakvaag.no , Stjørna Kultur og Næringsforum, concerning opportunities for buying house/apartment or cabin areas in/near Råkvåg.

The current product portfolio of Fosen Yard is New building, Design, Conversion and Aquaculture industry. In the last category Fosen Yard has a contract on manufacturing newbuildings for the seafarming industry that might be termed instrumental for Ocean ranching or the socalled Offshore exposed farming, namely the world’s new Arctic Offshore Farming contract placed by Norway Royal Salmon which is based in Trondheim (Trøndelag or Middle Norway if you like). This promising project for the future opens for tight cooperation between the aquaculture competencies of NRS and the Offshore competencies parties, and the concept opens access to the exposed ocean waters farther away from the near coastline. This contract represents near 350 million NOK for Fosen Yards, it shall be built by 2020 in Germany-Norway, and it constitutes half of the NRS investment. For NRS this constitutes world class in terms of employment, revenue generation as well as food products. Of memorable early high-tech history, we know that MS The World is the largest privately owned residential yacht and that her hull was built in Landskrona, Sweden, by Öresundsvarvet, and it was then towed for completion to Fosen Mekaniske Verksted in Rissa (!) Norway. This is the presently Fosen Yards in Rissa, and note that this huge shipyard started in Fevåg as a tiny shipyard there to begin with (Frengen Slip & Motorverksted). Please observe this earliest start in the photo above. The luxurious vessel was launched in March 2002 and purchased by its residents in October 2003. The shipyard in Rissa met with marketwise financial challenges in the aftermath of this successful and rather glorious ship delivery. The ship was the idea of Norwegian Knut U. Kloster, whose family had a long history in the marine industry. The residents, from about 45 countries, live on board as the ship travels, staying in most ports several days. Some residents choose to live on board full-time while others visit periodically throughout the year. Average occupancy is 150–200 residents and guests. The crew numbers approximately 280. It is operated by ROW Management, Ltd., headquartered in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States. It has 165 residences (106 apartments, 19 studio apartments, and 40 studios), all owned by the ship's residents. Fosen Yards has since 1962 been in the ownership of the Bye family (Fosen Mekaniske Verksteder at Rissa, and before that Frengen Slip & Motorverksted in Fevåg), but in 2007 seven investors took over the yard. In August 2008 the company was bought by Bergen Group and renamed Bergen Group Fosen. In 2014 the shipyard was sold to Noryards and named Noryards Fosen. In october 2015 the company was restarted and named Fosen Yard.

The driving forces on Seafood Overall per 2020 in Norway : 1. On the foremost driving force, The brand new Ocean Farming concept and in 2020 also the Arctic Farming concept of Norway Royal Salmon, and note both based in exposed seawaters outside of Middle Norway (!) is today a very costly futureproofed investment, but you can increase production 8-10 times. Being a subsidiary of SalMar, the company Ocean Farming has developed its ocean farm concept on similar technology used to anchor floating oil platforms to the seafloor. The submerged facility is an anchored fixed structure that can float steady in exposed ocean at water depth of 100-300 meters, where the aqua biological conditions are more ideal for aquaculture on the “fish’s terms,” The facility is fully automated, avoiding heavier manual operations. During normal operation a crew of 2–4 people will monitor and manage the facility. “If we go offshore, you must think in terms of larger and stronger facilities. It’s more costly, but you can increase production 8-10 times.” “To my knowledge, there are no similar projects with that size and structure anywhere in the world,” “The design combines the best of existing technology and solutions from the Norwegian fish farming industry and the offshore oil and gas sector,” 2. On the second driving force, We note about the Fisheries brand new MS Veidar in 2018 and modern style fully high-tech longliner netting ship based at Ålesund, it is a conventional ocean fishing vessel of 182 feet 55,5 m. This is a whopping 200 million NOK high-tech futureproofed investment in this ship with stateoftheart datascreens assistance on the bridge, fully automated fishing machinery and deepfreeze storage rooms for processed packaged products.

Brødrene Strand A/S at Fevåg - Pioneers on Fish farming plus Smoked Salmon products 1973-1995 : Mr Odin Strand (90 years 2019) and his brother Mr Anton Strand from Fevåg in IndreFosen county (before Rissa), they were the first on commercial basis that built a fish farm inclusive processing of smoked salmon in the region of Rissa Ørland Bjugn Åfjord. Both they had background work experience from the Scandinavian Fisheries in both Trøndelag and the coast of Africa (!). Of the first places in entire Norway that truly based its future on fish farming was the Hitra and Frøya big islands in Trøndelag. So here the Trønder people was early adopters, and they have always maintained a strong position in the Hitra Frøya region, latest on ocean ranching of Atlantic Salmon. Fish farming here in the Fosen region together with the coastal region of Namdal has tremendous importance to Trøndelag. A lot of workplaces keep the population growth high. Already before the two Strand brothers sold Veidar 1 and thanked for the time in the Fisheries, there was huge interest taken in Fish farming by Mr Odin Strand and Mr Anton Strand. They consulted valuable business knowledge with the central two brothers Mr Sivert and Mr Ove Grøntvedt on Hitra, and likewise they consulted Mr Ola B. Refsnes in Selnes Rissa that for many years had operated the Fosen Laksestyre from Saga in Rissa (salmon production from wild salmon roe throughout Fosen). Fosen Laksestyre had many years been hatching wild salmon roe and placed the small salmon (smolt Norwegian English) out in all the key rivers through the Fosen region. The basis wild salmon were caught out in the start of the Trondheimsfjord at the islands Stavøya and Tarva. After the two Strand brothers had made an acquisition of 12.000 small rainbow trout from Mr Magne Gjerstad in the village Helset at the Møre og Romsdal municipality, they were established in Fevåg with their Fish farming company Brødrene Strand A/S then in 1973. They built a large Deep freeze storage plant at the location Djupvorpa in Fevåg Frengen, and they frose Capelin for fish fodder that they bought in traysize frozen from the Fish factory in the village Lysøysundet in Fosen. Herring flour was added, and they also used frozen Greenland shrimp shells in the processed grinded fish fodder at Djupvorpa with the purpose of building red colour in the fish meat of the trouts. So their fish fodder was mostly natural a very long time before modern pellets mix fodder was introduced in fish farming. Brødrene Strand A/S harvested and processed its first trout generation in 1975, but in that year the good prices from earlier years had fallen dramatically. Also that year they had experienced large deaths of trout with following loss of profits, because of the illness vibriosis the trout caught. Despite this headwind, the Brødrene Strand A/S did continue its fish farming operation. When the law on production licences (not quotas on sales) was enacted the company Brødrene Strand A/S was allotted a licence of 8.000 m3, a licence that some years later was expanded to 12.000 m3. In 1980 the company built a separate plant at Saga for a production licence of 300.000 small salmon (smolt) that came in addition to the plant at Djupvorpa for Consumer salmon products fresh frozen as well as smoked salmon products processed from their own high-tech Smokery at Djupvorpa. This plant for smolt was built in the village Saga on the bought real estate of Saga Fabrikker A/S (and Råkvåg Atlantik Canning A/S) in Rissa (before Stjørna). In the summer a year Brødrene Strand A/S also was hired in a consulting business by the Canadian Fisheries to teach and mentor a Canadian Fish factory at the farthest northeast village Nain on the Labrador coast to process in modern methods smoked atlantic char products as product improvement for the sales onwards to Canada’s supermarkets. It was 3-4 weeks local stay in Nain for Mr Odin Strand and Mr Odd Sverre Strand that both worked to mentor the factory workers and its manager Mr James Webb to smoke their char fish by Norway’s new standard method. The mentors work ensured the new smoked char product was a success. The smolt plant totally burned up in 1987 with all its vintage wooden materials, but the smolt plant was quickly built up again with fully modern production equipment and effective safe plant interior in place. In 1995 Brødrene Strand A/S decided to terminate its entire operations due to a full stop in market conditions and sales from Norway, Norway’s crisis in Fish farming. Both factories of Brødrene Strand A/S with real estate, the 1st at Djupvorpa and the 2nd at Saga, was sold in 1995 to Hitra Holding in Trøndelag. The smolt factory at Saga is today 2019 a part of the company Lerøy Midnor AS.

Norwegian Salmon, It has been ruled to be Safe to Consume Raw: Norwegian Salmon is Exempt from the freezing requirement for fish (U.S. Food Code section 3-402.11) because it is an aquaculture fish, raised in net pens in open water and fed formulated feed. Norwegian Salmon are sustainably raised and cared for under strict, nationally regulated. Sustainably farmed Norwegian Salmon delivers a clean taste and texture that comes from a slow, natural growth process and exceptional regulations to ensure safety. Norwegian ocean-farmed salmon are raised in pens in the cold, clear waters of Norway. Worldwide preference for purchasing Norwegian fish/seafood instead of other fish/species rose from 47% to 50% in 2015. And with 38% of U.S. seafood consumers agreeing that origin matters — especially when it comes to the quality of the products they are purchasing — you can’t afford to miss out on high-quality retail programs tailored to your customers’ tastes. Moreover, Briefly about the NORWEGIAN SEAFOOD COUNCIL it is all about the following. To increase demand for our seafood and to boost its reputation, the Norwegian Seafood Council develops hundreds of promotional campaigns in key markets. Its role is to develop activities each year, including distributing information, conducting studies, monitoring markets and advertising to promote Norwegian seafood overseas, while researching and developing insight and new routes to market. Drive in-store sales of sustainably wild-caught and ocean-farmed Norwegian Seafood — one of consumers’ most trusted seafood sources— with custom point-of-sale materials touting that you carry premium seafood from the cold, clear waters of Norway. Concerning Norwegian Seafood Retail Programs, the Norwegian Seafood Council exists to lend retail support—whether it’s back-of-house training to educate your staff on premium Norwegian Seafood or a hard-hitting demo program to drive awareness of the product and ease-of-use at home. Promote Norwegian Seafood sales in your retails stores with custom, co-branded programs. Concerning Norwegian Seafood Wholesalers and Distributors, The Norwegian Seafood Council exists to help distributors and wholesalers drive sales. From back-of-house training to educate your staff on premium Norwegian Seafood to front-of-house materials to proudly call attention to the origin of the seafood you’re serving, we’re here to create customizable programs to support your sales. See how the Norwegian Seafood Council supports our wholesalers and distributors.

The FOSEN peninsula district west of Trondheim is dominated by forested valleys, lakes, coastal cliffs but also shallow areas, and in the interior mountains reaching up to 675 m elevation, and Fosen shields Trondheim of the rough coastal weather. Frøya is the westernmost municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Fosen region and consists of the island of Frøya, which lies north of the island of Hitra, as well several thousand other small islands surrounding the island of Frøya. The main island of Frøya is connected to the neighboring island of Hitra (and ultimately the mainland of Norway) by the Frøya Tunnel which goes under the Frøyfjorden in direction of Trondheim. Outside of mighty Frøya towards Frohavet, where the newest Ocean Ranching is located, we find other small islands like Mausundvær, Sula, Froan and Halten. All this is easily viewed atop of the mountain Brettingen towering over the village Fevåg. So next, to arrive at Fevåg and Rissa in IndreFosen, simply drive onto the Flakk–Rørvik Ferry that crosses the Trondheimsfjord and connects the village of Rørvik with the city of Trondheim. Trondheim - one of Norway's main cities, lovely location on the river bend, historically important as previous capital of Norway and seat of the archbishop at Norway's national cathedral. Trøndelag, alternative spelling Tröndelag, is a region and county of Norway, sometimes referred to as Middle Norway. Several of the best salmon rivers in Norway empty into the Trondhjemsfjorden. Among these are the rivers famous Gaula (in Melhus just south of Trondheim), Orklaelva (in Orkdal), Stjørdalselva (in Stjørdal), and Verdalselva (in Verdal). The Trondheimsfjord has rich marine life, with both southern and northern species; at least 90 species of fish have been observed, and the fjord has the largest biological production among Norway's fjords. The Trondheim Fjord or Trondheimsfjorden (pronounced ), an inlet of the Norwegian Sea, is Norway's third-longest fjord at 130 kilometres (81 mi) long. It is located in the west-central part of the country in Trøndelag county, and it stretches from the municipality of Ørland in the west to the municipality of Steinkjer in the north, passing the city of Trondheim on its way.

Fevåg in brief : On the south side of Stjørnfjorden is the charming village Fevåg on the far side of Bakstein point. Skerries stick up where the fjord parts into two arms. The village of Austrått, which includes the Austrått manor that utilised Fevåg for its livestock feeding, is located on the northern shore near the outlet of the Stjørnfjorden into the Trondheimsfjord. The Stjørnfjord or Stjørnfjorden is an arm of Trondheimsfjorden that flows through the municipalities of Bjugn, Ørland, and Indre Fosen in Trøndelag county, Norway. The 20-kilometre (12 mi) long Stjørnfjorden stretches southwest from the mouth of the Nordelva river near the village of Råkvåg to the Trondheimsfjord near Brekstad and Austrått. The inner part of the Stjørnfjord splits into two smaller arms, the Nordfjord and Sørfjord. The Bjugnfjorden lies about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of the fjord. A little further into the fjord lies the village of Stjørna, after which the fjord is named. The village of Høybakken and Heggvik Church lie on the north side of the fjord. The village of Råkvåg is located on the south side of the Nordfjord, while the village of Mælan is located at the terminus of the Sørfjord.

Mr Jon Arnt Strand & Mr Andrew Twigg : Ontario - Cruising Canoes - Moira River - Bay of Quinte. The family of Mr Jon Arnt Strand has its base at the city Belleville in Canada. Belleville with a 2016 Census population of 50,716 is a city located at the mouth of the Moira River on the Bay of Quinte in Southern (Central) Ontario, Canada, along the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor. The Moira River is a river in Hastings County in eastern Ontario, Canada. It travels from its source in the centre of the county to the county seat Belleville to the Bay of Quinte. Cruising Canoes is based in Belleville, Ontario – but our adventures take us all over the province. Andrew Twigg and his guides will take you on an adventure of a lifetime. Our adventures range from backcountry canoe trips, winter camping adventures, local paddles, river runs, snowshoe adventures, and coming soon, pontoon boat tours and history tours! Belleville is part of The Great Waterway tourism region from the Seaway Valley to Lake Ontario, and Belleville is the largest urban centre in a much larger market area generally known as the Quinte Region. Belleville became an important railway junction with the completion of the Grand Trunk Railway in 1856; this plus a booming trade in lumber and successful farming in the area helped increase the commercial and industrial growth. Belleville was incorporated as a town in 1850. Belleville is located at the mouth of the Moira River on the Bay of Quinte in southeastern Ontario between the cities of Quinte West to the west and Napanee to the east. Nearby we find Lennox & Addington and Frontenac County at its Best, and nearby Gananoque and the 1000 Islands is also a paradise. Source: Revolvy.com and CruisingCanoes.com.

Mr Ole Jostein Wilmann, elder cousin of me, lived with his wife Liv and children a long time in Denver after his U. of Denver graduation, now they live in Norway. Myself I graduated as MBA at U. of Denver, having lived there near 3 years. Do not be surprised if Mr Ole J. Wilmann is very soon contacting applicable senior citizens in the city Petersburg AK for valuable information on where the three Strand brothers in 1906-1919 lived their daily lives in the city centre as well as info on which families today had much to do with them and knew them very well. It’s also great to know that Ole Jostein Wilmann as teenager was crewmember of MK Veidar and also later likewise hardworking on the steel Seiner MS Veidar 1 after 1965 upon a return he had from Denver, hence he knows well daily life Seining in the Atlantic Ocean, the U. Of Denver, and USA real estate construction also based at Genesee plus doing US Skijumping professionally! If Mother Nature had a favorite child in the U.S., Colorado might be it. The Rocky Mountains can inspire jaw-dropping awe from just a simple drive along I-70, but for a closer look at some of the wonders, take the next cruise along one of the scenic roads. Denver's nickname is the "Mile-High City" because its official elevation is one mile above sea level, and Denver was in 2016 named the best place to live in the United States by U.S. News & World Report. Finally linked to the rest of the nation by rail, Denver prospered as a service and supply center, and since Denver is the largest city within 800 km it has become a natural location for storage and distribution of goods and services to the Mountain States, Southwest states, as well as all western states. Denver is ranked as a Beta world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Denver is the most populous city within a 500-mile (800 km) radius of the 18-county Front Range Urban Corridor, an oblong urban region stretching across two states, with an estimated 2018 population of 4,976,781. Denver is also the second-most populous city in the Mountain West after Phoenix, Arizona. In the winters Colorado has vast offerings of great ski resorts with family-friendly alpine skiing plus downhill skiing, cross-country skiing in ranches and near mountain passes, and may also offer you scandinavian type of Crust Cruising Skiing. The Red Rocks Amphitheatre with magnificent outlook over Denver and eastwards is for sure a Colorado treasure! Even though it’s one of the most famous concert venues in the world, you don’t have to buy expensive tickets for a big show to enjoy this destination. Tucked in Morrison, Colorado just outside of Denver, Red Rocks is a great place for hiking, athletic sporty rock climbing and bouldering as well as offers for happy entertainment in great spirited rock concerts, and it often hosts special events like “yoga on the rocks” and movie nights. Altitude sickness is a term that gets tossed at visitors coming to Colorado quite a bit, especially when you go to Pikes Peak and Mount Evans.

Denver Vail plus Beaver Creek in April 2019 was epic! We enjoyed many fun days in LoDo Denver plus several days of shredding snow in all valleys and slopes, also enjoying the best seafood besides game meat, so we had a blast! This was a bucket list type of journey for the author of this Great Adventures eBook Odd Sverre Strand joined by my two sons Sigurd Leithaug Strand and Halvor Leithaug Strand, aiming to enjoy skiing the Rockies as a truly bonded family team and also to learn more about western world Seafood sales plus Chef cooking and to connect the best way with our ancestors values. The following facts on Denver and the Rockies also inspired us in our journey’s joyful energetic actions. Denver has a highly educated populace -- said to be the most educated in the United States -- and active culture. The state's mere topogrophy nearly forces its inhabitants to take an interest in physical activity. Colorado contains the majority of the "fourteeners" -- mountains boasting peaks at 14,000 feet or higher -- in North American. Denver also recently became the US state with the most sports facilities of any state in the West, states HomeToDenver.com statistics. More evidence of the state's high level of active people is the statistic showing its people are the thinnest of any state in the United States. 

“President and CEO James Iacino chose upstream swim to grow Seattle Fish Co. ... and that accelerated our growth.” James Iacino is the grandson of founder Mose Iacino, and the family has been in the fishmonger business in Colorado since 1918, nowadays supplying some 10 million pounds of seafood a year to Rocky Mountain chefs and grocers only. Over 15 million pounds of seafood and gourmet provisions annually processed and distributed, 24/7, throughout the Rocky Mountain and Midwest regions [Salt Lake City to St. Louis and Montana to New Mexico] out of facilities in Denver and Kansas City. We Strand people that appreciated a Company tour on March 29th 2019 at Seattle Fish Company in Denver, we send our grateful thanks to Quality Supervisor Mr Erik Floyd and Customer Experience Manager P. J. Paland, we learnt much! What we also got knowledge of by our research on info was the following. 2014: Seattle Fish Co. aims for $100m in sales by 2018. Processor and distributor Seattle Fish Co. is aiming to shift its product mix toward a higher percentage of frozen seafood as it hopes to hit a $100 million annual sales target in coming years. With bright projections of 10% sales growth for the next five years, the company is currently preparing to double its capacity by opening up another section of its warehouse, and it is more than prepared to sell more fish. Today, Iacino and the modern day Seattle Fish Co. are servicing 17 states — sourcing product from all three American coasts and also from countries as far away as Iceland. The company strives for sustainable practices and has celebrated its 100 years as Mile high’s seafood specialist. Some of its top sellers are farmed Atlantic salmon, tuna and halibut; but the growth is coming from the full range of its offerings, which number into the hundreds. Each year, Seattle Fish Co. receives and processes more than 7.5 million pounds of seafood in its Denver facility, and supplies Whole Foods, King Soopers, Panzano, Marczyk Fine Foods and others. Since 1918, Seattle Fish Company has been supplying restaurants, hotels, caterers and grocers throughout Denver and the Rocky Mountain area with the finest fresh and frozen seafood. If you shop for groceries at King Soopers or Whole Foods in the region you are eating Seattle Fish Co. products. Seattle Fish Co is also equally strong in retail and foodservice, which make up equal parts of its sales. Seattle Fish Co. has grown from 90 employees in 2010 to currently 170. “We can get it Seafood fresh from all the coasts.” “If you’re in San Francisco and eating scallops, those scallops flew over Denver from the East Coast to get to you.” The Iacinos would know. Source: Company’s website plus great many news articles.

Cooke produces some of the very best seafood in the world. It is a company of 9,000 employees and has operations in nine countries around the globe, and harvest more than 17 core species of fish. Cooke will now be a player in Alaska’s wild-salmon industry, which has long been wary of the farmed-salmon competition. Cooke’s president forecast that via the acquisition of Icicle Seafoods, Inc. based at Petersburg AK the Cooke group of companies will produce over 275,000 metric tonnes of seafood annually and generate CAD 1.8 billion (USD 1.3 billion) in annual sales, hence being a true industry giant. The three Icicle Seafoods units being sold process more than 150,000 metric tons of seafood annually. Because of Icicle’s diversification across a wide array of species and product forms, Cooke’s global sales team will be able to provide customers with year-round access to fresh seafood: wild salmon, black cod, pollock, rockfish, crab and farmed salmon in addition to fishery products from the Wanchese Fish Company.

Petersburg, Alaska was named the Best Town for Young Families in Alaska by NerdWallet.com. NerdWallet sought to better inform young families and parents-to-be by analyzing towns across Alaska according to five criteria:  public school rating from GreatSchools.com, average home value, cost of homeownership, average income, and economic growth. "Little Norway" celebrates its «Mayfest» in the spirit of the Norwegian Constitution Day 17th of May in Norway, with a longer and more enthusiastic celebration than any known Norwegian-American settlement or community. It is a huge celebration on the third weekend in May. Generally four days of festivities are planned, with the major events occurring early in the weekend. Petersburg is now one of Alaska's major fishing communities, and the cannery has operated continuously since its completion. The population was 2,948 at the 2010 census, down from 3,224 in 2000, and Petersburg is situated in Petersburg Borough Alaska.

While the year-round population is only 3300, nearly 40,000 tourists visit Petersburg annually. Our scenic location and small town charm attract over 20,000 visitors annually, as well as designation by Coastal Living magazine as one of the top ten bed-and-breakfast communities in America. Great Things to Do in Petersburg. Explore some of our local tours, eateries and lodging options. From galleries to outfitter stores, Petersburg has a great deal to offer. Enjoy fresh seafood or a cup of java, find unique local and Native artwork to take home with you. Stroll the streets! For outdoor lovers the Tongass National Forest with 17 million acres surrounding Petersburg has unlimited recreational opportunities including fishing, hunting, hiking, camping, kayaking/canoeing, backcountry cross-country and telemark skiing, ice skating, and climbing. The 1.6 million acre Petersburg Ranger District has thousands of miles of shoreline, it’s own Stikine Icefield, the Kuiu Island Wilderness plus Devil’s Thumb. The Stikine-LeConte Wilderness Area, with the spectacular LeConte Glacier calving off tons of bright blue icebergs, is just a short boat ride away. Also concerning Alaska Inside Passage and Tongass region and the Glaciers : If southern Alaska is where the Inside Passage ends, then its origins can be traced all the way down to the Puget Sound of northwestern Washington State. Cutting through and around British Columbia, Canada, and ultimately, a series of islands before reaching this corner of the States, the Inside Passage is definitely an experience to be had, people. And here’s why: in addition to the fact that the Alaskan portion of it offers protection from the fickle waters of the open ocean, the passage also encompasses in excess of 1,000 islands.

2020 Comparison of «the wild Alaska brand» with Norway’s brand «Nama Salmon» linked to company strategy on AquaStorm - Arctic Offshore Farming - Smart Fish Farm - Ocean Ranch 1 & 2 ! Look no further than to Norway’s New Strategy ! It’s Siting Strategy on Farming combined with a State-of-the-art Technology is per 2020 a truly challenging quest for Success ! May many nations also achieve a potential Global win-win situation on coexistence of wild plus farmed salmon ? The wild Alaska brand is a valuable one, and Alaska’s advantage is the state’s mystique, and Superior advantage is that wild Alaska salmon is closer to consumers and pitching healthy eating on multiple fronts. Promoters of wild Alaska fish try to sell – quality, and we note that For a brief moment in time the Alaskans controlled salmon markets. There is sure to be a continuing demand for the best of Alaska wild salmon, just as there is a demand for the best of almost everything. But market forces can be expected to continually drive salmon prices down, and the more efficient and productive fish farms become, the more prices will fall with pressure coming both from deepwater and on land. The commercial salmon fishery in the 49th state is not going away any day soon, and We pay respect to the fact that three Canadian conservation groups state advocate that Alaskan salmon ranches and interception fisheries are damaging B.C.’s wild salmon populations. These three groups plan to challenge the eco-certification awarded to the Alaskan salmon fishery by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). The conservationists worry that slow progress on the fishery’s unfulfilled conditions are damaging B.C.’s wild salmon stocks, and they advocate this standpoint here. «Alaskan ocean ranching and hatchery operations release billions of farm-raised fish into natural eco-systems and wild salmon populations,» said Aaron Hill, a biologist with the Watershed Watch Salmon Society. “There is increasing scientific concern about the effect that flooding the North Pacific with these fish is having on wild salmon populations.” “These fish compete for the same food resources as wild salmon in the open ocean,” said Hill. “Between Japan, Alaska, Canada and Russia more than five billion hatchery fish are released into the North Pacific and it’s getting to be a real concern.” Ocean-ranched salmon could damage wild stocks by out-competing them for food and by mixing with spawning populations, Hill said. Fact on Ocean-ranched fish is they are hatched and reared in fresh water and then raised in ocean-based net pens where they are fed and protected from predation to gain size and strength before being released into the wild. We note though the fact that Salmon farmers already control 70 percent of the salmon market, according to the World Wildlife Fund. Salmon consumption worldwide is also three times higher than it was in 1980, and Salmon aquaculture is the fastest growing food production system in the world. Global salmon markets are now working against Alaska as a continuing trend, because Technology is transforming the fishing business the way it transformed the cattle business, in such a way that the cowboys of the sea are being replaced by the farmers of the bays much as happened on land. There is no indication that salmon farming, now a well-established industry, will be any different from any other farming since aquaculture is now a full-fledged industrial agriculture. The fact is that science-driven “green revolution” transformed agriculture. Note that farmed salmon escapes from nets are nowadays almost non-existant in Norway’s coastline in that there are few incidents and all farmed atlantic salmon is processed and absolutely not being released into Norway’s coast, so today the advocates and promoters of wild atlantic salmon do not protest the farmed salmon in Norway, and note also for this reason there is not any evidence that farmed salmon mixes mates with wild salmon and thus poses any danger to the wild salmon in Norway’s salmon rivers. Today Norwegians don’t fear the farmed salmon, rather they all embrace it highly also because of it’s large workforce! Salmon aquaculture is not without its problems though. Sea-lice infestations reduced anticipated production in Norway, Scotland, Canada and other countries last year, and green algae blooming this year in North Norway killed a huge amount of atlantic salmon production. farms in the Northern Hemisphere have also been forced to resort to pesticides to kill the lice pests, but we note it’s amazing the number of problems industrial agriculture earlier has been able to overcome. Norway is a nation that a lot of influential Alaskans see as a leader in the way to get things done in the far north. Norway’s gigantic corporation now MOWI ASA before Marine Harvest ASA is by far the globe’s biggest producer of farmed salmon since it annually turns out nearly twice as much salmon as all of Alaska’s salmon fisheries combined (!) Mowi ASA is the world's leading seafood company, and the world’s largest producer of Atlantic salmon. In 2018 the company had a turnover of EUR 3.8 billion, it employs 14 537 people and is represented in 25 countries. This year 2019 the Mowi plans to farm fish in the depths in that it plans to lower its fish farms far below the surface of the sea, combining technology from the Norwegian aquaculture, subsea and offshore industries. The company has applied for 36 development licences for the realisation of its “AquaStorm” concept. “This is the largest development project we have ever planned. AquaStorm moves the fish farms out.» Open-ocean fish farms have been touted as one path to greening a business sometimes blamed for polluting protected bays and coves with fish waste. Paying due respect to this issue on in-shore pollution considerations and claims, Norway is primed to solve the challenging siting issue in a major way as regards farming, with a move to Norway’s open ocean as underlined above for the strategic initiative by Mowi Asa. In addition, as always before Modern technology is key, and Norway has been at the forefront of technological innovation since the North Sea oil in 1971. Norway is today also kind of the NASA of oceans management and is per 2020 taking what it learned on that plus on the North Sea technology boost, and Norway is thus pro-actively using all this modern oceans management to forcefully propel and accelerate it’s commercial industry on aquaculture and Seafood. Today All of Norway’s advanced offshore oil-and-gas tech is fueling aquaculture tech. Norway’s Kongsberg Group has labeled the latest in offshore fish farming a paradigm shift. Kongsberg was involved in developing some of the technology said to make the now operational high-tech ocean ranch Ocean 1 outside Middle Norway, where it is owned and operated by Norway’s another huge corporation the Salmar AS, a fully automated facility that allows 3 or 4 people to «cultivate» up to 1.5 million fish per year. Another matter is the fact that A craigmedred.news investigation has found the state of Alaska is now big into the salmon-farming business. About 70 percent of the Alaska salmon not in a can now comes from salmon farms. Alaska also jumped heavily into ocean-ranching and it has now become a key part of the Alaska commercial fishing industry. Though Alaska banned fish farming in the form of net-penned salmon in 1990, it encouraged and supported fish farming in the form of ocean ranching. Alaska fish farms would likely have created new, independent businesses. The ocean ranching operations started by the state are now run by collectives of commercial fishermen the state helped organize as regional aquaculture associations. Moreover, A landbased salmon-raising fish farm in Wisconsin is just now going operational, namely Superior Fresh, and the COO Brandon Gottsacker states this. “We are raising the most premium salmon in the world,” «The pristine water and the absence of antibiotics or pesticides, is something today’s consumers are demanding.” The salmon farmers, some of whom are connected to the same processors the state is helping fund, are also trying to push their product. The state of Alaska is now helping Alaska fish processors based in Washington state fund a multi-million dollar public relations and advertising campaign to sell Americans on the idea Alaska wild salmon is better than farmed salmon. The idea is to attract a premium price for Alaska wild salmon in a market where Alaska salmon have become a minority player. Alaska’s ocean-ranched free-range hatchery salmon is also marketed as «Alaska wild». About the competitors to the «Alaska wild» on the opposite end of the continent, it is farming Chinook salmon – kings to almost everyone in Alaska – which have “been recognised by world-renowned Monterey Bay Aquarium – who has named New Zealand King Salmon the world’s most environmentally sustainable farmed salmon,” Linked to this fact comes latest news for Mowi ASA where 2019 news states this. Mowi ranked most sustainable protein producer. Mowi is on top of the Coller FAIRR Protein Index, which ranks the world’s largest listed protein producers on sustainability. The Index is the world’s only benchmark dedicated. The Coller FAIRR Index ranks the largest global meat, dairy and fish producers by looking at risk factors from use of antibiotics to deforestation and labour abuses.

Glaciers are Alaska’s #1 tourist attraction and Tracy Arm Fjord near Juneau is so gorgeous, you won’t believe it’s actually a real place. This 8th wonder of the world truly has to be seen to be believed. It is 45 miles south of Juneau and is in the Tracy Arm-Fords Terror Wilderness, a congressionally designated wilderness area. With aquamarine water, striking rock faces, and bright blue skies, you will agree that this hidden spot, although hard to get to, is unbelievably beautiful. Tens of thousands of Glaciers dot the state and their thrilling size and striking beauty are amazing to witness. Perhaps the most intimate way to experience the awesome scale of an Alaskan glacier is on the water and a huge number of cruises are available throughout Alaska. Prince William Sound and the Kenai Fjords are full of tidewater glaciers that extend down from mountain peaks and out into the sea.

Icicle Seafoods, now based in Seattle, grew from one plant in Petersburg, Alaska, into processing facilities throughout Alaska plus Washington and Oregon. Icicle Seafoods’ portfolio includes five salmon farms in Puget Sound and an array of Alaska catcher boats, processing vessels and shore-based plants that handle wild salmon, crab, herring, cod and other seafood species. Icicle having 350 year-round employees and 2,000 seasonal workers, is now part of Cooke Seafood that has operations from Chile to Scotland also heavily on fish farming. Alaska banned fish farming about three decades ago, but it jumped heavily into ocean-ranching. It’s free-range hatchery salmon,  marketed as “Alaska wild,” have now become a key part of the Alaska commercial fishing industry. About its competitors it is farming Chinook salmon – kings to almost everyone in Alaska – which have “been recognised by world-renowned Monterey Bay Aquarium – who has named New Zealand King Salmon the world’s most environmentally sustainable farmed salmon,”

Little Norway. Big Adventure. Petersburg AK has a strong Norwegian heritage : At the north end of the Wrangell Narrows, a 22-mile channel that is only 300 feet wide and 19 feet deep in places, is Petersburg, the center of Norwegian culture in Alaska. Petersburg is a small, vibrant town with about 3,000 permanent residents, located on the northern tip of wooded Mitkof Island in the heart of the Tongass National Forest. Petersburg is an island community that continues to make a living from the sea. For a brief time during a peak period of the commercial fishing industry, Petersburg was rumored to have the highest per-capita income for a working town in the U.S. Commercial fishing is the dominant economic driver of Petersburg's economy. The top producers harvest well over a million dollars of seafood each and every year. The Petersburg Branding Project was completed in 2012. Alaska’s Little Norway was founded more than 100 years ago by Norwegian fishermen. Petersburg was named after Peter Buschmann, a Norwegian immigrant who arrived in the late 1890s and homesteaded on the north end of Mitkof Island. In Petersburg you can relax away from the crowds, as the town is not a port of call for large cruise ships, which are unable to navigate the Wrangell Narrows, a winding, scenic waterway between Mitkof and Kupreanof islands. Lovely, hospitable Petersburg is a traditional fishing community that proudly celebrates its Norweigian heritage and still makes its living from the sea, with commercial and pleasure boats dominating area waters. Petersburg has three beautiful harbors which attract the smaller cruise ships, private yachts and pleasure boats to town in the summer months, and it is located on Frederick Sound near the summer feeding grounds of hundreds of humpback whales. The Stikine-LeConte Wilderness Area, with the spectacular LeConte Glacier calving off tons of bright blue icebergs, is just a short boat ride away. Visit a place that still hold on to its small town roots, and leave the crowds behind. Feel free to hike in the Tongass rainforest, gaze at glaciers, go halibut fishing or simply go outside and breathe in the island fresh air.

Petersburg is homeport to over 500 commercial fishing vessels. It’s common to see many types of boats, such as tugs, small cruise ships, charter boats, salmon trollers, seiners, gillnetters, longliners and crabbers. Petersburg is homeport to one of most productive and diverse commercial fishing fleets in Alaska, and location of three major seafood processing plants, and several small custom processors. On average, over 70 million pounds of fish and shellfish crosses the dock in Petersburg each year, making Petersburg one of the nation’s top ports as well. In 2011, 101 million pounds of fish and shellfish passed through Petersburg, with a dockside value of $65 million. So Petersburg ranked as 13th in the nation in terms of the value of its catches in 2011. Still a fishing town, they process over a million pounds of fish and shellfish a year and are the 15th-most lucrative fisheries port in the United States by volume. While there is a vibrant salmon troll and gillnet fleet, as well as participants in the dungeness crab and dive fisheries, the main producers in Petersburg are the 58-foot limit 'seiners'. These 58-footers harvest salmon, halibut, black cod, king, tanner crab, and herring. Many of them travel west to trawl, longline and pot cod in the western Gulf of Alaska and the Bering Sea. Currently making a comeback in the worldwide salmon markets, the 58-foot fleet now boasts crew jobs that can approach six figures. The sustainability of all commercially harvested resources has been a trademark of the fisheries participated in by Petersburg fishermen. Petersburg Vessel Owners Association, resurrected by Gordon Jensen in the 1980s, is the lead association that ensures that all seafood harvested by the Petersburg fleet is done so in a sustainable manner, consistent with the conservation principles embodied in the state of Alaska constitution.

Price & Taste point : 1. Alaska salmon fisheries look to be in more and more trouble over the long-term, and 2. Farmed salmon tastes better in blind-tasting contest than Wild so it won “hands down.” Alaska Salmon was a $2 to $3 dollar per pound commodity in the 1980s ($4 to $6 when corrected for inflation)Bristol Bay sockeye is today a $1 per pound commodity, and there is no sign the pricing is going to get much better. It could actually get worse. Bristol Bay, which produces the bulk of Alaska’s high-value sockeye, saw a peak price of $2.11 per pound in 1988. Adjusted for inflation, that fish would be worth about $4.50 per pound in 2017 dollars. Bristol Bay fishermen would be happy to get a quarter of that in the year 2017 (!) There are now more losers than winners in the Alaska fishing industry, and that is only likely to get worse going forward. Alaska sockeye are trading today for between $1.00 and $1.50 per pound. To make up for the comparatively low prices paid for Alaska salmon both Professionals and Hobbyists harvest the maximum number of fish going forward, and Seiners can earn profits that way in Prince William Sound and Southeast Alaska, but even there it has proven difficult. Alaska pink salmon prices averaged 25 cents per pound last year, according to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, and at that price a fisherman has to catch a lot of pinks to make fishing pay. Alaska struggles to maintain commercial productivity in its most-valuable, wild-salmon fisheries,  competition in the fish market is looming on every horizon also since Land-based salmon farms are popping up in odd places across the U.S. we note here that Norwegian salmon are bringing $3.15 to $3.17 per pound at the farm. Part of the reason the price isn’t higher in Alaska is that the price to fishermen get doesn’t reflect the high costs of processing and transportation. Another key matter is that Julie Corliss, executive editor of the Harvard Health Letter writes «I can often find farm-raised Atlantic salmon for about $6.99 a pound, while the wild-caught salmon may be nearly twice as expensive,» «Salmon and other fatty fish are the main dietary source for omega-3 fatty acids, which are known to lower the risk of heart disease.» The Washington Post subsequently taste-tested farmed versus wild. «Read a story about salmon, and the odds are good that, somewhere, it’ll tell you that wild salmon tastes better than farmed,» the Post’s Tamar Haspel wrote. “But does it? We decided to find out in a blind tasting, and assembled a panel that included noted Washington seafood chefs and a seafood wholesaler. «The judgments were definitive, and surprising. Farmed salmon beat wild salmon, hands down.” Farmed salmon didn’t just win; it won “hands down.” You heard it right, the actual US consumer experience is the exact opposite of the longheld myth! After conducting a blind taste test of farmed and wild salmon in 2013, the Washington Post reported the farmed fish won “hands down.’‘ The top-rated fish product Atlantic salmon from Norway (!) came from Costco and Trader Joe’s retail stores who identified it but did not disclose the fish suppliers. Lastly, it’s also a rather thought-provoking fact that there was a 2004 report 170-pages long full of charts that show farmed salmon production costs and global salmon prices trending steadily downward for two decades. The University of Alaska Institute of Social and Economic Research economist Gunnar Knapp in his 2004 report observed that the «costs of farming, processing and distributing Chilean coho salmon to the Japanese wholesale market are about $1.63, and that future costs are likely to stay at about this level».

Most halibut eaten on the East Coast of the United States is from the Pacific. As of 2008 the Atlantic population was so depleted through overfishing that it might be declared an endangered species. In Canadian and US waters, long-line fishing predominates, using chunks of octopus ("devilfish") or other bait on circle hooks attached at regular intervals to a weighted line that can extend for several miles across the bottom. The fishing vessel retrieves the line after several hours to a day. The North Pacific commercial halibut fishery is today one of the region's largest and most lucrative. Concerning Gillnetting of Salmon, Immigrant fishermen from northern Europe and the Mediterranean brought a number of different adaptations of the gillnetting technology from their respective homelands with them to the rapidly expanding salmon fisheries of the Columbia River from the 1860s onward. The boats used by these fisherman were typically around 25 feet (8 m) long and powered by oars. Many of these boats also had small sails and were called "row-sail" boats. At the beginning of the 1900s, steam powered ships would haul these smaller boats to their fishing grounds and retrieve them at the end of each day. However, at that time gas powered boats were beginning to make their appearance, and by the 1930s, the row-sail boat had virtually disappeared, except in Bristol Bay, Alaska, where motors were prohibited in the gillnet fishery by territorial law until 1951.

Size-at-Age for Alaska Salmon and for Halibut : Chinook are the big king salmon which made the Kenai River famous. Thirty-three years ago as of Thursday, the late Les Anderson pulled the 97-pound, 4-ounce world record from the Kenai. In the years that immediately followed, many speculated the Kenai would one day produce a 100-pound king. That speculation ended long ago. The big kings started disappearing from the Kenai in the late 1990s. Since 2003, the biggest fish on record is an 80 pounder. Over the last nine years, only one state-certified Kenai trophy king has been caught. It weighed 71.1 pounds. Concerning big-size Halibut catches we note this for 2016 : "That's definitely the biggest we ever got," Mattson says. "We've had them in the low 300's, high 200's, but this is definitely, for Doug and I both, the biggest we have ever seen since we've been fishing." "It's been a long time since we've seen a fish that large," says Patrick Wilson, PFI plant manager. "It's a rare occasion when you see a fish that big, no question, and it's been many years." The Petersburg fishermen Brian Mattson and Doug Corl have fished together for almost two decades, and in 2016 on an August Saturday the local fishermen hooked a monster Halibut. The fish ended up weighing just over 395 pounds on the scales at PFI in Petersburg. Big fish bring more money per pound, and the catch was worth about $2,700, Wilson says. The record Halibut is shown uppermost left in the previous picture.

2018 : The Modern Fish Act plus the 2018-2022 strategic plan President Donald Trump signed into law the Modern Fish Act. Signed into law on the last day of 2018, the Modern Fish Act will address issues by creating a comprehensive package of regulations specifically aimed at adapting a federal system focused solely on commercial fishing to now meet the needs of the nation’s 11 million saltwater anglers. A recap on Alaska’s Fisheries key regulations and laws up to 2018 follows here then : Petersburg Vessel Owners Association, resurrected by Gordon Jensen in the 1980s, is the lead association that ensures that all seafood harvested by the Petersburg fleet is done so in a sustainable manner, consistent with the conservation principles embodied in the state of Alaska constitution. Alaska banned fish farming (net-penned) about three decades ago, but it jumped heavily into ocean-ranching. Today it’s modern free-range hatchery salmon,  marketed as “Alaska wild,” have become a key part of the Alaska commercial fishing industry. The Technology revolution is thus now trending to transform the fishing business the way it transformed the cattle business, in such a way that the cowboys of the sea are being replaced by the farmers of the bays much as happened on land. The Alaska Board of Fisheries largely regulates the state’s valuable salmon fisheries with little thought as to where and how salmon harvests produce the biggest, economic return to the state.  The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in 2011 organized a $13 million plan to buy back about 15 percent of Southeast seine permits.  The buyback reduced to about 315 the number of seine permits in the region. That now appears to be about the number of commercial seiners the Panhandle can support.  The North Pacific Fisheries Management Council NPFMC, is today a commercial-fishing dominated entity that sets fishing regulations for the U.S. government’s  “exclusive economic zone (EEZ)” from three- to 200-miles off Alaska’s coast.  The Magnuson-Stevens Act was enacted to push foreign fishing fleets far from U.S. shores and help restore overfished offshore resources. It largely worked on both accounts, at least in Alaska. The offshore fisheries changed “from being almost exclusively foreign prior to 1976, to being almost entirely joint venture by the mid-1980s, and to fully domestic by 1990,” notes University of Alaska Fairbanks Salmon canneries in Southeast Alaska, here photos of many in Petersburg : The commercial salmon canneries had their main origins in California, and in the northwest of the US, particularly on the Columbia River. They were never important on the US Atlantic Coast, but by the 1940s, the principal canneries had shifted to Alaska. Salmon was first sealed tin canned in 1839 at Saint John, New Brunswick. The salmon cannery industry spread in 1878 to Alaska, with a cannery on the Prince of Wales Island. A salmon cannery commercially cans salmon, and it’s a fish-processing industry that became established on the Pacific coast of North America during the 19th century, and subsequently expanded to other parts of the world that had easy access to salmon.

Downmost right in the photo above you see a Portrait of Petersburg pioneers. The man on the left is Christian Henrik Buschmann, P.T. Buschmann's oldest son and first superintendent at Petersburg cannery about 1898 or 1899. In the middle is Arne Thormodsater, storekeeper; and at right is Ludvig Larson, bookkeeper. A.B. Peter Thams Buschmann is the founder for whom the town is named.

Peter Buschmann (not shown in photos above, his son though uppermost right) from Norway settled in Petersburg AK in the nineteenth century, building a cannery, sawmill, docks and early structures. The settlement was named Petersburg after him, and it flourished as a fishing port also because icebergs from the nearby LeConte Glacier provided a source for cooling fish. Robert M. Thorstenson, Sr (1931–2009) , grandson of Icelandic immigrants, was the leader of the group who founded Icicle Seafoods in Petersburg 1965. He was executive director of the Southeast Alaska Seiners Association, and he was very active in fisheries politics, serving four presidents on the International Pacific Fisheries Commission during the time the 200-mile limit was instituted. In his later years, he was active as the premier fishery historian for Alaska and the Pacific Northwest. After that we note that Robert M. Thorstensen Jr. was is executive director of the Southeast Alaska Seiners Association. Robert Jr was also nominated for service on the Pacific Salmon Commission’s Northern Panel as a public member with experience in salmon fisheries. Today we see that the Juneau seiner Bob Thorstenson Jr. works as the Southeast Alaska Seiners Association executive director. 

Alaska wild salmon fisheries at their best produce about 250,000 metric tons, and most of this tends to be low-value pink salmon.  Alaska needs to find ways to encourage innovation in the commercial fishing industry to head off declines in a struggling, one-time mainstay of the state economy, the former director of the University of Alaska Anchorage’s Institute on Social and Economic Research (ISER) is warning. It’s not a pretty picture. The Alaska commercial fishing industry is likely to see continued price stagnation, even as inflation slowly grinds on. Couple this with ever-increasing competition in high-end markets as farmed-fish quality continues to improve, toss in the natural limits capping wild salmon production, and it would appear to be inevitable that Alaska commercial fishing businesses appear fall victim to challenging market conditions. The Alaska salmon industry clearly needs to change to succeed in the market of tomorrow, but the industry is controlled by vested interests that naturally don’t want to change.

See the village Fevåg in this picture also from the old days 50 years back and also in the middle 100 years back! Lowermost you see the mountain fortress Brettingen towering over Fevåg with todays majestetic outlook south to Hitra and Kristiansund, and just be starstruck y’all of todays Northern Lights above Fevåg Ørland and much of the Fosen region that can be seen just 300 meters up there. Nowadays in 2019 the Herring fish is caught far outside the Stjørnfjorden in large quantities again. In 2008 fishermen on a ship told that they had been fishing in Nordfjorden at Råkvåg and took up 192 metric tonnes in one big catch. Today the large catches are being taken with purse seines out in the big Atlantic Ocean, and the ships catches are then delivered for production of herring flour out at start of Trondheimsfjorden at the village Uthaug in Ørland plus at the village Rørvik north at the Roan Osen county in Fosen. The large Trøndelag region has vast fish resources since at Ørland the factories ferment over 90% of all herring that is being consumed in Scandinavia. Norwegian fishermen are today fishing herring in the North Sea and adjacent ocean areas. In 2010 the herring catches were taken all the way from Vestfjorden in Nordland down to the coastline of Trøndelag. The front of the herring migrating population came in 2010 down to the Bua grounds just outside the Møre and Romsdal minicipality then. In the EU area the herring fishing has taken place on the Forty Miles Ground and the Bressay Hole. The fishermen nowadays have challenges in finding harvestable herring in the North Sea, and they are now hoping that the herring population can accumulate in the northern parts of the North Sea. The purse seiner fleet awaits most of its fishing for herring till the autumn starts. So it’s a big relief nowadays that the herring is back again. Still the herring plays a huge and important role in Norway’s Fisheries since it provides large profits to the nation and its people. Still there are much herring in the Stjørnfjorden, and in Nordfjorden they see clear indications on the sonar aboard as well as in some places the bottom of the sea can not be seen on sonar because of all herring passing in a huge column under the boat. Also hobbyist fishers from small boats are today again fishing herring with angling or nets. Many of us from the Strand ancestors avidly remember being part of a great team in a thrilling night at a boat lying standstill tied to its long herring nets, plus the joyous moment early in the morning pulling in the “silvery shining wall” of the herring catch as well as the quite fun and social time afterwords in the morning hours processing and packing the glorious catch :)

In this picture we see a hundred years back the famously admired Fosenbåten at Brekstad, Refsneshagen and Hasselvika as well as we see the Fevåg pier MK Veidar in Lofoten the Smedvik trading shop the boats in Fevåg harbour And lowermost MK Veidar in the Fevåg shipyard Frengen Slip & Motorverksted A/S. Back in the 50’s and 60’s the herring fishing was a fairytale. Enormous quantities of herring came swimming towards the coastline, and the seiners were tightly gathering with purse seines as method. The first time the purse seine was used in Norway was in 1906. Around 1920 it was widely in use as method throughout Norway, since this method caught herring far out in the fjord. Fishermen were no longer dependent on that the herring had to reach the shoreside. There were often delivered large catches to canneries in Råkvåg and Saga in Stjørna plus to the herring flour factories in Lysøysund, Bjugn and Uthaug in Ørland. At around 1900 it was again much herring in all the fjords, and this made it a profitable basis to establish Bjugn Sildoljefabrikk in 1910. Two herring flour factories were built in the Bjugnfjorden, one at the village Vaskarvika and the other one at the village Tinbua. In 1914 the cannery factory Råkvåg Canning was established in Råkvåg, and that cannery was in operation only twenty years time. Råkvåg delivered herring exports to all over Europe.

In this picture starting with Fosenbåten three places on top we else see the village Hasselvika all of the most beautiful fishing village Råkvåg in the picture’s middle and then Saga. Lowermost in the picture we see the villages Tinboden Høybakken and Fevåg. We reckon that the first motorboat came to Trøndelag in 1907, so it came first into use at Vikna, Leka og Nærøy. In a short while more villages acquired motorboats, but its breakthrough came first in the period 1914-1920. In the 60’s the Fisheries changed its nature, from near coast fishing with wooden boats to large steelboats designed for effective ocean fishing. In 1952 it was registered 17 seiner boats in Sør-Trøndelag, a large 7,7% of all Norway’s seiner boats, and in 1960 this had increased to 11,2%. The village Råkvåg itself registered 5-6 seiner bosts, and at that time the central typical type of Fisheries was wintertime purse seining, namely the vintersildfisket (storsildfisket). Furthermore, it was done fishing with purse seines for macquerel in the North Sea and for lodde in the Barents Sea. After some time it was fished empty for herring also in the entire Stjørnfjorden, and the cannery in Råkvåg was moved from the village in the start of the 30’s to Saga/Bjugn/Uthaug. In the 60’s there was a huge recession in the Norway’s fisheries, and then almost all fish reception and processing in Råkvåg was terminated. Due to failing population of herring in the 60’s the herring fisheries was strongly reduced, and the herring fishing was abandoned by law in the 70’s. A total ban on herring fishing was enacted for the coast of Norway, since this Herring fisheries had to be regulated, and the ban was enacted in 1977. Note then that the herring fishing again was approved declared open by law in 1983. Very few carried out fishing on the large fishing grounds, and few conducted fishing in far away ocean waters A large part of the fleet was deemed worn out and not modern enough equipped toolwise methodwise. The entry of huge troller boats plus the combination of purse seiner boats and modern technology contributed heavily to the trend that several fishing types methods disappeared at parts of Norway’s coast. Hence, it was in 60’s 70’s that the trolling boats came throughout Norway.

European immigrants from Norway and Sweden also settled in southeast Alaska, where they entered the fishing and logging industries. Starting in the 1890s and stretching in some places to the early 1910s, gold rushes in Alaska and the nearby Yukon Territory brought thousands of miners and settlers to Alaska. Many of the Norwegian immigrant fishermen who came to fish in the great Columbia River salmon fishery during the second half of the 19th century did so because they had experience in the gillnet fishery for cod in the waters surrounding the Lofoten Islands of northern Norway. The huge fire in Seattle in 1889 laid great parts of the city in ruins, and hence the city had to be rebuilt. That precarious situation led to huge demand for labour and subsequent immigration and new settlement in the city. Amongst these immigrants there were many Norwegians, and in the begining they came from various states in the MidWest. From 1890s till 1930 constantly more Norwegians also immigrated directly from Norway to Seattle. In October 1929 the USA was however hit by the huge economic business downturn called The Great Depression, something which led to unemployment and recession for a long time. In addition came the final quota law in 1929, which only allotted Norway a quota of 2377 immigrants. The consequence of this strict quota was that the immigration from Norway to the USA almost was dead in its tracks after 1930!

NB!! A Must See!! Hear The Atom-Ole or Dynamite-Ole about 1905 !! Senior Citizens of Petersburg Alaska interviewed by famous Mr Erik Bye in 1968, 39 min Norway NRK TV program

NB!! A Must See!! Just DoubleTap Click on the colorized portrait photo above of famously named Mr Atom-Ole or Dynamite-Ole that settled 1905 in Petersburg AK and that worked much in gold and copper mines in Alaska. And yes, Mr Erik Bye interviewed most Petersburg residents in English language since he always was a true and loyal promoter of the Norwegian-American legacy !! After you are satisfied with viewing and hearing this combined American Norwegian language TV film, just there on Norway’s NRK site click on it’s Back arrow and you then return nicely to this page 3 of my «Great Adventures» eBook, and then proceed as you like with more good reading !! Enjoy this y’all !!

https://tv.nrk.no/program/FOLA68000168

Senior Citizens of Petersburg Alaska interviewed by famous Mr Erik Bye in 1968, 39 min Norway NRK TV program

Mr Andrew Twigg : Cruising Canoes - Moira River - Bay of Quinte - Ontario : Cruising Canoes is based in Belleville, Ontario – but our adventures take us all over the province. Andrew Twigg and his guides will take you on an adventure of a lifetime. Our adventures range from backcountry canoe trips, winter camping adventures, local paddles, river runs, snowshoe adventures, and coming soon, pontoon boat tours and history tours! Source: CruisingCanoes.com.

Denver Vail plus Beaver Creek in April 2019 was epic! Highlights of joyful awesome feelings we had were from 1. Skiing the Birds of Prey at Beaver Creek, easy shredding with enough pauses! 2. Skiing down onto the hairy risky Iron Mask black cliff slope in Blue Sky Basin at Vail with almost no warmup time, the steep hill was then very icy lacking new powder snow and hence proved being difficult! 3. Loving hearing a long popconcert with Switchfoot from California at Fillmore Auditorium, 4. Energized feelings in bouldering and rock climbing at Earth Treks Climbing in Englewood, 5. Appreciating a marvellous learning experience in a Company tour at the historic Seattle Fish Company, 6. Loving the feeling of being back in time in the old days hundred years earlier in the famous mining town Leadville near Vail, inside Silver Dollar Saloon the most dangerous salooon in the West, 7. Having laughing fun with Bowling and arcade games at 16th Street Mall, 8. Enjoying the flexibility and comfort of staying nights at nice locations of AirBnB flats with the best relaxation at Vail, 9. Thriving on thrillful tasty Beef/Game/Seafood visits at restaurants The Fort, the ChoLon in LoDo, the BlakeStreet Lantern, the Matsuhisa, the roof-top Edge overlooking Denver, the WhiteBison and SweetBasil, and 10. Two things comes to my mind, the first one is that Sigurd succeeded greatly from start to navigate all the Interstate-highways from Google Maps day night & congested rushhour traffic plus also through all difficult LoDo metro roads anytime we did wanted driving!! Number two anecdote is about all our appreciation of respectful cultural learning in shopping at large malls outlet stores, also of outdoors clothes and all kinds of hunting equipment where also posters signs gave us surprises with our European-like aha’s and genuin understanding of that :)

Also stated in a LinkedIn post : «Great Adventures» eBook, Author Mr Odd Sverre Strand, Sep 2019 published, spanning over 1900-2020! Odd Sverre Strand | 19 Sep 2019

Hi Managing Director Mrs Renate Larsen and Director USA, Global operations Mr Egil Ove Sundheim, The Norwegian Seafood Council, rl@seafood.no

Kindly forward this important email to your Managing Director thank you, I appreciate it as Book Author. Here you find my direct link to my superb and modern fully own eBook named Great Adventures with 2020 status on Western Seafood company strategies and business operations, with basis in hundred years on company stories making it stand out, with embedded antique and modern pictures : https://msha.ke/oddsstrand#recommendations-1

You are also welcome to both confer and share this email and my sincere thank you to all contributing parties and credible information sources that I have availed during the making of this eBook, amongst them The Cooke Seafood corporation, The Icicle Seafoods corporation, The Petersburg Borough, Petersburg Pilot, The Clausen Museum, The TravelAlaska and many many others. Thanks to Seattle Fish Co Denver represented by Mr Erik Floyd and Customer Experience Manager Mr P J Paland plus to President and CEO Mr James Iacino that also reads it now. Also reading it are Presidents for both NACC the Norwegian American Chamber of Commerce at NY and the Sons of Norway Chapter at Petersburg AK as well as the ship owners of MS Veidar. My sincere thanks also goes to CEOs for Cooke Seafood and Icicle Seafoods that are now reading the eBook, and likewise to CEOs for Norway’s MOWI ASA, Salmar ASA, Norway Royal Salmon ASA, The Norway Seafood Council (NSC), The Sjømat Norge, Fosen Yards, the Sjømatbedriftene and the Joint venture Sjømathuset owned by Lerøy Seafood Group ASA having sole customer the Norgesgruppen ASA.

I think you will find this information in this email to you valuable as well as relevant timely and interesting. I highly welcome your contacting me on my oddsverrestrand@icloud.com for your valued comments remarks and ideas you might have pertinent to this valuable modern and superb eBook named Great Adventures on Western Seafood & Fisheries 2020 commercial status.

Kindly note that that my eBook is particularly user friendly in reading on ipad like browsing or simply on a smartphone where pages and pictures may be zoomed up scrolled swiped to right and left, for fullest information and summary possible.

Please enjoy this brief video trailer for my Great Adventures eBook https://instagram.com/p/B14pPjdoQnG/ where this is my Instagram presentation : https://msha.ke/oddsstrand#recommendations-1 Great Adventures eBook, July 2019, Author Mr Odd Sverre Strand, Oslo Norway. Howdy and welcome to enjoy reading this eBook on 100 years of rapid progress of Western Seafood & Fisheries, including US MidWest sales by Denver’s Seattle Fish Company and Seafood wholesale retail sales throughout Norway. A red thread of the eBook is the Settlers stories plus the Ancestry of Strand families Norway-USA-Canada :) My gratitude to contributions by Mr Jon Arnt Strand, Mr Ole Jostein Wilmann and Mrs Anne-Lise Grande Vollan :)

Have a nice day! Ha en fin dag!

I look forward to hearing your respectively improvement comments as Managing Director and Director USA on this matter, if this proves value to you and interests you!

Best regards,
Mr Odd Sverre Strand, Oslo Norway
Author Great Adventures eBook Sep 2019
Oddsverrestrand@icloud.com ,
Cellphone +47 91321770,
Instagram oddsstrand

Curation Publishing Distribution & Reading of «Great Adventures»

Enjoy my Instagram brief video trailer promoting my «Great Adventures» eBook to selected industries corporations shipowners trade-associations institutions NGOs public authorities history-associations digital-museums and newspapers, plus of course to all my relatives in the family tree I administer on MyHeritage.com .

A great many CEO’s and Managers at Seafood production sales and marketing roles and positions have hence received emails or direct messages via Messenger and Instagram with my brief recommendation for them to read and make use of my own published (in Milkshake website) eBook named «Great Adventures». I recommend you here to zoom up and read the above picture to learn about the full distribution of my eBook in Sep 2019 !

Moreover, Just DoubleTap or just Click on the picture above and you are then taken directly to my own Instagram post that informs and promotes Seafood-responsible or generally Seafood-interested people CEO’s Managers to copy-paste-click on the full link to my «Great Adventures» eBook summarising it all on it’s page 3 . After you are satisfied with viewing this Instagram video and following promotion text underneath it, just there on my IG-post just CHANGE SWITCH the open window in order for you to return nicely to your web browser screen back to this page 3 of my «Great Adventures» eBook (Note that if you click on the Back arrow in Instagram that action of yours does not return you to this page 3 NB! ) . Proceed then as you like with more good reading !! Enjoy this y’all !!

Ancestry tree of Mr Anton Edvard Strand og Mr Ole Kristian Kristoffersen Strand, Fevåg in Norway and in the USA 1906-1919 !!

Ancestry tree of Mr Ole Kristian Kristoffersen Strand, Fevåg and the USA

Showcased here is a brief history summary of key developments achieved by the Strand family over a timespan of one hundred years : They three Strand brothers lived and worked in St Petersburg in Alaska in near ten years, these strong men also owned ships and operated fishing large catches in Norway’s coastline even far up North towards the Svalbard islands. Among their children there were two brothers who together owned a brand new steelbuilt Seiner ship which they operated first in Norway’s zones and next in Africa’s zones over a long time greatly skilled. Next the two brothers reinvested their fishing ship into joint ownership in 1973 of a brand new Fish Farm plant for the developed Norwegian Atlantic Salmon. With this company‘s successful growth over the next twenty years they produced Salmon in great annual volumes in tonnes for global exports to all continents, they even manufactured their own smoked salmon products in quality packaging, and they even at a intertwined fish farm plant situated nearby produced their own Salmon fingerling fishes from purchased Salmon eggs. Hence, the two Strand brothers of this contemporary time now in 2021 has a profound knowhow of Fisheries Management progress and Fish Farming progress being performed all over Norway’s zones & borders. Both Strand brothers lives life in Fosen greatly.

Concerning Farming, at 2020 now there exist only four (4) commercially viable plus technologically possible directions or options to go concerning farming of fish at scale, and the four are : Offshore farms, Closed-Pens in seawaters, Deep-Underwater pen systems (Highly automated ones) , and Land-based flow-through aquaculture (FTA)/Land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS).

Concerning your taking due interest in having an overview of todays Know-How on these FOUR TO GO Farming routes directions or options if you like, kindly review more on this fact-based page. Kindly enjoy this author’s summarised and structured facts on this third page for five of Norway’s Farming Concepts, also enjoying all aspects of the Blue Change of Pace 2050 national strategy, which all five 2019 now have applied for Norway’s new Development Licences. These major five unique concepts are respectively AquaStorm, Arctic Offshore Farming, Ocean Farm & Smart Fish Farm, Havfarmen, and Aquatraz !! In a few years this is tough cooperation as well as competition for nations USA & Canada you read relevant facts on here. The fact-based summaries as excerpts from the corporations’ own websites plus from Seafood industries credible magazines and newspapers, they will in entirety on this key page no 4 be translated into English writing asap. Please have a bit patience then on facts in Norwegian!

Product offerings #1 - Salmon price breaking the 5 € barrier in 2019 !

Solutions #1 - Norway’s Development Permits plus Norway’s Siting Strategy on Farming combined with a State-of-the-art Technology per 2020

Look no further than to Norway’s New Strategy ! It’s
Siting Strategy on Farming combined with a State-of-the-art Technology is per 2020 a truly challenging quest for Success ! Norway is a nation that a lot of influential Alaskans see as a leader in the way to get things done in the far north. May many nations also achieve a potential Global win-win situation on coexistence of wild plus farmed salmon ?

Open-ocean fish farms have been touted as one path to greening a business sometimes blamed for polluting protected bays and coves with fish waste. Paying due respect to this issue on in-shore pollution considerations and claims, Norway is primed to solve the challenging siting issue in a major way as regards farming, with a move to Norway’s open ocean as underlined for the strategic initiative by amongst others Mowi Asa.

In addition per 2020, as always before Modern technology is key, and Norway has been at the forefront of technological innovation since the North Sea oil in 1971. Norway is today also kind of the NASA of oceans management and is per 2020 taking what it learned on that plus on the North Sea technology boost, and Norway is thus pro-actively using all this modern oceans management to forcefully propel and accelerate it’s commercial industry on aquaculture and Seafood. Today All of Norway’s advanced offshore oil-and-gas tech is fueling aquaculture tech.

2019 : Norway, ranked as one of the best countries for green living, will further develop the aquaculture industry to churn its economy, sustain the environment and feed the world, the country’s prime minister Erna Solberg said. Norway has also put into action a High-level Panel on Building a Sustainable Ocean Economy, chaired by Erna Solberg. This panel is made up of heads of state and government from a broad range of coastal states, including developing countries. Solberg said her country needs to develop an aquaculture industry that can deliver food and economic values within an acceptable footprint. “I want to share Norway’s experience of combining conservation and use of marine resources. Norway has considerable expertise on ocean issues, which means that we can make an important contribution in this area. Our expertise is in demand internationally.”

2019 Law changes in Canada and USA influence and impact new 2019-2020 Norway workprocedures organisational structure permits licences penalties permit withdrawals regulations and even new laws, as well as vice versa !! See fact-based details on Canada US impacts in related themes on this page!

The Newfoundland and Labrador's minister of fisheries Mr Gerry Byrne referred to that the world aquaculture leader Norway recently approved licences for 20,000 tonnes of sea-based salmon farming. Byrne said 95,000 tonnes of farmed Atlantic salmon is produced in B.C., while just 25,000 tonnes is produced in Newfoundland and Labrador. In October 2019 Mr Gerry Byrne, the Newfoundland and Labrador's minister of fisheries is extending an invitation to aquaculture companies feeling squeezed in British Columbia. Look east, says Gerry Byrne. «Newfoundland and Labrador is a place where much of that salmon production should consider to locate," Byrne told CBC News. Byrne also stated ; «If a company were to want to establish further operations here … we suspect that we in Newfoundland and Labrador have become a very attractive climate for investment." Byrne said Canada’s federal government has signalled its support for the farming industry by partnering with major projects like the $250-million Grieg NL development in Placentia Bay, which will include the largest fish hatchery in the world, and a system of sea cages. Byrne said he's not opposed to land-based fish farming. Byrne also stated this ;
"[But] we're reflecting the reality that it is not a proven commercial technology as of yet," he said. "The technology, the science behind it, is not there from a commercial perspective." Byrne was reacting to a campaign promise by his federal Liberal cousins to phase out sea-based open-net pen salmon farming in coastal B.C. waters by 2025. The Liberals want to transition the West Coast industry to land-based closed-containment systems !!

2019 : Norway’s four 4 concrete new countermeasures for salmon escapes

Norway’s industry association Sjømatbedriftene, with its CEO Robert Eriksson, has early October 2019 established four 4 concrete new countermeasures for salmon escapes, which have been presented to the Minister for Seafood and Fisheries, Harald Tom Nesvik. In this way Norway’s farmers can be secured improvements in planning and correct work procedures in one’s organisation.

1. Establish clear competency requirements
2. Enforce greater responsibility on the farming companies to recapture escaped fish
3. Stop the permit granting (Licence or Concession) for farming companies that has incurred repeated fish escapes during the last two years
4. Mandatory enforcement of reduction in production (volumes) for farming companies that conciously evades to file a report on fish escapes.

2019 Kongsberg states that offshore fish farming is a paradigm shift !

Norway’s Kongsberg Group has labeled the latest in offshore fish farming a paradigm shift. Kongsberg was involved in developing some of the technology said to make the now operational high-tech ocean ranch Ocean 1 outside Middle Norway, where it is owned and operated by Norway’s another huge corporation the Salmar AS, a fully automated facility that allows 3 or 4 people to «cultivate» up to 1.5 million fish per year.

Challenges have been met and a large proportion of these are solved, using research based knowledge production,” said the prime minister Erna Solberg.
But there were challenges ahead, especially over the environment, feed production and fish welfare, she argued.
“There are conflicts associated with coastal fishing, wildlife interests, conservation interests, outdoor life and tourism that affect access to the farm areas and, not least, the acceptance of the industry’s environmental impact.
“We need to further develop an aquaculture industry that can deliver food and economic values within an acceptable footprint,” said the prime minister. “The oceans have huge potential when it comes to meeting the world’s need for resources and creating jobs and economic and social development. We will not be able to realise this potential without sustainable growth in ocean-based industries,” said Solberg.
“The growing global population means that the world needs more resources and services from the oceans, such as food, energy, medicines, minerals and transport. The intention behind this initiative is to increase international awareness of the fact that sustainable use of the oceans and the maintenance of good environmental status can lead to significant value creation, and can enable us to meet some of the world’s most vital needs in the years to come.

2019 Norwegian Salmon farmers are already approaching the objective on « Fully-automated seafood processing & distribution» which brings with it significant cost savings.

Gunnar Knapp, Professor Emeritus of Economics University of Alaska, Anchorage has written a key report titled The Future of the Seafood Industry. An excerpt from this report is presented here.
“We can’t predict – or maybe even imagine – the changes technological innovation may bring,” Knapp warned. “Self-driving smart fishing gear? Integrated algae-based open ocean aquaculture? Fully-automated seafood processing & distribution?” In particular, Norwegian Salmon farmers are already approaching the latter objective, which brings with it significant cost savings. «Aquaculture will be more able to take advantage of technology than wild fisheries,» he warned in a Power Point presentation aptly titled “The Future of the Seafood Industry.”  Farmers are likely to dictate markets going forward with two-thirds of global seafood consumption expected to be farmed fish by 2030

2019 Remember todays grand importance of MSC-certified Seafood and noteworthy the brand new established 2019 UK certification of Fishmongers, all coupled with the new importance of Sustainability Conscious Chefs and Consumers. Other central buzz words concerning Farmed fish in particular today near 2020 are these; Sustainable Salmon products, Arctic Farming (Norway Royal Salmon AS), Smart Fish Farm, note it’s dwarfing Ocean Farm 1 & 2, (Salmar AS), Ocean Farming (Salmar AS), Exposed Seawaters Farming generally speaking, plus amongst gold standard terms also here Landbased Farms (Large-Scale-Basis) !!

Applications 2019 : Norway’s Development Permits - Utviklingstillatelser - Norway’s Offshore-Inshore Regulations - Part 1 :

The realization of Development Licences

“It’s pleasing to see that the rules on development licenses are now beginning to materialize. Today November 1st 2018 was the opening shot in the building of Nordlaks’s Havfarmen, one of many projects that’ll contribute to giving Norwegian aquaculture new technology, new knowledge and a development of the rulebook. All of this is important to a continued increase in value-creation and the increased significance of the aquaculture industry for the welfare of Norway and especially for value-creation along the coast,” Norway’s Deputy Fisheries Minister, Roy Angelvik said.

Reflections on the Development Licences

We need to talk a little about offshore salmon farming. Land-based farming has long been the topic of discussion, along with the threats and potential that exist there, while offshore has to some extent slipped under the radar just lately.
This hasn’t happened intentionally. What with offshore having been granted no less than 38 Norwegian development licenses; no other branch of technology has harvested a richer haul from the ongoing innovation project of Prime Minister Solberg’s government.

In open sea & Potential for flagging out.

1. Scale is the focal point for both SalMar and Nordlaks; not forgetting Norway Royal Salmon. They are building giant steel installations. It’s costly to build for an ocean location, the structures must be dimensioned for extreme wind and wave conditions.
2. The Technological Know-How resulting from the realization of the Development Licences can next give value by easily being exported to other national markets and industries
3. Possibilities first emerge once one ventures out to open sea. In the same way, as for land-based complexes – when flagging out.

Firstly, Scale is the focal point since it is costly to build for an ocean location, the structures must be dimensioned for extreme wind and wave conditions. The greatest corporations are thus literally going underneath the bad weather problem – by enabling the submersion of the installation when storms approach. Where there’s a will, there’s a way. Problems are there to be solved.

Secondly, anyone who knows the market for oil rigs, knows these rigs can also be supplied for the category “Harsh weather conditions”. Offshore fish farming is already underway several places in the world, but not to any great extent for salmon. Take for example Hawaii and Japan, where there are production sites containing tropical fish. There they are also focused on dealing with weather conditions that make North sea autumn storms sound like a mild summer breeze. Cyclones are probably the biggest risk for offshore farming in Asia.

Thirdly, if you are able to choose, and that option is available here, it is more rational to produce fish close to the markets that pay the best prices. Markets that must include air freight costs in their pricing calculations. North America, South Africa or East Asia come to mind immediately. They are all markets with suitably temperate sea temperatures and limited competition from regional fish farming operations – and not least important – they are not encumbered with license price tags in the region of EUR 20 million per piece.

Aslak Berge in SalmonBusiness furthermore states this; I’m taking for granted that the boards of directors for SalMar and Nordlaks, as with any others who are studying how to approach this problem, have not discussed exclusively the potential for semi-exposed offshore farming in the skerries at Frøya or Hadseløya. I’m certain they visualise farming taking place in open seas, and thus, also on other continents than Europe.

Flagging out and development of new production regions is something that will be difficult to impose limits on. Advances in salmon farming won’t come to a halt, even if some of the production nations may choose to no longer join in on the growth carousel. Flagging out is naturally not in Norway’s, nor Chile’s (for that matter), national interests. But this is no prestigious international championship. Capital goes where it gets its best returns. It sees only a limitless horizon.

Realization all Yes & No 2019 : Norway’s Development Permits - Utviklingstillatelser - Norway’s Offshore-Inshore Regulations - Part 2 :

Økende interesse for offshore havbruk, førte til at Nærings- og fiskeridepartementet opprettet en så kalt interdepartemental arbeidsgruppe for å legge til rette for offshore havbruk. I dag ligger de fleste oppdrettsanleggene i nærheten av land. Teknologiutviklingen i havbruksnæringen og miljøutfordringer i tradisjonelle oppdrettsområder gjør at stadig flere havbruksaktører viser interesse for havbruk lengre til havs enn det som er vanlig i dag. Utviklingstillatelsene er særtillatelser som kan tildeles prosjekter som innebærer betydelig innovasjon og betydelige investeringer. Formålet er å legge til rette for utvikling av teknologi som kan bidra til å løse en eller flere av de miljø- og arealutfordringene som akvakulturnæringen står overfor. Teknologien som blir utviklet i prosjektene skal deles slik at den kommer hele næringen til gode.
Som følge av utviklingstillatelsene som er gjennomført, ser vi at vi går lengre og lengre ut i havet. Det er omsøkt utviklingstillatelser tilsvarende nær 90 prosent av dagens totale norske lakseproduksjon – uten av det får finansanalytikere til å bli bekymret for tilbudssiden. Ifølge analytikerne så får de fleste nok avslag, og det er uansett lenge til eventuell vekst kommer. Fiskeridirektoratet sier nei til kjent, etablert teknologi, Og de kan heller ikke si ja til for like prosjekter. Flertallet av avslagene som er gitt så langt er begrunnet i at konseptene ikke oppfyller kravene til «betydelig innovasjon». Totalt kom det inn 104 ulike søknader om totalt 898 tillatelser. Flere selskaper leverte mer enn én søknad. Søknadene ble løpende behandlet. Per mai 2019 med MOWI sin søknad er altså de to siste av de 104 søknadene som kom inn ferdig behandlet av Fiskeridirektoratet. Åtte har fått beskjed om at de faller innenfor ordningen, men her pågår det fremdeles avklaringer. Elleve har fått tilsagn, mens 85 har fått avslag. Per november 2018 var det åtte Utviklingstillatelse prosjekter som fikk ja, og 57 som fikk nei !! Av søknadene som er blitt behandlet så langt, har de fleste fått avslag og/eller avkortet antall innvilgede tillatelser !!

For utviklingstillatelsene tar FiskeriDirektoratet utgangspunkt i Statistisk sentralbyrås (SSB) sin definisjon for utviklingsarbeid, som lyder slik:
«Utviklingsarbeid er systematisk virksomhet som anvender eksisterende kunnskap fra forskning eller praktisk erfaring, og som er rettet mot: å fremstille nye eller vesentlig forbedrede materiale, produkter eller innretninger».
Aktører hevder at om innovasjon hadde vært inkludert, kunne dette gitt andre utslag. Advokat Thomas Andreassen mener Fiskeridirektoratet har tolket innovasjon for snevert i sin tildeling.
I prinsippet er det fire mulige retninger å gå: Offshore, lukkede merder, på land eller dypere under vann. Av de 15 selskapene som det er avklart skal få tilsagn, er ti blant de 20 største oppdretterne i Norge. Aktører sier det kan synes å være en preferanse mot offshore og semilukkede anlegg. Så langt er det 37 tillatelser til prosjekter som sikter seg på offshore produksjon og 21 tillatelser til semilukkede anlegg.

Interessen øker for offshore havbruk, samt at regelverk og Akvakulturloven ikke er tilpasset slik drift. Nærings- og fiskeridepartementet oppretter derfor nå en interdepartemental arbeidsgruppe for å legge til rette for offshore havbruk. En ny rapport skal identifisere behov for endringer i regelverket for å legge best mulig til rette for utvikling av havbruk til havs. Den peker på eksisterende og eventuelt fremtidige utfordringer med dobbeltregulering og/eller mangler i regelverket. I rapporten vurderes blant annet hvordan areal til offshore havbruk kan settes av, hvordan tillatelser kan tildeles, hva slags type driftsregler som må på plass, regelverk knyttet til helse, miljø og sikkerhet og utviklingstillatelser.

Product offerings #2 - «Wild Alaskan» Salmon is largely «Farmed» (!) states report PLUS the «Bluehouse» in Florida RAS-Challenge by the Atlantic Sapphire corporation - referring to Gunnar Knapp.

Challenge #1 - Sustainably Salmon - Sustainably Seafood is gaining influence with consumers :

Sustainably Salmon : Sustainably Seafood is gaining influence with consumers

Remember todays grand importance of MSC-certified Seafood and noteworthy the brand new established 2019 UK certification of Fishmongers, all coupled with the new importance of Sustainability Conscious Chefs and Consumers.

Two out of three (66 percent) consumers will pay more for sustainable products or brands who commit to sustainability, according to Jean-Jacques Vandenheede retail director at the Nielsen Company, Belgium. The research found the main driver for people buying seafood is firstly that it comes from a brand or company that is trusted. Then came health benefits, freshness, but after these the research found 45 percent of consumers want to buy from a company known for being environmentally friendly. Additionally, 43 percent want to know the product is from a company known for its commitment to social values.

"So consumers care and will pay extra for sustainability and for products and services that come from companies who are committed to positive social and environmental impact," said Vandenheede. In addition, 42 percent of global consumers want more new products in the market that are socially responsible and environmentally friendly. And companies are responding, said Vandenheede.

"Globally the number of concepts with sustainable claims tested are growing – 7 percent of all concepts tested have sustainable positioning, up 3 percent.” Brands that commit to sustainability are outperforming their counterparts who do not and are seeing 4 percent greater sales as a result.
“Consumers more than care, it’s an expectation,” Vandenheede said.

Farmed Salmon won “hands down.’‘ over Wild Salmon in a 2013 US blind taste test

After conducting a blind taste test of farmed and wild salmon in 2013, the Washington Post reported the farmed fish won “hands down.’‘ The top-rated fish product Atlantic salmon from Norway came from Costco and Trader Joe’s retail stores who identified it but did not disclose the fish suppliers.
«Salmon and other fatty fish are the main dietary source for omega-3 fatty acids, which are known to lower the risk of heart disease.» The Washington Post subsequently taste-tested farmed versus wild. «Read a story about salmon, and the odds are good that, somewhere, it’ll tell you that wild salmon tastes better than farmed,» the Post’s Tamar Haspel wrote. “But does it? Washington Post decided to find out in a blind tasting, and assembled a panel that included noted Washington seafood chefs and a seafood wholesaler. «The judgments were definitive, and surprising. Farmed salmon beat wild salmon, hands down.”

There are two Japanese words for the term salmon:

’sake 鮭’ and ’saamon サーモン’. For centuries, sake has been a part of the Japanese diet and it is often fried before it is consumed. Coho, chum and sockeye/red salmon are in the sake category. These species are known as Pacific salmon in Norwegian. Sake, or Pacific salmon, makes up 70% of the salmon supply to Japan.
Japan also differs from a number of other markets in the salmon category. Salmon doesn’t just consist of “salmon” in Japan – it includes (primarily) coho, chum, Atlantic salmon, trout and sockeye/red salmon.

The other category, ’saamon’, which includes Atlantic salmon and trout, has been on the Japanese market for less than three decades. These species differ from sake in that they are consumed raw, eaten fresh and are usually referred to as ’nama’ salmon.

As a general rule, sake is used in Japanese cooking, while saamon is a popular choice for sushi/sashimi or western food. In fact, many Japanese consumers aren’t really aware of the fact that there is a difference in usage.

The consumption of seafood in Japan is linked to taste and the health benefits of seafood, without eating it purely out of duty. For a number of years, the Japanese have mentioned convenience – fast and easy availability – as an increasingly important factor when choosing seafood. At the same time, we are facing a new trend in relation to the environment and sustainability, which is becoming visibly more important for the Japanese in their choice of seafood.

Mowi ranked most sustainable protein producer

Mowi is on top of the Coller FAIRR Protein Index, which ranks the world’s largest listed protein producers on sustainability. The Coller FAIRR Index ranks the largest global meat, dairy and fish producers by looking at risk factors from use of antibiotics to deforestation and labour abuses. The Index is the world’s only benchmark dedicated.

Norwegian Salmon, Safe to Consume Raw:

The Norwegian Salmon is Exempt from the freezing requirement for fish (U.S. Food Code section 3-402.11) because it is an aquaculture fish, raised in net pens in open water and fed formulated feed. Norwegian Salmon are sustainably raised and cared for under strict, nationally regulated. Sustainably farmed Norwegian Salmon delivers a clean taste and texture that comes from a slow, natural growth process and exceptional regulations to ensure safety. Norwegian ocean-farmed salmon are raised in pens in the cold, clear waters of Norway. The Norwegian Salmon is farmed by the world’s foremost and most-innovative aquaculture industry. Per 2020 all kinds of refined Seafood products are sold also retail globally, where newest examples are the Aurora salmon from North Norway and Nama Salmon and Poke Salmon and raw Salmon Sushi in ready-made portions. Note that the well-reputed «saamon» Atlantic salmon product from Norway’s farmers has been on the Japanese market a few years now, where it is consumed raw, eaten fresh and are usually referred to as «NAMA» salmon.

Alaska’s ocean-ranched free-range hatchery salmon is also marketed as «Alaska wild». Alaska is farming Chinook salmon – kings to almost everyone in Alaska – which have been recognised by world-renowned Monterey Bay Aquarium.

The Monterey Bay Aquarium has named New Zealand King Salmon the world’s most environmentally sustainable farmed salmon,”

A landbased salmon-raising fish farm in Wisconsin is just now going operational, namely Superior Fresh, and the COO Brandon Gottsacker states this. “We are raising the most premium salmon in the world,” «The pristine water and the absence of antibiotics or pesticides, is something today’s consumers are demanding.”

The Alaska salmon farmers, some of whom are connected to the same processors the state is helping fund, are also trying to push their product. The state of Alaska is now helping Alaska fish processors based in Washington state fund a multi-million dollar public relations and advertising campaign to sell Americans on the idea Alaska wild salmon is better than farmed salmon. The idea is to attract a premium price for Alaska wild salmon in a market where Alaska salmon have become a minority player.

2019 : British Columbia - Canada , «No way forward other than wild and farm-raised salmon co-existing»

One of the major misconceptions of the salmon farming sector is that it does not care or think about the state of wild salmon and the environment. However, science has repeatedly told us that
wild and farm-raised fish populations can co-exist in the ocean and salmon farming actually plays a crucial role in protecting wild fish by providing a sustainable alternative.

Given growing global populations, the diminishing of our ability to grow food on land for the decades to come, and the nutritional value of fish from our oceans (wild and farm-raised) there is no way forward other than wild and farm-raised salmon co-existing.

“Well, my definition of success is to get people coming to the conclusion that when they put farmed fish on their dinner table it is a healthy thing to do, and a good thing to do for preserving wild salmon. If we can get more people to feel that way then we have more opportunities to grow more partnerships — with more First Nations, with more community groups and more consumers.  It would also mean more science and more innovation can be funded to always stay on top of issues, because we do work in a natural environment and there is still so much to learn. We can do all these things if more people begin to equate our farmed salmon as essential to wild salmon conservation.”

Source :
https://seawestnews.com/opening-up-minds-about-aquaculture-in-2019%EF%BB%BF/amp/

The new Northwest Pacific Aquaculture Alliance.

A proponent of moving the aquaculture narrative from “conflict to conversation”, Fraser said the cross-border alliance can be an effective pedestal to showcase “the story of just how important and progressive this industry is.”
“Aquaculture is an important, responsible industry helping feed a hungry world while protecting wild populations from overfishing by providing a sustainably-raised alternative. Every salmon raised on a farm is one less wild salmon caught and eaten,” he said.

“The reality is the science tells us B.C.’s salmon farms are not harming populations of wild salmon, but supporting them. We need to tell that story.”

Source :
https://seawestnews.com/opening-up-minds-about-aquaculture-in-2019%EF%BB%BF/amp/

I am pleased to present the BC Salmon Farmers Association 2018 Sustainability Progress Report, the fourth annual production of this document.
Source :
http://bcsalmonfarmers.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/BCSFA_2018_Sustainability-Progress-Report_WEBCOPY.pdf

Moving sustainabilty from niche to norm, by WWF

Whatever's sustainable today won’t be tomorrow and we’re dealing with issues of scale and speed people just haven’t taken into account yet, said Jason Clay, director of WWF in the USA. But sustainability is not about maximizing one thing but optimizing several things. But ultimately, sustainability in 20th century is a precompetitive issue, said Clay, an approach of working together is fundamental and “we must move sustainability from niche to norm.”

By 2050 there will be many more people consuming twice as much so we need to figure this out, said Clay. Aquaculture has surpassed wild catch already and recently surpassed beef production as well. “Every kilo of every food product that we use has to be produced with 62 percent less resources,” he said. «It is time to wake up to the fact that production of food is the biggest threat to the planet… we need to work out how to produce the same amount of food in next 40 years for next 8,000 so we need to intensify production more sustainably.»

And aquaculture is where we are going to get increased production. We can get an extra 10-20 million metric tons from improved management and 20-25 million metric tons by reducing waste in seafood. Aquaculture also has to grow more than 5 percent for next 16 years. Around 52 percent of seafood is wasted either through by-catch, inefficient processing – many different things, but essentially it is all food waste. «The focus has to be on productivity, efficiency and waste and consumption,» said Clay. Fisheries must be rebuilt through fisheries improvement projects, for example, and the industry must find ways to use fishmeal and fishoil more efficiently and produce it more sustainably. «Fishmeal and fishoil is the only limiting factor to expand aquaculture,» said Clay. And then there is climate change and numerous issues with illegality, IUU fishing for example.

Solutions #2 - Seafood industry value in World and Alaska USA and BC Canada (Ref also Mr Gunnar Knapp) PLUS the new US strategic initiatives on Offshore Farms and RAS Landbased Farms ... PLUS What is Farmed Salmon vs Ocean Ranching by definition?

Solutions #2 - Seafood industry value in World and Alaska USA and BC Canada !!!

Value of the World Seafood industry :

Salmon farmers globally today control 70 percent of the salmon market !!!

“In 1980, total world salmon supply was less than 550,000 tons, of which 98 percent was wild,” he wrote in a 2004 report. “By 2001 world supply had more than quadrupled to more than 2.2 million tons, 62 percent of which was farmed.” Salmon aquaculture is the fastest growing food production system in the world, and Salmon farmers already control 70 percent of the salmon market, according to the World Wildlife Fund. Salmon consumption worldwide is also three times higher than it was in 1980.
The percentage of farmed salmon in the marketplace is now up over 70 percent, according to the World Wildlife Fund, and steadily growing thanks to projects like that Atlantic Sapphire in Florida.
Although salmon is very popular among Americans — as of 2015, the total supply of salmon to the U.S. was 1.8 billion pounds, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration — about 70% of the fish is farmed.

In addition for you to be fully Fact-based on also future status of the Seafood industries, kindly read more on the top scientific website https://gunnarknapp.com/ about key professional presentations at conferences by Mr Gunnar Knapp, Professor Emeritus of Economics, University of Alaska Anchorage, Institute of Social and Economic Research
Gunnar.Knapp@gmail.com

On the website https://gunnarknapp.com/You find these two goodreads :

Alaska Seafood Industry
“Globalization, Salmon Farming, and the Future of the Alaska Salmon Industry” Revisited.  I gave this short talk, reflecting on a presentation I had given in 2002, for the Alaska World Affairs Council on November 2, 2018.

The Future of the Seafood Industry. I gave this presentation at the 2018 meeting of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), on July 20, 2018 in Seattle, Washington.

Value of the Alaska Seafood industry :

$5 billion annually Value - The Alaska seafood industry is producing more than $5 billion in economic activity in Alaska every year. 

“Between 1978 and 2003, the Bristol Bay sockeye harvest averaged 62,000 metric tons (mt), and ranged from a low of 26,000 mt to a high of 110,000 mt,” according to a report written by Alaska fisheries economist Gunnar Knapp, who first started warning about the farmed fish challenge to Alaska salmon more than a decade ago. Atlantic  Sapphire’s start-up production of 10,000 tons will about equal the average sockeye salmon harvest in Cook Inlet, the waterway at the doorstep of the state’s largest city.

Overall, Alaska produces more than 60% of the nation’s commercial fisheries – a vast array of seafood, including all five species of Pacific salmon, four species of crab, Pacific cod, various types of groundfish, shrimp, herring, sablefish (black cod), pollock, and Pacific halibut are all harvested from Alaska. The Alaska salmon fishery, which commercially harvests more than 160 million salmon a year per 2014, has 2014 been re-certified as meeting the Marine Stewardship Council’s environmental standard for sustainable fishing. In 2017 over 200 million salmon were caught in Alaskan waters by commercial fishers, representing $750 million in exvessel value. In 1959, statewide salmon harvests were about 25 million salmon a year. In 1999 (forty years later) Alaska's commercial salmon catch was 214 million fish, the second largest in the state's history. For 2014 the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG) forecasted a total harvest of 133.1 million fish, with a breakdown of 538,000 king, 33.6 million sockeye, 4.4 million coho, 19.9 million keta, and 74.7 million pink salmon.
Alaskan “farmed” salmon now outweigh “wild” by 2.5 to 1, and the blended commercial haul together makes up 14 percent of world-wild salmon supply, according to a new industry report.
Between 2011 and 2015, the last year for which good numbers exist, “salmon-farming” has grown 43 percent in parallel with record recorded wild-salmon harvests, write the McDowell Group’s authors in their report, The Economic Value of Alaska’s Seafood Industry. In that five-year span, the report holds, farmed-salmon production in America’s arctic state rose by 1.06 million tonnes.
The report also noted that the fisheries industry workforce — including fish-processing and farms — is comprised of “70 percent” non-residents. In all, about 24,000 workers become available to serve the state’s 169, largely remote, shore-based processing facilities carving out 33 percent of the first-wholesale value of all fish species produced (for salmon, this is USD1.36 billion per 2017).
The salmon harvest in Alaska is the largest in North America and represents about 80% of the total wild-caught catch, with harvests from Canada and the Pacific Northwest representing the remainder. Alaska salmon accounts for over 90 percent of all wild salmon in North America.  Like all seafood harvested in the state, Alaska salmon is always wild, natural, and sustainable. In 2017 over 200 million salmon were caught in Alaskan waters by commercial fishers, representing $750 million in exvessel value. Salmon fishing is a nearly ubiquitous activity across Alaska, however the most valuable salmon fisheries are in the Bristol Bay, Prince William Sound and Southeast regions. Commercial salmon fishing is a treasured way-of-life handed down through generations, directly employing over 38,000 hard working men and women.
Alaska seafood creates more jobs than any other private sector industry in the state, and over half of those jobs depend on salmon. The Alaska seafood industry is one of the largest employment and economic drivers in Alaska, directly employing 56,800 people, creating an additional 10,000 secondary jobs, and producing more than $5 billion in economic activity in Alaska every year. 
The fisheries of Alaska are recognized as some of the best managed in the world, providing tens of thousands of seasonal and full-time jobs and a vital, long term economic engine for Alaska communities and the state. 

Value of the BC Canada Seafood industry :

$1.5 billion annually Value – B.C. salmon farms contribute over $1.5 billion annually into B.C.’s economy and only occupy 0.05% of the entire B.C. coast.

In 2016, the salmon aquaculture industry in Canada was valued at $1 billion. Aquaculture accounts for over 33% of Canada’s total seafood VALUE, and Aquaculture represents 20 per cent of Canada's seafood production !! Salmon and other fin fish is making up almost 80 per cent of the Aquaculture output. About half of farmed fish come from British Columbia and most of the rest from the Atlantic provinces. In B.C., farm-raised salmon is responsible for about one-third of the provincial seafood harvest, over 60%of the landed value and almost half of the wholesale value of all B.C. seafood. About 70% of all salmon sold in B.C. is farm-raised. B.C.’s salmon farmers raise almost three-quarters of the salmon harvested in the province each year. Farm-raised salmon is B.C.’s highest valued seafood product, the province’s top agricultural export. B.C. salmon farming companies support hundreds of individual initiatives for education, health and well-being, indigenous peoples, arts and sports – all of the organizations and activities that provide quality of life in a community. The salmon farming industry in B.C. expands across multiple service sectors, creating over 6,600 jobs in mainly coastal communities. There are 118 marine finfish aquaculture farms and 20 land-based farms operated by the 59 member companies of the B.C. Salmon Farmers Association (BCSFA). About 60 to 70 salmon farm tenures are active at any one time. «The aquaculture industry supports 4,900 direct, full-time jobs in this vast country, with salaries paid out to the tune of $106.2 million each year, which is 30% higher than other industries. If we want to include indirect jobs in that figure, we can add another 9,600. The aquaculture industry contributes $500 million to the BC economy alone."
Atlantic Canada has long been home to Cooke Seafoods, but is now making room for more major players including Mowi, Grieg -- and potentially Cermaq. Unsurprisingly, throughout the last several years Canada's east coast has been seeing major salmon companies set up in the area including Grieg, Mowi, and now potentially Cermaq, dubbing the area as the final frontier of possible expansion for salmon's net pen farming industry. "Almost by default Marystown in Canada will become center of aquaculture for Newfoundland and Labrador, and maybe the center of aquaculture for Canada," Mayor of Marystown Sam Synard said.

«Ocean ranched salmon» represented over 49% of the commercial catch in Alaska in 2010 (77 million out of total commercially harvested 158 million salmon was ocean ranched) - The Truth about Alaska Salmon. Ref definitions at end of this text section.

“Due to biological and environmental factors, harvest of wild seafood is inherently volatile … total odd-year harvests of Alaska pink salmon can be double or triple even-years,” the report said. In reality, however, much Alaskan wild salmon is in fact raised in nurseries before being released into rivers and the Northern Pacific. This report and others seem to suggest half of returning salmon have their origins in Alaskan hatcheries that are funded via “wild” catch.
Questions have been raised in recent years about the carrying capacity of the Pacific Ocean when it comes to supporting an increasing myriad of salmon that is being produced in hatcheries and sent to sea to be fattened up by feeding on plankton and small fish before being caught in one of many commercial fisheries. New hatcheries by the dozens are rumored to being built in Russia, and already some 1.5 billion juvenile salmon are shipped to sea from hatcheries in Alaska every year. Another annual 500 million juvenile salmon come from facilities in British Columbia.  In 2010, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game reported that 158 million salmon were commercially harvested. Of this, 77 million salmon were identified as ocean ranched. Therefore, in 2010, ocean ranched salmon represented over 49% of the commercial catch in Alaska.

Solutions #2 - the new US strategic initiatives on Offshore Farms and RAS Landbased Farms !!!

Solutions #2 - What is Farmed Salmon vs Ocean Ranching by definition? Ref respectively here the policies in Norway vs Alaska & Washington (NorthWestPacific) !!!

What is Salmon Farming?

Salmon aquaculture, or salmon farming as it’s often called, involves raising salmon from “egg to market”. The salmon are born and nurtured in freshwater hatcheries for one year and then sent to saltwater farm sites to continue growing. A farm is made up of a series of steel cages with nets that contain the fish. The fish remain at the saltwater farm for 18 to 24 months, until they are ready to be harvested. In BC, salmon farms are located in remote areas of the coast and only accessible by boat or plane.
Salmon farm employees typically live on-site in a float house provided by their employer. They are responsible for feeding the fish, ensuring all government and company regulations are followed, as well as equipment and facility maintenance.

Salmon farming differs from salmon ranching simply because the fish are contained throughout their entire life cycle. At no time are the fish released to compete for food in the wild.

What is Salmon Ranching?

Salmon ranching involves the release of hatchery raised salmon into the wild. Similar to salmon farming, eggs are artificially hatched and grown in a freshwater hatchery.

When ready, the young salmon are moved to saltwater net pens where they are fed food pellets. When these hatchery-raised fish reach a size large enough to allow them to compete with wild fish, they are discharged from their pens and swim freely into the ocean to compete with other fish for food – this is “ranching”.
They remain in the ocean for anywhere from two to five years, depending on what species of salmon they are, at which time they return to the area where they were held in cages during the earlier stage of their lives.

When these ranched salmon return, they are caught by both commercial fishers and sports salmon enthusiasts alike. Ranched salmon may also be referred to as “wild-caught” salmon.

SALMON RANCHING VS FARMING

What is the difference between 'ranched' and 'farmed' salmon?

Due to many reasons including over-harvest, wild salmon populations declined in the latter part of the 20th century. It was soon realized that if an ever increasing human population is going to take from the ocean, it better give back. Just like on land, we started to 'farm' the ocean.

Salmon farming and salmon ranching have the same goal - grow salmon to provide a healthy protein to the consumer. Both methods of aquaculture hatch eggs which are raised in a freshwater hatchery facility and both methods move fish from freshwater to saltwater net pens to continue growth.

Whereas salmon farmers culture their fish for its entire lifecycle, eventuallly harvesting them directly from the net pen in which they were raised; salmon ranchers release their fish from the net pens to complete growth in the open ocean. As ranched salmon instinctively remember where they were born, they will return to where they were "imprinted" to be harvested by traditional fishing boats.

Salmon farming is common in Chile, Norway, Scotland, Ireland, Faroe Islands, Tasmania, New Zealand and Canada. Salmon ranching is practiced in Alaska, Japan, Korea and Russia.

Globally, salmon farms provide about 300 million fish, and salmon ranching produces about 220 million fish for human consumption each year.

What are the risks of ranching or farming salmon?
Whether salmon ranching or salmon farming, the benefits of growing salmon for human consumption are clear - providing a healthy and efficient protein without additional strain on natural, wild salmon populations. But, as with any food production, there are also risks. There are three main risks shared by both methods of salmon culture:

Salmon consume fish meal which can place additional strain on those fish lower in the food chain.
Farming and ranching produce organic waste (fish poop and processing waste) which need to be properly managed.
There is genetic risk of cultured salmon interbreeding with its wild counterpart and the potential for lowering the performance of its wild cousin.
Salmon farmers and salmon ranchers worldwide are very aware of these risks and are always looking at new ways of operating to ensure these risks are well managed.

Source :
http://www.farmfreshsalmon.org/salmon-farming-versus-salmon-ranching

Part 1 : One of 4 Farm-Options to go is The Land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) . Review facts here ! Part 2 : One of 4 Farm-Options to go, in Norway as well as Globally for other nations, is the Offshore Farms designed for either socalled Exposed seawaters or Harsh rigid oceans, or in US relevance also the now much debated US Federal waters where no such fish farms exist currently (outside USA’s Inshore waters). This Part 2 gives you an Introduction to Norway’s Development Permits per 2020 !

First and foremost, this author sees there’s a need to point out undeniable facts encompassing the possible option to develop Land-based farms for Salmon, so please take a minute reading this before you review the facts beneath on Offshore farming options being prioritised by Norway’s industries per 2020 via the granted Development Licences. Facts on Development Licences will be translated into English writing asap, so please have patience !

Part 1 : One of 4 Farm-Options to go is the Land-based flow-through aquaculture (FTA)/Land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS).

Firstly, read Norway’s latest facts here on the Land-based flow-through aquaculture (FTA). This latest new Farm concept is named Atlantic Sapphire at Salmon Evolution AS.

Construction of the «Atlantic Sapphire» is expected to begin later 2019 in Norway on what is pegged to become the largest land-based aquaculture facility in Europe !!

«We’ve taken the best conditions the sea provides with us to land, and have therefore chosen the flowthrough system and CO2 aeration as our concept. Alongside our unique location with access to unlimited seawater, this is the main reason why we can now pick up the pace into the next phase.» This on-land facility will eventually produce nearly 30,000 metric tons (MT) of Atlantic salmon annually.
The vision of building a facility capable of producing the maximum amount of salmon allowed under Salmon Evolution’s permit – a standing biomass of 13,300 MT and annual production of 28,800 MT of salmon – is an expensive one, and is not yet financed. Salmon Evolution Chairman Kristofer Reiten added that the company’s plan to pull water from the “deep sea” will help it prevent sea lice infestation at its new facility – sidestepping another major environmental problem facing net-pen salmon producers. «We can produce salmon with a very small environmental footprint, and keep it biologically secure,» he said. Doing that will open up new sales avenues in a market where demand already far outpaces supply, Reiten said. «There is stronger and stronger demand. Current production levels are nothing, absolutely nothing, compared to demand. Even if we were building 20 Atlantic Sapphires a year, that would not affect prices.

Producing salmon on land is about making technology choices which provide the most stable production environment possible for the fish,” he said. «Farming salmon on land is not a straightforward business, and involves to a great extent taking some technological choices which will yield the most stable possible production environment for the fish and thereby provide predictable operation.» The first stage of the project, which is scheduled for completion by 2023, according to Reiten – assuming the next share issue, occurring later 2019, brings in the required funds – will involve more complicated decisions on technology. Reiten said the new management and the ownership group’s collective experience in the seafood and ocean-related industries will give it an advantage in moving from start-up to operational over the coming years. The Norway-based Salmon Evolution AS has raised NOK 50 million (USD 5.7 million, EUR 5.1 million) to begin development of an on-land facility to be built in Harøysund, More og Romsdal, Middle Norway. The company’s managing director, Ingjarl Skarvøy, who formerly worked as a regional manager at SalMar, estimated the project is likely to cost as much as NOK 3 billion (USD 343.4 million, EUR 305.9 million). The company purchased a former quarry on the island of Indre Harøy in March 2019, a site that provides “optimal” conditions for the development of a facility equipped with flow-through technology, Salmon Evolution Chairman Kristofer Reiten said. «We have unlimited access to clean and fresh seawater, adequate electricity supplies, our own deepwater quay and opportunities for expansion and growth,» he said in a press release. “In addition, we are optimally positioned in terms of distance to market.”

«Salmon is still such a small share of the market. It’s the only health food that’s farmed and good for you. I think we need to build a lot more of these land-based farms to keep up with growth.” Reiten cited both geographic and environmental factors in predicting a promising future for land-based aquaculture. «The industry must expand, and to do that, land-based is the future. It will not be easier to find places to farm. On top of that, regulations will become harder and harder,» he said, referencing the ban the U.S. state of Washington placed on salmon net-pen aquaculture that goes into effect in 2025.

Reiten said both land-based technologies, FTA and RAS, will prove successful. «Both can and will succeed,” he said. “Right now, it seems like RAS is the only way to do things on land,
but our FTA plant
is much less complicated because we don’t need a biofilter. (!!) Salmon likes to have a lot of water, and with our site, we have the possibility to give it that."

Secondly, here are facts on Land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS).

Replicating the ocean environment in concrete tanks will increase greenhouse gas emissions and have significant environmental consequences
By SeaWestNews

A new report led by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in cooperation with research institute Sintef Ocean puts production costs for land based grow-out 42 percent higher than those in the sea.

According to Tekfish, the analysis finds that a transition from sea to land based farming in Norway requires 11,700 hectares’ vs 4,238 square kilometers at sea plus 520 million cubic meters of water for recirculating aquaculture systems. The study was based on a production of 1.3 million metric tons of fish and a production capacity of 10,000 metric tons per year per farm (130 farms). It also puts production costs in Norway at an estimated NOK 43.60 (€4.62/US$5.34) per kilo against sea farming’s estimated NOK 30.60 (€3.24/US $3.75) per kilo.

B.C. is littered with failed attempts to grow either Pacific or Atlantic salmon in land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) over the past 20 years. Canada’s Department of Fisheries and Oceans in a 2010 study, calculated the capital cost of open-net aquaculture at $5 million, with a 52% return on investment in the third year, compared with $22.6 million for an RAS, with a return on investment of 4%. Studies also show that to move Canada’s current salmon production to land based systems would require 28,000 Canadian football fields and 4.16 billion litres of fresh water to fill the tanks.

“Raising more salmon on land to complement sustainable ocean-based farming is part of the answer but raising large numbers of fish on land hasn’t yet been accomplished anywhere in the world, and trying to make that move would have significant environmental consequences,” said John Paul Fraser, the executive director of the B.C. Salmon Farmers Association.

“Replicating that natural environment in concrete tanks would require huge amounts of electricity, increasing greenhouse gas emissions,” he said. “We need to responsibly consider consequences like this before we latch on to a solution in search of a problem that doesn’t exist.

Our opportunity is in front of us — to raise fish off our coast — responsibly, sustainably, and in consultation and growing partnership with First Nations and other communities,” said Fraser. 

Conserve water usage

The UN predicts 5 billion people could be out of fresh water by 2050…
“To help manage competing demands for freshwater – whether to quench human thirst, water crops or produce electricity – the report recommended “working with nature, rather than against it” in a bid to make water use more efficient, cost-effective and healthier for people and the environment.” (link)

To require the estimated 4.16 billion litres to start these facilities - land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) - and subsequently remove this quantity of water from the environment is an inconceivable notion. Particularly when there are solutions that work right now and do not cause water extraction issues.

Source :
http://seawestnews.com/the-cost-of-farming-fish-on-land/amp/

Part 2 : One of 4 Farm-Options to go, in Norway as well as Globally for other nations, is the Offshore Farms designed for either socalled Exposed seawaters or Harsh rigid oceans, or in US relevance also the now much debated US Federal waters where no such fish farms exist currently (outside USA’s Inshore waters).

Introduction to Norway’s Development Permits per 2020 :

AquaStorm (AS) ved MOWI ASA er

et Farming konsept som er fullt automatisert, og alt vil overvåkes fra et kontrollsenter på land. Der vil vi ha full kontroll på hvordan fisken har det, at den får mat og at all teknologien fungerer som den skal. Mowi vil senke merdene ned i havdypet, og knytte sammen teknologi fra norsk oppdrett-, subsea- og offshorenæring.
«Dette konseptet tar i bruk både havbruksteknologi og subseateknologi for å produsere laks offshore. Fordi eier av teknologien nå er i ferd med å søke patet, kan vi dessverre ikke si mer om løsningen på dette tidspunktet», skriver selskapet i en e-post til IntraFish. Selskapet har tidligere søkt om tillatelser til konseptene Egget, Beck-Cage, Marine Donut og oppdrett i bulk-skip. MOWI er blant selskapene som har kommet med ny søknad de seneste dagene, og dets prosjekt er dessuten det største av de nye, med hele 36 tillatelser til «Aqua Storm» i Trøndelag. Mowi vil altså investere milliarder i sitt Aquastorm konsept men selskapet har per mai 2019 fått nei fra Fiskeridirektoratet til utviklingstillatelser !! Avslaget på 36 utviklingstillatelser begrunnes nok en gang med at prosjektet ikke oppfyller vilkåret om betydelig innovasjon.
«Etter Fiskeridirektoratets vurdering befinner prosjektet seg i en fase hvor det fremdeles er uavklarte konseptuelle detaljer som ikke kan låses før ytterligere analyser og studier av teknologien er gjennomført. I følge søker avhenger disse igjen av en tildeling av tillatelser», heter det i avslaget.

Arctic Offshore Farming (AOF) ved Norway Royal Salmon ASA

Arctic Offshore Farming (AOF) ved Norway Royal Salmon ASA er utviklet ved å kombinere havbruks-, offshore- og fiskeri-kompetanse. NRS og Aker Solutions har utviklet et halvt nedsenkbart offshore oppdrettsanlegg som er dimensjonert for værharde områder. Konseptet tar altså her i bruk ny teknologi som gir mulighet for en lokalisering lengre fra kysten enn dagens oppdrettsanlegg, i tillegg til å redusere det miljømessige fotavtrykket. Dette utviklede konseptet for lakseoppdrett i fjernstyrte nedsenkbare produksjonsanlegg er basert på offshore-teknologi. Den industrielle ambisjonen er å kombinere kunnskap fra oppdrettsnæringen med offshore kompetanse for å utvikle fremtidens havbruksnæring og med det sikre fremtidig bærekraftig vekst for norsk havbruksnæring. De nye havmerdene til NRS er oppe i 3000 tonn, hvor high-tech stål Merdene er hele 79 meter i diameter.

Ocean Farm (OF) og for øvrig «Smart Fish Farm» tilknyttet Mariculture, ved SalMar ASA er konseptet hvor OF-Merden er utviklet i Norge, med bakgrunn i et tverrfaglig partnerskap mellom norske aktører med verdensledende ekspertise innen havbruk, offshore og relevant forskning. Ocean Farm 1 skal brukes til å teste ut hvordan havbruk kan vokse på en bærekraftig måte, og OR-Anlegget kan utgjøre de første stegene mot en ny æra innen havbruk. Ocean Farm 1 er et fullskala pilotanlegg for testing, læring, forskning og utvikling. Det blir utrustet for forskningsoppgaver, med særlig fokus på biologiske forhold og fiskevelferd. Målet er å redusere miljøavtrykket, forbedre fiskevelferd og svare på bransjens arealutfordringer. Erfaringer og nye løsninger fra prosjektet kan utgjøre starten på en ny æra innen bærekraftig produksjon av sjømat, og kan potensielt tas i bruk over hele verden. Ocean Farm 1 er utformet for å teste ut både biologiske og teknologiske sider ved å drive fiskeoppdrett til havs. «Smart Fish Farm» Havmerd løsningen plasseres i Norskehavet utenfor Trøndelag, og den vil langt på vei kunne løse konfliktene om miljø og arealer som næringen møter i dag, og Salmar ASA har startet et arbeid for å identifisere det miljømessige beste området egnet for etableringen.

Havfarmen ved Nordlaks ASA

Med Havfarmen konseptet som den store innovasjonen skal Nordlaks flytte den siste og mest intensive delen av laksens vekstfase ut av fjordene. Nordlaks ønsker at avstanden til nærmeste lakseanlegg skal være minst 10 kilometer mot 2,5 kilometer som er Mattilsynets anbefalte minsteavstand i dag. Havfarmen skal plasseres i områder som ikke kan utnyttes til oppdrett med dagens tilgjengelige teknologi. Dette er mer eksponerte havområder med komplekse vind-, strøm- og bølgeforhold, og større dyp. Hensikten med den nye teknologien er forbedring når det gjelder miljømessige, fiskevelferdsmessige og produksjonsmessige betingelser. Hensikten med prosjektet er altså å utvikle en ny teknologi for at havbruksnæringa og selskapet skal kunne utvikle seg innenfor fiskevelferdsmessige og miljømessig forsvarlige rammer. Stikkord er nytt areal, lakselus, fiskehelse, fiskevelferd og rømming.

Aquatraz ved Midt-Norsk Havbruk AS

Aquatraz ved Midt-Norsk Havbruk er havmerd konseptet som spiller på lag med laksens adferd, hvor ny teknologi og systematisk arbeid skal ta MNH selskapet inn i en fremtid der fisken får lov til å være i fred i merden. NMH er meget motivert til å gå i gang med Aquatraz konseptet hvor vi sammen med våre samarbeidspartnere skal utvikle konseptet for å sikre en fremtidsrettet produksjon hvor vi reduserer næringens hovedutfordringer knyttet til lus samt bidra til enda bedre fiskehelse. Aquatraz-merden fungerer også uten strøm, og som de tradisjonelle merdene renner vannet rett gjennom, sa Holand.Løftesøylene løfter og presser fisken. I april 2017 fikk MNH Produksjon tilsagn om fire utviklingstillatelser til konseptet Aquatraz, en semi-lukket stålmerd. Det omhandler 4 utviklingskonsesjoner på hver 780 tonn, totalt 3120 tonn. MNH Produksjon valgte å klage på at de kun fikk fire av åtte omsøkte utviklingstillatelser for konseptet «Aquatraz». departementet har behandlet klagen per september 2018. Aquatraz skal kunne erstatte vanlige merder på eksisterende lokaliteter, og ligge side om side med dem. Aquatraz er altså et prosjekt som spinner videre på fortrinn vi har i Norge, det vises til den delvis lukkede merden til Midt Norsk Havbruk som nå er fylt med fisk. MNH-konsernet har stor tro på Aquatraz-konseptet, og dagens tildeling av konsesjoner gir unike muligheter for å videreutvikle og kommersialisere Aquatraz og styrke produksjonskapasiteten i MNH-konsernet betydelig, sier Roald Dolmen, prosjektleder for Aquatraz. Fisken kom i merden i fjor høst 2018, og i slutten av mai 2019 ble den første fisken slaktet ut. Med sin nye semilukkede stålmerd gjør Midt-Norsk Havbruk alt de kan for å redusere risikoen for rømning, og Midt-Norsk Havbruk har ikke brukt lusemidler på tre år. Aquatraz-merdene veier 500–600 tonn hver. Disse nye havmerdene er da tilsammen oppe i 3000 tonn.

Utviklingstillatelser - Norway’s Offshore-Inshore Regulations :

Økende interesse for offshore havbruk, førte til at Nærings- og fiskeridepartementet opprettet en så kalt interdepartemental arbeidsgruppe for å legge til rette for offshore havbruk. I dag ligger de fleste oppdrettsanleggene i nærheten av land. Teknologiutviklingen i havbruksnæringen og miljøutfordringer i tradisjonelle oppdrettsområder gjør at stadig flere havbruksaktører viser interesse for havbruk lengre til havs enn det som er vanlig i dag. Utviklingstillatelsene er særtillatelser som kan tildeles prosjekter som innebærer betydelig innovasjon og betydelige investeringer. Formålet er å legge til rette for utvikling av teknologi som kan bidra til å løse en eller flere av de miljø- og arealutfordringene som akvakulturnæringen står overfor. Teknologien som blir utviklet i prosjektene skal deles slik at den kommer hele næringen til gode.

Som følge av utviklingstillatelsene som er gjennomført, ser vi at vi går lengre og lengre ut i havet. Det er omsøkt utviklingstillatelser tilsvarende nær 90 prosent av dagens totale norske lakseproduksjon – uten av det får finansanalytikere til å bli bekymret for tilbudssiden. Ifølge analytikerne så får de fleste nok avslag, og det er uansett lenge til eventuell vekst kommer. Fiskeridirektoratet sier nei til kjent, etablert teknologi, Og de kan heller ikke si ja til for like prosjekter. Flertallet av avslagene som er gitt så langt er begrunnet i at konseptene ikke oppfyller kravene til «betydelig innovasjon». Totalt kom det inn 104 ulike søknader om totalt 898 tillatelser. Flere selskaper leverte mer enn én søknad. Søknadene ble løpende behandlet. Per mai 2019 med MOWI sin søknad er altså de to siste av de 104 søknadene som kom inn ferdig behandlet av Fiskeridirektoratet. Åtte har fått beskjed om at de faller innenfor ordningen, men her pågår det fremdeles avklaringer. Elleve har fått tilsagn, mens 85 har fått avslag. Per november 2018 var det åtte Utviklingstillatelse prosjekter som fikk ja, og 57 som fikk nei !! Av søknadene som er blitt behandlet så langt, har de fleste fått avslag og/eller avkortet antall innvilgede tillatelser !!

For utviklingstillatelsene tar FiskeriDirektoratet utgangspunkt i Statistisk sentralbyrås (SSB) sin definisjon for utviklingsarbeid, som lyder slik:
«Utviklingsarbeid er systematisk virksomhet som anvender eksisterende kunnskap fra forskning eller praktisk erfaring, og som er rettet mot: å fremstille nye eller vesentlig forbedrede materiale, produkter eller innretninger».
Aktører hevder at om innovasjon hadde vært inkludert, kunne dette gitt andre utslag. Advokat Thomas Andreassen mener Fiskeridirektoratet har tolket innovasjon for snevert i sin tildeling.
I prinsippet er det fire mulige retninger å gå: Offshore, lukkede merder, på land eller dypere under vann. Av de 15 selskapene som det er avklart skal få tilsagn, er ti blant de 20 største oppdretterne i Norge. Aktører sier det kan synes å være en preferanse mot offshore og semilukkede anlegg. Så langt er det 37 tillatelser til prosjekter som sikter seg på offshore produksjon og 21 tillatelser til semilukkede anlegg.

Interessen øker for offshore havbruk, samt at regelverk og Akvakulturloven ikke er tilpasset slik drift. Nærings- og fiskeridepartementet oppretter derfor nå en interdepartemental arbeidsgruppe for å legge til rette for offshore havbruk. En ny rapport skal identifisere behov for endringer i regelverket for å legge best mulig til rette for utvikling av havbruk til havs. Den peker på eksisterende og eventuelt fremtidige utfordringer med dobbeltregulering og/eller mangler i regelverket. I rapporten vurderes blant annet hvordan areal til offshore havbruk kan settes av, hvordan tillatelser kan tildeles, hva slags type driftsregler som må på plass, regelverk knyttet til helse, miljø og sikkerhet og pantsettelsesadgang.

Fosen Yard ASA, Rissa in Trøndelag, Middle Norway.

Fosen Yard ASA

Fosen Yard ASA, Rissa in Trøndelag, Middle Norway. Med 100 mann i Tyskland, er de nå rundt 250 ansatte i selskapet Fosen Yard. I omsetning har vi nok gjort større prosjekter. Akkurat nå har vi nesten 600 mann i arbeid på hurtigrutebåten «Nordlys». Det innebærer 130.000 arbeidstimer på 30 dager, så vi er vant til å ha store og intense prosjekter på kort tid. Han legger til at det samtidig er viktig å ha respekt for at oppdrettsnæringen er en annen bransje med tanke på standarder, krav og metodikk. Det som gjøres på Oppdrett er til en viss grad noe annet enn det Fosen Yard har gjort tidligere. Oppdrettsmerdene vil bety nye arbeidsplasser, men Anders Straumsheim kan ikke si hvor mange. På Oppdrett er det spesielt viktig med grundige forberedelser, god planlegging og å få til en god start på arbeidet. Fosen Yard begynte å satse innenfor havbruk for noen år siden. Fosen Yard har lenge jobbet målrettet for å bli en underleverandør til havbruksnæringen, og det er derfor en milepæl og spesielt gledelig at verftet nå av Midt-Norsk Havbruk er valgt som leverandør for pilotmerden for MNH-Produksjon AS. De har blant annet stått for byggingen av Aquatraz, den semilukkede stålmerden til Midt-Norsk Havbruk. Aquatraz Pilotmerden bygges i helhet ved Fosen Yard sitt verft på Kvithylla i Trøndelag. MNH sin kontrakt bestilling er at Fosen Yard skal bygge tilsammen 4 fire Aquatraz pilotmerder til MNH-Produksjon, med levering i løpet av 2018. MNH-Produksjon er datterselskap av Midt-Norsk Havbruk, og ifølge en pressemelding har Aquatraz kontrakten med Fosen Yard en verdi på rundt 120 millioner kroner. For ikke lenge siden overleverte Fosen Yard «Aquatraz 2», en gigantisk merdkonstruksjon i stål til Midt-Norsk Havbruk. Fosen Yard har bygd opp erfaring og kompetanse på feltet. Det håper og tror selskapet har vært den avgjørende faktoren til at de vant det store oppdraget. Aquatraz-merdene veier 500-600 tonn hver. Midt Norsk Havbruk er veldig fornøyd med at et lokalt verft er konkurransedyktig med hensyn til pris, kvalitet og leveringstid, og ser frem til å samarbeide med Fosen Yard. To nye gigantmerder skal bygges på Fosen. Fosen Yard offentliggjorde i går inngåelsen av en kontrakt med Norway Royal Salmon om bygging av stålkonstruksjonen som utgjøre kjernen i et nytt oppdrettsanlegg til en verdi av 700 millioner kroner. Stålkonstruksjonen bygges i seksjoner, som så fraktes til Fosen for sammenstilling, igangkjøring og testing før levering. Det er ikke kompleksiteten som er den største utfordringen, men mer volum og dimensjoner. Mellom 200 og 250 årsverk på Fosen Yard vil være involvert i byggingen av AOF havmerden.
For Norway Royal Salmon så trekker Fosen Yard i Rissa i Trøndelag det lengste strået, og det har sammenheng med kompetansen og erfaringen til Fosen. Yard ASA, og i tillegg har de en høy automasjonsgrad. AOF-Designet er nemlig laget slik at det skal være enkelt å bruke roboter og automasjonssystemer for å bygge merdene. De er sekstenkanta og pongtongene som får merdene til å flyte, er firkantede. Hver merd har 16 søyler, 16 nedre pongtongblokker og 16 øvre pongtongblokker. Når du har laget én blokk, kan du lage 31 til, så du har mulighet for serieproduksjon. Hadde merden vært avrunda, hadde det vært vanskeligere med en så høy automasjonsgrad, spesielt i de dimensjonene vi snakker her. For dette blir stort. Merdene er 79 meter i diameter. Dette gjør blant annet at de ikke kan fraktes gjennom Suezkanalen, noe som bidrar til å utelukke asiatiske verft idet også Frakten rundt Afrika ville tatt lang tid og blitt dyr. Med prisen på merdene pluss frakt til lokalitet, så er Fosen Yard konkurransedyktig. Det er alltid en totalvurdering av Kompetanse, erfaring, leveransemodell og pris som blir vurdert for alle verft, og i den vurderingen kommer Fosen Yard best ut for Norway Royal Salmon.

Aquastorm ved Mowi ASA, Roan in Trøndelag, Middle Norway :

MOWI ASA (previous Marine Harvest) : We are leading the blue revolution - Vi leder den blå revolusjonen

Norway’s gigantic corporation now MOWI ASA before Marine Harvest ASA is by far the globe’s biggest producer of farmed salmon since it annually turns out nearly twice as much salmon as all of Alaska’s salmon fisheries combined (!) Measured by turnover per 2018, Mowi ASA previously known as Marine Harvest, must accept fourth place among the world’s 30 largest seafood companies. The two top seats are held by the Japanese. The biggest is the titan Maruha Nichiro, followed by Nippon Suisan Kaisha. Turnover is so extensive of Thai Union Group namely USD 3.8 billion, that this conglomerate topped the position in front of well-known Mowi. Mowi ASA is hence a world's leading seafood company besides being the world’s largest producer of Atlantic salmon.

Norway’s MOWI ASA (Marine Harvest) produces close to 400,000 metric tons of Atlantic salmon per year at farms in Europe and South America, and touts its efforts to do so as environmentally friendly. MOWI’s CEO Aarskog said that at the beginning of 2018, Mowi had its highest biomass in the sea ever. Something he believes will bear fruit in 2019. «We think we will harvest 430,000 tonnes next year, up from 375,000 this year 2028. So the potential is great,» he said.

Mowi has set an ambitious plan. The company aims to achieve ADDITIONAL SALES, based on the brand with the same name as the company, of one billion euros by 2025. See also more facts at end of this text !! In 2018 the company had a turnover of EUR 3.8 billion, it employs 14 537 people and is represented in 25 countries.

The «Coca Cola of salmon» : MOWI (Marine Harvest) has big ambitions for its new Mowi brand, where the Mowi brand aims to provide the corporation a billion euros in annual turnover by 2025.

One billion euros in annual turnover by 2025!

“The new MOWI brand will contribute 100 million euros in additional EBIT – and will break-even in 2022,” vice president Ola Brattvoll added.
“We are investing 35 million euros in this brand,” said vice president Ola Brattvoll.
Brattvoll has long talked about the value of branding and development of the salmon category. But now as vice president (for sales and marketing) he’ll be facing the ultimate test. He will develop the Mowi brand, to capture the now open position as the salmon market’s strongest brand.

“I do not want to say which market we want to launch in the first, since there may be competitors included in this webcast, but we will launch the brand in 2019, and will be rolling out in Europe, North America and Asia by 2020,” he continued.

“We will establish loyalty and habits. As soon as you have established this, you get increased values. These are the real values in a brand,” Andreas Johler pointed out. «When customers have fallen in love with a brand, values are created. Once they have created a perception that the brand is better than others, it is possible to praise it higher than other products,» he said.

The Cola recipe for the MOWI brand

Like Coca Cola, they have their own secret recipe, a recipe for successful branding. Mowi has higher omega 3 content than its competitors, its own Mowi feed and it has a better taste, explained Johler
“This will make Mowi the favorite salmon product,” he added.

From Coca Cola and Unilever

Andreas Johler is going to build the new MOWI (Marine Harvest) brand. The man who’s leading the brand is the German expert, Andreas Johler. He’s developed the Mowi with Marine Harvest. The veteran worked with Unilever and was also the brand director for Coca Cola Germany.

Selskapet har i 2019 søkt om 36 utviklingskonsesjoner for å realisere «AquaStorm». Dette er det største utviklingsprosjektet vi noen gang har planlagt. Mowi vil senke merdene ned i havdypet, og knytte sammen teknologi fra norsk oppdrett-, subsea- og offshorenæring. Aquastorm flytter merdene ut fra fjordene, og ned på dypt vann hvor fisken er beskyttet mot lakselus, sykdom og vær. Dette konseptet er fullt automatisert, og alt vil overvåkes fra et kontrollsenter på land. Der vil vi ha full kontroll på hvordan fisken har det, at den får mat og at all teknologien fungerer som den skal. Anleggene vil være autonome og uten bemanning under vanlig drift. I det første Aquastorm-prosjektet skal anleggene plasseres opptil 12 kilometer fra kysten. Med teknologien selskapet vil benytte, vil det derimot være teoretisk mulig å etablere slike anlegg opp mot 100 km fra land. I dag er arealene oppdrettsnæringen har for produksjon begrensede. Denne teknologien åpner opp enorme arealer for fremtidig vekst av bærekraftig havbruk i Norge, mener Henrik Trengereid. Han understreker at realisering er avhengig av at myndighetene tildeler prosjektet nok tillatelser. Ref. prosjektleder i Mowi, Henrik Trengereid. Fordi eier av teknologien nå er i ferd med å søke patet, kan vi dessverre ikke si mer om løsningen på dette tidspunktet», skriver selskapet i en e-post til IntraFish. Selskapet har tidligere søkt om tillatelser til konseptene Egget, Beck-Cage, Marine Donut og oppdrett i bulk-skip. MOWI er blant selskapene som har kommet med ny søknad de seneste dagene, og dets prosjekt er dessuten det største av de nye, med hele 36 tillatelser til «Aqua Storm» i Trøndelag. Mowi vil altså investere milliarder i sitt Aquastorm konsept. Mowi har ventet på patentsvar, og Ifølge NRK, som omtalte saken først, innebærer prosjektet investeringer på 3,1 milliarder kroner, og betydelige beløp er brukt på prosjektering og planlegging allerede. Selskapet har blant annet ventet svar på patentsøknader før de ville gå ut offentlig å presentere prosjektet.

«NEI» : MOWI selskapet har per mai 2019 fått et NEI fra Fiskeridirektoratet til utviklingstillatelser !! Avslaget på 36 utviklingstillatelser begrunnes nok en gang med at prosjektet ikke oppfyller vilkåret om betydelig innovasjon.
«Etter Fiskeridirektoratets vurdering befinner prosjektet seg i en fase hvor det fremdeles er uavklarte konseptuelle detaljer som ikke kan låses før ytterligere analyser og studier av teknologien er gjennomført. I følge søker avhenger disse igjen av en tildeling av tillatelser», heter det i avslaget.

«AquaStorm» Prosjektet er som skapt for ordningen med utviklingskonsesjoner, mener Administrerende direktør i Norsk Industri, Stein Lier-Hansen. Dette prosjektet representerer det beste av norsk kompetanse fra havet. I AquaStorm blir landets spisskompetanse innen havbruk, subsea og oljevirksomhet utnyttet for å skape en enda mer bærekraftig og fremtidsrettet næring. Det er nettopp slike prosjekter norske myndigheter og politikere må legge til rette for, sier Stein Lier-Hansen.
Med seg i prosjektet har Mowi en rekke ledende teknologiaktører fra subsea- og oljenæringen. I tillegg til Nofima og Sintef som FoU-partnere, har Mowi også med Aqualine, Kongsberg, ABB og Stellarman på laget. Mowi ønsker at prosjektet skal gjennomføres i Roan kommune i Trøndelag. Det er anslått at prosjektet kan tilføre minst 60 nye arbeidsplasser og betydelige ringvirkninger for regionen.

Merdene vil i utgangspunktet holdes 15 meter under havoverflaten, og vil kunne senkes ned mot minst 50 meter dersom værforholdene krever det. Anleggene vil være tilknyttet en sentral på land, som via en fordeler på havbunnen, sørger for fjernstyring av fôring, luft, lys, strøm og signaler. Dette gjøres gjennom rørledninger og kabler som strekker seg fra land til anleggene. Fôrspill og avfall vil også hentes tilbake til landanlegget for behandling via de samme rørledningene. 

“I Mowi er vi stolte av å produsere mat som er sunn for mennesker og bra for lokalsamfunn og miljø. Det er ikke lett å lede den blå revolusjonen, men Mowi sine styrker som kontroll over verdikjeden, global tilstedeværelse og fokus på en stadig mer bærekraftig produksjon vil ha en positiv effekt på verden."
Alf-Helge Aarskog, konsernsjef

“Impact on the environment is a key concern in all Marine Harvest’s activities,” the company says on its website. “Since 2008, Marine Harvest Group has worked with the World Wildlife Fund-Norway to strengthen its focus on sustainable aquaculture and to help shape and improve the whole industry’s environmental standards.”

Good feedback on the premium product

During the first half of 2019, Mowi will launch new premium products, but some restaurants have already been testing the product. The feedback is fantastic,” according to MOWI’s CEO Aarskog. “We’ve also seen it with our own eyes. The texture and color are amazing,” he added.

Selling Sustainable Salmon Products

“Sustainable” has become the buzz world in salmon markets these days. “Everyday fresh fish is flown to Miami and Dallas where we package and ship it across the country,” Marine Harvest USA brags. “Our strategic plant locations enable us to ship fresh, never frozen fish anywhere in the US.”

Time for some German-style innovation in the US salmon market.

The US market needs a dose of German innovation to reach its fresh salmon consumption potential, according to Marine Harvest COO Ola Brattvoll, who gave delegates a journey through salmon market introduction in this afternoon’s salmon session. Ola Brattvoll, konserndirektør for salg og markedsføring i MOWI ASA (Marine Harvest).

The German fresh salmon market was pretty steady at 500-700 metric tons consumption per year for many years, but then rocketed to 10 times that volume between 2012 to 2015, now hitting close to 7,000 tons per year. The key? Product innovation, with a focus on making products that German consumers know how to prepare and to eat based on their experience with meat and poultry.
The US market, at the other end of the scale, saw rapid growth up to 2005, with Chilean producers innovating well in the market, but then it stopped and consumption stagnated, stuck at around 350,000 metric tons for the last few years.
The path to market, that gives clues as to why this happens with Bratvoll explaining the transition in any new market from fine dining to traditional distribution channels and on to retail.

Mowi ranked most sustainable protein producer

Mowi is on top of the Coller FAIRR Protein Index, which ranks the world’s largest listed protein producers on sustainability. The Coller FAIRR Index ranks the largest global meat, dairy and fish producers by looking at risk factors from use of antibiotics to deforestation and labour abuses. The Index is the world’s only benchmark dedicated.

Mowi will differentiate itself from its competitors and achieve price premium for salmon.

Developing a product that is different from its competitors. «We’ve gone back in history. For the company name of the pioneers,» Alf-Helge Aarskog started. “They sold it with their own brand, already in the 1970s. With a green clip on the gills, going for a five kroner price premium.”

Mowi has set an ambitious plan. The company aims to achieve additional sales, based on the brand with the same name as the company, of one billion euros by 2025. During the North Atlantic Seafood Conference in Bergen on Thursday morning, the Mowi boss elaborated how the company was going to do this.

Closer to the end customer

“We want to get closer to the end customer, and understand how he or she thinks,” he said.
In this process, Mowi is taking control of the entire salmon value chain.
“We have our own strain of fish, based on wild salmon, taken from the rivers Årøy and Vosso in the 60s, to produce the best possible fish – for the consumer. An extremely important decision, taken many years ago,” he explained.
The company’s own fish strain receives its own feed.
“We produced 340,000 tonnes of feed, at one factory in Norway, last year. And now we are opening our new factory in Scotland. We have our own feed recipe, with a high proportion of omega-3. We can choose the ingredients ourselves; Whether it is fish oil, insect or algae,” Aarskog continued.

Traceability

“We have processing plants in 25 countries – with own sales teams. It is crucial to know what customers want. Food safety and traceability are key concerns. Taste, convenience and health. One must be proud when one leads a company with 14,000 employees and scores high on all of these points,” said Aarskog after showing today’s second commercial for Mowi from the stage at the Radisson Blu in Bergen, Norway.
“When it comes down to it; We will produce a product that provides repurchase. How the product feels and tastes is crucial,” he emphasised.
“When I grew up, Mowi was the leading company. They had 12 licenses in Hordaland. Now we have taken it globally. We have built an in-house branding competence that will, in the course of 2019, launch the Mowi concept as it will be for the future,” he concluded.

MOWI sources :

The Coca Cola of salmon: Mowi brand aims to provide a billion euros in annual turnover by 2025
https://salmonbusiness.com/the-coca-cola-of-salmon-mowi-brand-aims-to-provide-a-billion-euros-in-annual-turnover-by-2025/

“AquaStorm (Norwegian)” from Mowi on Vimeo.
https://vimeo.com/331929442

Watch Marine Harvest - Leading the Blue Revolution - English subtitles on Vimeo: https://vimeo.com/165226883

Arctic Offshore Farming (AOF) ved Norway Royal Salmon (NRS) , Trondheim Trøndelag, Middle Norway :

Arctic Offshore Farming (OF) ved Norway Royal Salmon (NRS) , Trondheim Trøndelag, Middle Norway

Norway Royal Salmon (NRS) valgte Fosen Yard til å bygge havmerden Arctic Offshore Farming. NRS har fått 7,68 utviklingstillatelser, noe som betyr at de kan ha til sammen 5990 tonn laks i sitt AOF anlegg. I alt skal NRS selskapet gjøre investeringer på 1,8 milliarder kroner de neste tre årene 2020-2022 i blant annet settefiskanlegg i tillegg til vanlige drifts- og vedlikeholdsinvesteringer. AOF er den største enkeltinvesteringen Norway Royal Salmon har gjort så langt, hvor dette AOF-Prosjektet vil koste rundt 700 millioner kroner. Kontrakten med Fosen Yard er den største enkeltkontrakten i prosjektet og er verdt rundt 350 millioner kroner. Merdene skal være ferdig bygget på vårparten 2020 (neste år), og første fisk skal settes ut i tredje kvartal 2020 da. Hele AOF-løsningen skal være på plass innen utgangen tredje kvartal 2020. Kun AOF-Merdene skal altså være ferdig bygget av Fosen Yard primært i Tyskland på vårparten 2020 (neste år). Fosen Yard bygger altså nå disse nye havmerdene til NRS som er oppe i 3000 tonn, hvor disse high-tech Merdene bygd i stål er hele 79 meter i diameter. Selskapet har utviklet et helt nytt konsept for lakseoppdrett i fjernstyrte nedsenkbare produksjonsanlegg basert på offshore-teknologi. Den industrielle ambisjonen er å kombinere kunnskap fra oppdrettsnæringen med offshore kompetanse for å utvikle fremtidens havbruksnæring og med det sikre fremtidig bærekraftig vekst for norsk havbruksnæring. Anlegget vil gi betydelig økt arealutnyttelse av norske farvann ved plassering lengre fra kysten, og hvor det i tillegg vil ha et lite miljømessig fotavtrykk. Norway Royal Salmon var høsten 2018 i gang med å finne leverandører til offshoreanlegget og Leverandørene til enkelte av de store tingene som skal på plass var da allerede valgt som nevnt over, men Hatlebrekke ville da høsten 2018 ikke ut med hvem alle disse er. Arctic Offshore Farming er to store merder i stål. Med dem skal Norway Royal Salmon flytte laksen ut til havs, og senke dem ned 10 meter under overflaten. Det er to grunner. Den ene er for å komme seg unna lusa som stort sett er i øvre vannmassene. Nummer to er at miljøkreftene er voldsomt tøffe. Men kreftene avtar veldig bare fem-ti meter lenger ned. Anlegget vil ligge betydelig mer eksponert enn dagens lokaliteter. Samtidig er andre miljøforhold på slike lokaliteter svært attraktive for laksen med god vannutskiftning som vil sikre god fiskevelferd, tilvekst og miljømessig bærekraft. NRS selskapet har hatt en åpen, positiv og konstruktiv dialog med Fiskeridirektoratet for å justere nedskalere konseptet innenfor de rammebetingelser som var akseptable for partene. Med en byggetid på rundt et år, er planen at AOF-anlegget skal stå ferdig sommeren 2020 hvor det skal installeres og funksjonstestes. På sensommeren/høsten 2020 planlegger NRS selskapet å sette fisk i anlegget. NRS har fått 7,68 utviklingstillatelser, noe som betyr at de kan ha til sammen 5990 tonn laks i anlegget. Fiskeridirektoratet tildelte i mars 2018 til sammen 7,68 utviklingstillatelser (5.990 tonn Maksimal tillatt biomasse) for utvikling av Arctic Offshore Farming. NRS trur at offshore oppdrett er ein del av framtidas lakseoppdrett. Men det er mange spørsmål igjen å avklare. Me trur at offshore oppdrett er ein del av framtidas lakseoppdrett. Det vil løyse nokon, ikkje alle, utfordringane med tanke på areal og miljø. Men me må ta dette gradvis og ta nødvendig omsyn til både folk og fisk, understreka Høstlund. Veksten vil komme, men det tar tid, avslutta han. NRS meiner det er postitvt at norske styresmakter har starta arbeidet med rammeverk og lovgiving for offshore oppdrett. Tillatelsene er en anerkjennelse av en lang og god utviklingsprosess hvor Norway Royal Salmon (NRS), Aker og Aker Solutions har utviklet et halvt nedsenkbart offshore oppdrettsanlegg som er dimensjonert for værharde områder. AOF-Anlegget fjernstyres fra en fôrflåte som ligger rundt 400 meter fra merdene. Denne leveres av Akva Group. Aker Solutions er med videre som teknologi- og samarbeidspartner.
ABB får ansvar for systemene til denne fjernstyrte, nedsenkbare merden. Strategisk er kontrakten meget viktig for ABBs satsning innenfor havbruk. Med dette prosjektet går ABB inn som leverandør til fremtidens oppdrettsanlegg som stiller nye krav til både sikker drift og tekniske løsninger, sier Andersen. Leveransen til Arctic Offshore Farming er en av de største kontraktene ABB noen gang har inngått innen havbruk. ABB har fått et omfattende systemansvar for elektro, automasjon, instrumentering og telecom-løsningene.
Det betyr at ABB vil ha ansvaret for å designe overvåknings- og kontrollsystemene som skal gjøre det mulig å drifte anlegget på en sikker måte, og innebærer blant annet at det finnes back up-løsninger, eller redundans, i kritiske systemer som energiforsyning og kommunikasjon. Det Ubemannede Systemet samler også miljødata data  om meteorologiske forhold, havstrømmer, oksygennivå og sjøtemperatur. Det overvåker også pH-verdien på ulike dybder og mengden av biomasse i merdene. Noe av hensikten med tildeling av utviklingskonsesjoner er å finne løsninger på enkelte av utfordringene næringen har i dag slik at næringen kan fortsette å vokse på en bærekraftig måte. Merdene vil være ubemannet og skal kunne senkes og virke i nedsenket drift. Aker Solutions er med videre som teknologi- og samarbeidspartner.
Modelltesten i Frankrike’s Oceanide av AOF anlegget har også vist at dobbeltnot-konseptet fungerer svært godt. Det er derfor besluttet at NRS skal bruke dobbeltnot, noe som ytterligere reduserer sannsynligheten for rømming. Mørenot skal levere til Arctic Offshore Farming. Gjennom sitt selskap Aqua Knowledge i Haugesund, skal Mørenot Aquaculture utvikle den tekniske løsningen for det komplette notsystemet til Arctic Offshore Farming. Selskapet Mørenot har blant annet levert notløsningen til SalMars Ocean Farm 1 som er lokalisert på Frohavet. Nota har nå stått i sjøen i et års tid, den er gjennomtestet, og vi vet at den fungerer godt i praksis. Det vi skal levere til dette prosjektet er et dobbelt notsystem i Dyneema fiber med en spesial coating. Den vil ha ekstra lang holdbarhet, og kreve vesentlig mindre vedlikehold enn ei tradisjonell not. Dette gir også kostnadsbesparinger på drift, sier Jan Eskil Hollen, administrerende direktør Mørenot Aquaculture i meldingen. Utviklingstillatelsene er en fin måte å dra næringa ut i mer eksponerte områder. Skulle næringa gjort dette selv uten denne ordningen, så hadde det vært en mye mer gradvis utvikling. Denne ordningen er et ønske og en mulighet til å ta et stort jafs i utviklingen av næringen. Fremtiden vil vise om det var riktig. Forhåpentligvis vil noen av løsningene eller kombinasjoner av løsninger sette en industristandard for fremtidens eksponerte havbruksanlegg, sier Hatlebrekke i NRS.

AOF-Anlegget består av to store merder som plasseres i havet utenfor kysten av Troms, i et område der vær- og bølgeforholdene er langt mer krevende enn inne i fjordene. Norway Royal Salmon jobber nå med to stedsalternativer for Arctic Offshore Farming, som er dimensjonert for værharde områder til havs: Ytre Øyfjord på Senja i Lenvik kommune eller Fellesholmen på Kvaløya i Tromsø kommune. Begge næringene (fiskeri og havbruk journ.anm.) er like viktig for Lenvik og nye Senja kommune. Derfor legger Lenvik kommune til rette for utvikling av fiskerinæringen med nye kai- og næringsområder for fiskeflåten både i Botnhamn, Husøy og Fjordgård. Lokale fiskere har vært lite begeistret over planene til Norway Royal Salmon (NRS) om å teste ut konseptet Arctic Offshore Farming i Øyfjorden på Senja. Begrunnelsen av et «NEI» i starten var at etableringen ville påvirke sikkerheten og framkommeligheten negativt for de sjøfarende i området, samt plasseringen ble også vurdert til å påvirke utøvelsen av fisket i negativ retning. Med offshore oppdrett må me ha utstyr som kan handtere ekstreme forhold. Anlegget vårt er designa for 15 meter bølgehøgde, men me startar testinga på 6,5 meter bølgehøgde. Dette er noko som må takast gradvis, sa Høstlund. Til konseptet Arctic Offshore Farming har selskapet fått åtte utviklingsløyve. Selskapet har søkt om å få etablere seg på lokaliteten Ytre Øyfjord i Lenvik kommune i Troms med konseptet. Dersom industrien skal vekse, må den ta i bruk ny teknologi og auke arealutnyttinga og nå meir eksponerte område, sa Høstlund.
Han viste til at i dag er 96 prosent av lokalitetane innanfor område med maksimal bølgehøgde på 3,5 meter.

Ocean Farm (OF) ved SalMar ASA, Trøndelag, Middle Norway

Ocean Farm (OF) ved SalMar ASA, Trøndelag, Middle Norway

Gustav Witzøe 21.10: 2019 over som CEO konsernsjef i Salmar. Tidligere toppsjef Olav-Andreas Ervik er ny daglig leder i det nyopprettede datterselskapet Salmar Ocean, og har hovedansvaret for selskapet satsing på havbasert oppdrett. Ocean Farm 1 & 2 - Virksomheten er nå altså en del av Salmars nye datterselskap Salmar Ocean. Med etableringen av SalMar Ocean tar Salmar et nytt skritt i retning av å styrke sin posisjon som ledende i utviklingen av havbasert oppdrett, sier CEO Gustav Witzøe. «Både Witzøe og Ervik poengterer at endringen sikrer kontinuitet i ledelsen, og at den er en naturlig konsekvens av Salmars ambisjon om å lede an i utviklingen av havbasert oppdrett», heter det i meldingen. Salmar har nylig gjort et nytt utsett av fisk i havmerden Ocean Farm 1. Samtidig jobber datterselskapet Mariculture med å avslutte design og prosjektering av Smart Fish Farm, som er en større og mer avansert merd som skal etableres i åpent hav. Disse to virksomhetene er altså nå en del av nyetablerte Salmar Ocean. «Dette er teknologisk banebrytende prosjekter som inngår i selskapets havstrategi. Vår ambisjon er å lede utviklingen av miljømessig bærekraftig sjømatproduksjon i eksponerte sjøområder», sier Witzøe. «Vi er overbevist om at havbasert oppdrett vil spille en viktig rolle i fremtidens matproduksjon. På åpent hav har vi enestående muligheter til å drive oppdrett på naturens premisser og med minimal miljøpåvirkning. Jeg ser virkelig frem til å ta denne satsingen videre» , sier Ervik. Planen er at det skal være tett samarbeid og samspill mellom den havbaserte og den tradisjonelle oppdrettsvirksomheten. «Selskapet vil i årene fremover investere store beløp i produksjonsanlegg flere steder langs kysten, herunder en betydelig vekst i RAS-basert settefiskproduksjon. I sum vil Salmar investere flere milliarder kroner i produksjons- og industrianlegg de nærmeste årene», sier Witzøe.

SalMar var det første selskapet som fikk innvilget utviklingstillatelser, for konseptet Ocean Farm (OF). HAVBASERT FISKEOPPDRETT - En ny æra innen havbruk er på vei. Selskapet bak OF-havmerden er Ocean Farming AS, et selskap i SalMar-konsernet – etablert etter målsetting om å utvikle havbasert fiskeoppdrett. Ocean Farming AS vil gjennom utvikling og realisering av ny teknologi og gjennom operativ erfaring tilegne seg den særskilte kompetanse som kreves av denne neste generasjons form for fiskeoppdrett. SalMar-selskapet Ocean Farming AS ble i 2016 tildelt åtte utviklingskonsesjoner ifølge Fiskeridirektoratet, og Tillatelsene er gitt med en varighet på syv år. SalMar har som mål å kunne benytte hele kapasiteten ved lokaliteten, som er på åtte tillatelser, tilsvarende 6.240 tonn. «Ocean Farm 1» som ble satt i sjøen i Håbranden langt ute i Frohavet vest for Trøndelag i 2017 har altså plass til rundt 1,5 millioner laks. Den har en diameter på 110 meter og 68 m i høyde, og den kostet 690 millioner kroner. SalMar vil bygge en havfarm som er dobbelt så stor som «Ocean Farm 1», så dagens gigant «Ocean Farm 1» blir liten sammenlignet med SalMars nye havmerd. For Salmars nye havmerd, «Smart Fish Farm» , er det søkt om 16 utviklingstillatelser. Dette omfatter en investering prislapp på 1,5 milliarder kroner, og dimensjonene er en Diameter på 160 meter med plass til tre millioner laks i denne nye havmerden. Den vil kunne tåle bølgehøyder opp til 31 meters høyde. Det vil si at merden kan ligge langt ute i Norskehavet. Salmar har startet et arbeid for å identifisere det området som miljømessig er best egnet for etableringen. «Smart Fish Farm» løsningen vil langt på vei kunne løse konfliktene om miljø og arealer som næringen møter i dag. Konseptet er utviklet av det Stavanger-baserte selskapet Mariculture, hvor SalMar har kjøpt 51 prosent av aksjene.

Målet for Utviklingstillatelsene i Norge er å stimulere til utvikling av ny teknologi og løsninger som kan bidra til at bransjen kan vokse samtidig som hensynet til miljø og bærekraft er ivaretatt. Ocean Farm-prosjekt er rettet inn mot nettopp denne utfordringen, og SalMar var den første norske produsenten som ble tildelt denne type utviklingstillatelse. Ocean Farm 1 – verdens første oppdrettsanlegg til havs – har nå ankommet Frohavet. Anlegget kan utgjøre de første stegene mot en ny æra innen havbruk. Ocean Farm 1 er utviklet ved hjelp av verdensledende norsk ekspertise innen fiskeoppdrett og offshore og skal brukes til å teste ut hvordan havbruk kan vokse på en bærekraftig måte. «Vi mener prosjektet kan være et viktig bidrag for å løse arealutfordringene i havbruksnæringen", skriver Direktoratet. Ifølge Fiskeridirektoratet, skal Ocean Farming investere 690 millioner kroner i pilotprosjektet. Hva som inkluderes i dette, opplyses ikke. SalMar opplyste ved sin fjerdekvartalspresentasjon at havmerden ville medføre investeringer på "rundt 600 millioner kroner". Etter endt prosjektperiode kan tillatelsene, etter visse kriterier, konverteres til ordinære tillatelser – mot et vederlag på 10 millioner kroner per tillatelse (KPI-justert).

SalMar ASA sin OF-Merd er utviklet i Norge, med bakgrunn i et tverrfaglig partnerskap mellom norske aktører med verdensledende ekspertise innen havbruk, offshore og relevant forskning. OF-anlegget er en konstruksjon med de samme grunnleggende egenskaper som halvt nedsenkbare installasjoner offshore og som samtidig ivaretar laksens biologiske behov. I utviklingen av tekniske løsninger er hele driftsmodellen vurdert, og nye tilnærminger til ulike operasjoner er utviklet. Ut over etablerte byggestandarder i havbruksnæringen er regelverk og byggestandarder fra offshoreindustrien tatt i bruk. Byggingen av merden skjedde ved CSIS-gruppen (The China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation) i Kina. I 2017 ble merden fraktet med båt fra Kina til lokaliteten Håbranden i Frøya kommune. Seilasen begynte i mai, og havmerden ankom Frøya i september i fjor 2017.

Planen er å starte slakting av fisken på lokaliteten i løpet av høsten 2019. Det første året 2018 har gått bra med hensyn til at vi ser en fin utvikling på tilvekst, fisken responderer godt og ser ut til å ha det veldig bra. Ervik opplyser at under normal drift ved havmerden så har det ikke vært behov for annet enn anløp av fôrbåt så langt, og at dette har fungert bra. I februar for to år siden fikk selskapet tilsagn om seks utviklingstillatelser for å teste ut sin havmerd. Etter cirka ett års produksjon så fisken ut til å ha det bra i merden. I september krenget merden, noe som førte til at laks klarte å rømme. Først når utviklingsløpet er fullført og vi kan dokumentere at målkriteriene er oppfylt og evaluering gjennomført, vil det være aktuelt å søke om konvertering, opplyser Ervik. Han sier at pilotfasen vil vare til konsesjonene er konvertert, noe selskapet vil ta stilling til å søke om når fisken som står på lokaliteten nå er utslaktet.

Giganten «Ocean Farm 1» blir liten sammenlignet med SalMars nye «Smart Fish Farm» havmerd som har en prislapp på 1,5 milliarder kroner og som har plass til tre millioner laks. Med også en diameter på 160 meter så vil altså SalMar ASA bygge en havfarm som er dobbelt så stor som «Ocean Farm 1».
«Smart Fish Farm» Konseptet er utviklet av det Stavanger-baserte selskapet Mariculture, hvor SalMar har kjøpt 51 prosent av aksjene. Selskapet har søkt om 16 utviklingstillatelser. «Smart Fish Farm» løsningen vil langt på vei kunne løse konfliktene om miljø og arealer som næringen møter i dag. Den vil kunne tåle bølgehøyder opp til 31 meters høyde. Det vil si at merden kan ligge langt ute i Norskehavet, og Salmar har startet et arbeid for å identifisere det området som miljømessig er best egnet for etableringen. Havmerden skal altså plasseres i Norskehavet utenfor trøndelagskysten.

Gustav Witzøe etablerte Salmar i 1991. SalMar er Norges nest største, og et av verdens største, innen lakseoppdrett. 26 år gamle sønnen Gustav Magnar Witzøe kontrollerer nå over 52 prosent av Salmar gjennom selskapet Kverva. Det meste av aksjene er altså overført fra GW til sønnen. Se mer om Kverva.

Aquatraz ved nå NTS ASA (Midt-Norsk Havbruk AS), Trøndelag, Middle Norway :

Aquatraz ved nå NTS ASA (Midt-Norsk Havbruk AS), Trøndelag, Middle Norway

Midt-Norsk Havbruk AS har ikke brukt lusemidler på tre år. Ny teknologi og systematisk arbeid skal ta selskapet inn i en fremtid der fisken får lov til å være i fred i merden. Aquatraz merden er en semi-lukket stålmerd som er utviklet av Seafarming Systems i Stavanger.
Aquatraz-merdene veier 500–600 tonn hver, og Pilotmerden har en omkrets på 160 m og er designet for å benyttes i eksisterende rammefortøyninger. MNH sin kontrakt bestilling er at Fosen Yard skal bygge ytterliggere tre Aquatraz pilotmerder til MNH-Produksjon. Aquatraz 1 altså Den første pilotmerden skulle leveres fra Fosen Yard i mai 2018. MNH-Produksjon er datterselskap av Midt-Norsk Havbruk, og ifølge en pressemelding har hele Aquatraz kontrakten med Fosen Yard en verdi på rundt 120 millioner kroner. Etter at Midt-Norsk Havbruks datterselskap MNH-Produksjon er tildelt fire utviklingstillatelser, må NTS ASA betale 200 millioner kroner mer for selskapet.
Det går frem av en 2017 børsmelding fra NTS, idet NTS den 19. april 2017 inngikk en avtale om erverv av samtlige aksjer i Midt-Norsk Havbruk. NTS ASA (tidligere Namsos Trafikkselskap), som eier brønnbåtsselskapet Norsk Fisketransport, inngikk avtalen om kjøp av samtlige aksjer i Midt-Norsk Havbruk. Eierne av Midt-Norsk Havbruk er største eier i NTS. Aquatraz svarer til forventningene – og mer enn det! Dette er den veldig korte konklusjonen til prosjektleder i Midt-Norsk Havbruk (MNH), Steingrim Holm. Fisken kom i merden i fjor høst 2018, og i slutten av mai 2019 ble den første fisken slaktet ut. Produksjonen har gått bedre enn de forventningene MNH hadde. Så langt synes det også som at dødeligheten ligger klart lavere enn hva tilfellet er i referansemerden – som for øvrig er utstyrt med lusekjørt. Med sin nye semilukkede stålmerd gjør Midt-Norsk Havbruk alt de kan for å redusere risikoen for rømning. I dette konseptet er det en helt annen tilnærming til den menneskelige faktoren og til noten, som gjør at vi reduserer rømningsrisikoen mye, sier MNH og understreker at de ikke har hatt noen rømninger hittil. Med Aquatraz hever de hele konstruksjonen under operasjoner som avlusing og tømming. Det er lite manuelt arbeid, eller kranarbeid, så det er med på å dra ned risikoen. Aguatraz Navnet på konstruksjonen spiller derfor på Alcatraz i USA. Hvilke forskjeller det er mellom Aquatraz og tradisjonelle merder får de imidlertid ikke vite før begge merdene er ferdig utslakta. Det MNH først og fremst får svar på med den prosessen her nå, er heving av konstruksjonen, trenging av laksen og det å få den trøkket over i brønnbåten og fram til slakteriet, og det ser veldig bra ut, sier MNH. Aqautraz er en «modernisering av grøntvedtmerden, og trolig sterkere, større og har bedre flyteevne». Ringen er 160 meter i omkrets og har en stiv flytering av stål på 2,5 meter. Den kunne vært bare 30 centimeter, men den har en funksjon der den fungerer som flyteenhet i en løfteprosess. Prinsippet den er bygd på, er den stige flyteringen. Under er en lukket stiv vegg på seks meter som hindrer inntrenging av lakselus. Under «stålskjørtet» er det en stålnetting som fører ned til en kon, sa Holand, ifølge pressemeldingen.
Videre opplyses det at det er fire søyler som har to funksjoner, vanninntak og løftesøyler. Vanninntaket vil kunne ta inn tilnærmet lusefritt vann fra de seks øverste meterne. Vannet vil bli satt i en sirkulær bevegelse. Aquatraz-merden fungerer også uten strøm, og som de tradisjonelle merdene renner vannet rett gjennom, sa Holand. Løftesøylene løfter og presser fisken «naturlig ned mot kanalen hvor fisken pumpes ut». Merden er tenkt tømt fra bønnen. Konseptet skal bedre dagens fiskehelse, blant annet ved å holde fisken i bevegelse i øvre del av merden hvor den ifølge meldingen er bedre strømning- og svømmeforhold.

Midt-Norsk Havbruk har i dag ti ordinære lakseoppdrettskonsesjoner og to FOU-konsesjoner, en forventet produksjon i 2017 på ca 15.000 tonn (gwe) og kontroll på hele verdikjeden for laks med eierskap i smoltanlegg, rensefiskproduksjon og videreforedlingsanlegg/salg. Videre har selskapet i 2017 investert i Fiskeldi Austfjarda HF (14,83 % - eierandel) som er et oppdrettsselskap på Island under oppbygging og med forventning om sterk vekst fremover. Midt-Norsk Havbruk bruker allerede velferdsindikatorene gjennom Fishwell-prosjektet. MNH har tatt i bruk indikatorene som er utarbeidet gjennom Fishwell-prosjektet. Det gjør MNH i sin storskala produksjon av triploid laks, sier veterinær Torolf Storsul i Midt-Norsk Havbruk. Kombinasjonen NTS - Midt-Norsk Havbruk skaper et sterkt finansielt og operasjonelt havbrukskonsern med gode muligheter for vekst innenfor både oppdrett, transport- og servicetjenester, sier administrerende direktør i NTS, Harry Bøe. Ved gjennomføring av transaksjonen med MNH befester NTS sin posisjon og integrerer dagens virksomhet i en verdikjede som også inkluderer oppdrett av laks. Det kombinerte selskapet har som ambisjon å øke effektiviteten og redusere produksjonskostnader og biologisk risiko gjennom en fullintegrert produksjonsmodell. Selskapet vil samtidig være godt posisjonert for videre konsolidering innenfor både oppdrett, transport- og servicetjenester. Eierne har store ambisjoner for det fullintegrerte havbrukskonsernet, både langs Norskekysten og i utlandet.
– Sammenslåingen vil gjøre det mulig å realisere viktige prosjekter raskere. Både MNH og NTS har allerede engasjementer på Island. Fra slutten av april vil NTS også ha sin første brønnbåt i engasjement i Canada, sier administrerende direktør Harry Bøe i NTS i en pressemelding.
– Vi etablerer nå et konkurransekraftig og fleksibelt alternativ til oppdrettsgigantene i Norge.

Havfarming ved Nordlaks ASA, Tromsø, North Norway :

Havfarming ved Nordlaks ASA, Tromsø, North Norway

Høsten 2018 er Nordlaks den store vinneren når det gjelder utviklingstillatelser, idet Nordlaks har alene fått ikke langt unna halvparten av utviklingstillatelsene, så mange som 21 av 53 tillatelser som er tildelt. Nærings- og fiskeridepartementet (NFD) har vedtatt å gi Nordlaks totalt 21 utviklingstillatelser for å utvikle havfarm nummer en og nummer tre. Havfarmen konseptet har myndighetene sagt ja til, i tillegg til taket på hvor mye laks selskapet får lov til å produsere. Hver av de to Havfarmene blir dimensjonert for 10.000 tonn laks, det vil si maksimalt 13 tillatelser. Hver utviklingstillatelse er på 780 tonn - det samme som en standard laksekonsesjon.
Havfarmen nummer 1 skal hete «Jostein Albert» , og Havfarmen er 385 meter lang og 59,5 meter bred. Vekten har økt betydelig fra opprinnelig plan idet det går med 33.000 tonn stål til å bygge den - noe som er 11.000 tonn mer enn opprinnelig planlagt. Prislappen på hver av Havfarmen installasjonene blir på 1 milliard kroner. Selskapet vil ikke være mer presis nå. I tillegg kommer der 2-3 milliarder kroner til investeringer i utvidelse av Nordlaks' settefisk-anlegg på Innhavet i Hamarøy, utvidelse av slakteriet på Børøya ved Stokmarknes i Vesterålen der selskapet har hovedkvarter, og bygging av ny brønnbåt. Brønnbåten blir den første i verden i sitt slag når den leveres i 2020. Den blir en hybrid som vil gå på strøm og LNG-gass. Med denne innovasjonen skal Nordlaks flytte den siste og mest intensive delen av laksens vekstfase ut av fjordene. Nordlaks ønsker at avstanden til nærmeste lakseanlegg skal være minst 10 kilometer mot 2,5 kilometer som er Mattilsynets anbefalte minsteavstand i dag. Havfarmen skal plasseres i områder som ikke kan utnyttes til oppdrett med dagens tilgjengelige teknologi. Dette er mer eksponerte havområder med komplekse vind-, strøm- og bølgeforhold, og større dyp. Hensikten med den nye teknologien er forbedring når det gjelder miljømessige, fiskevelferdsmessige og produksjonsmessige betingelser. Sommeren 2020 skal Havfarmen fortøyes på svai sørvest for Hadseløya i Vesterålen, ut mot åpent hav. Første fisken skal settes inn juni 2020. I sør reiser Lofotveggen seg og i nord ligger Bø kommune, og dette havstykket har hittil vært umulig å bruke til lakseoppdrett fordi det ligger så værutsatt til.
Konsernhovedkvarteret ligger i på den lille Børøya, som er forbundet med Hadseløya med bru.
Produksjonen av laks blir tredelt. For det første skal smolt-størrelsen økes. Fisken skal så gå i et tradisjonelt oppdrettsanlegg i fire til ti måneder, til den blir ett til ett-og-et-halvt kilo. Deretter blir den overført til Havfarmen, hvor den skal være inntil den når slaktevekt på rundt 5 kilo. Det betyr normalt omtrent 10 måneder.
- Det er flere grunner til at produksjonen planlegges slik. Stor fisk er mer robust, slik at den vil tåle utsatte lokaliteter bedre. Slik vekselbruk gjør også at vi kan brakklegge de tradisjonelle anleggene hyppigere enn før. I dag driftes tradisjonelle lokaliteter i inntil to år før brakklegging. Hyppigere brakklegging vil være enda et verktøy i verktøykassen for forebygging mot lakselus

Prosjekt Havfarm startet våren 2015, og er et samarbeid mellom Nordlaks og NSK Ship Design i Harstad. På planleggingsstadiet fins så langt Havfarmen i to utgaver: en stasjonær og en såkalt «dynamisk».
Den første Havfarmen, som ovenfra ser ut som et skip eller fartøy, er 385 meter lang og nesten 60 meter brei. Oppdrettsnøtene vil stikke nesten 56 meter ned i havet.
Myndighetene ga delvis tilsagn til den stasjonære allerede før jul i 2016. Der er utviklingen kommet lengst. Kontrakter med underleverandører av utstyr begynner nå å komme på plass.
I februar 2018 gikk byggekontrakten til et kinesisk verft, CIMC Raffles i byen Yantai som ligger ved Gulehavet. Verftet har god framdrift, og har den siste tida også jobbet med å få på plass avtaler med underleverandører. Den siste i så måte er Rolls-Royce Marine, som skal levere thrustere for å sirkulere vann i mærene. Selve byggingen av den stasjonære Havfarmen starter i november 2019 når de første stålplatene skjæres til. Havfarmen bygges i tre megablokker, som skal settes sammen i vinter 2020. Nordlaks' første havfarm bygges for tiden ved CIMC Raffles i Kina. Den skal altså ferdigstilles i vinter 2020, fraktes til Norge til våren, og kobles til lokaliteten utenfor Melbu i Nordland i mai 2020.
Den andre typen Havfarm er den «dynamiske». Den er ennå bare på designplanet. Nordlaks ønsker å legge den på sørsida av Vestfjorden i Nordland, på forskjellige steder i Hamarøy kommune. Man er nå i ferd med å samle inn vær- og bølgedata.Søknaden om lokalisering er ennå ikke sendt til kommunen. Forskjellen på de to Havfarmene er at den dynamiske kan flyttes, mens den stasjonære vil ligge fast på ett sted. Erfaringer fra prosessen så langt med den første vil komme godt med når man skal designe og etter hvert bygge den andre, sier Martinussen.

Challenge #2 - Salmon Lice, A high-tech solution is the new «Starfish» closed-pen farming in Norway, by MOWI ASA and Nekkar AS :

Challenge #2 - Salmon Lice, A high-tech solution is the new «Starfish» closed-pen farming in Norway, by MOWI ASA and Nekkar AS

Lakselusen koster ifølge DN oppdretterne rundt fem milliarder kroner i året i behandling og dødelighet !!

Nekkar Selskapets havbruksatsing er kanskje den mest ambisiøse. Nekkar er godt i gang med utviklingen av det de internt kaller for «Starfish», et anlegg for lukket fiskeoppdrett.
Merden utvikles i samarbeid med en av de virkelig store fiskeoppdretterne i Norge. Navnet på samarbeidspartneren er enda ikke offentliggjort.
– En lukket merd kan sette en stopper for luse-problematikken. Vi håper å få en modell av merden i fjorden allerede neste halvår, forteller Eidesvik.
Lakselusen koster ifølge DN oppdretterne rundt fem milliarder kroner i året i behandling og dødelighet, og Mowi-sjef Alf-Helge Aarskog har til Kyst.no omtalt lakselus som selskapets «største utfordring».
– Vi bruker kompetansen vi har fra offshore-industrien til å utvikle nye produkter, og vi har fått veldig gode tilbakemeldinger på dette prosjektet.

Salmon aquaculture is not without its problems because of huge losses and cost due to Sea-lice infestations.

Sea-lice infestations reduced anticipated production in Norway, Scotland, Canada and other countries last year, and green algae blooming this year in North Norway killed a huge amount of atlantic salmon production. Salmon Farms in the Northern Hemisphere have also been forced to resort to pesticides to kill the lice pests, but we note also it’s amazing the number of problems industrial agriculture earlier has been able to overcome

Challenge #3 - Ocean Ranched Salmon Escapes in Canada’s British Columbia claimed damaging wild salmon populations

Challenge #3 - Ocean Ranched Salmon Escapes in Canada’s British Columbia claimed damaging wild salmon populations !!

We pay respect to the fact that three Canadian conservation groups state advocate that Alaskan salmon ranches and interception fisheries are damaging B.C.’s wild salmon populations. They plan to challenge the eco-certification awarded to the Alaskan salmon fishery by the Marine Stewardship Council. The conservationists worry that slow progress on the fishery’s unfulfilled conditions are damaging B.C.’s wild salmon stocks, and they advocate this standpoint here. «Alaskan ocean ranching and hatchery operations release billions of farm-raised fish into natural eco-systems and wild salmon populations,» said Aaron Hill, a biologist with the Watershed Watch Salmon Society. “There is increasing scientific concern about the effect that flooding the North Pacific with these fish is having on wild salmon populations.” “These fish compete for the same food resources as wild salmon in the open ocean,” said Hill. “Between Japan, Alaska, Canada and Russia more than five billion hatchery fish are released into the North Pacific and it’s getting to be a real concern.” Ocean-ranched salmon could damage wild stocks by out-competing them for food and by mixing with spawning populations, Hill said. Fact on Ocean-ranched fish is they are hatched and reared in fresh water and then raised in ocean-based net pens where they are fed and protected from predation to gain size and strength before being released into the wild.

Canada’s salmon farmers push for Federal Aquaculture Act | SeaWestNews
https://seawestnews.com/canadas-salmon-farmers-push-for-federal-aquaculture-act/

In March 2018 the Washington's governor, Democrat Jay Inslee, signed a bill into law that would phase out net-pen aquaculture for non-native species, such as Atlantic salmon. The law took effect 60 days after the signing. So, Cooke’s Washington woes are noteable today. It was the escape of between 160,000-263,0000 Atlantic salmon -- the precise number is in dispute -- from a Cooke net pen facility near Cypress Island in August that led to the passage of the bill.

Cooke Aquaculture’s acquisition of Icicle Seafoods gave the Canadian firm access to Atlantic salmon farms in Washington state, in the US Pacific northwest. Joel Richardson, a spokesman for Cooke, told Undercurrent News that the company is looking at its options. «Maybe we should look at farming other species. Maybe we should look at not having any operations there at all. There are all kinds of options that we need to consider right now. All of those different options are on the table at this point in time,» he said.

Challenge #4 - Ref Canada, Facts on Alaska’s laws encompassing the transition to «Ocean Ranching» from previous Ban on Net Pen Ranching :

Challenge #4 - Ref Canada, Facts on Alaska’s laws encompassing it’s decided transition to «Ocean Ranching» from it’s previous Ban on Net Pen Ranching.

2019 : Norway’s four 4 concrete new countermeasures for salmon escapes

Before you read beneath key facts on 2019 breaking news from Canada as well as from the US state of Washington about new laws directly linked to their recent 2019 incidents on salmon escapes, kindly note here the very latest mandatory regulations being introduced October 2019 in Norway for strict enforcement in all of its Seafood industry. Law changes in Canada and USA thus influence and impact new 2019-2020 Norway workprocedures organisational structure permits licences penalties permit withdrawals regulations and even new laws, as well as vice versa !!

Norway’s industry association Sjømatbedriftene, with its CEO Robert Eriksson, has early October 2019 established four 4 concrete new countermeasures for salmon escapes, which have been presented to the Minister for Seafood and Fisheries, Harald Tom Nesvik. In this way Norway’s farmers can be secured improvements in planning and correct work procedures in one’s organisation.

1. Establish clear competency requirements
2. Enforce greater responsibility on the farming companies to recapture escaped fish
3. Stop the permit granting (Licence or Concession) for farming companies that has incurred repeated fish escapes during the last two years
4. Mandatory enforcement of reduction in production (volumes) for farming companies that conciously evades to file a report on fish escapes.

Though Alaska banned fish farming in the form of net-penned salmon in 1990, it encouraged and supported fish farming in the form of «Ocean Ranching» . Alaska fish farms would likely have created new, independent businesses. The ocean ranching operations started by the state are now run by collectives of commercial fishermen the state helped organize as regional aquaculture associations.

A fact is that a craigmedred.news investigation has found the state of Alaska is now big into the salmon-farming business. About 70 percent of the Alaska salmon not in a can now comes from salmon farms. Alaska also jumped heavily into ocean-ranching and it has now become a key part of the Alaska commercial fishing industry. Alaska’s ocean-ranched free-range hatchery salmon is also marketed as «Alaska wild».

Salmon farming in the USA

Per 2018-2019 we note that Washington is the only West Coast state that allows Atlantic salmon net-pen fish farming operations.
Another noteworthy fact is that a landbased salmon-raising fish farm in Wisconsin is just now going operational, namely Superior Fresh, and the COO Brandon Gottsacker states this. “We are raising the most premium salmon in the world,” «The pristine water and the absence of antibiotics or pesticides, is something today’s consumers are demanding.”

Cooke’s Washington woes

2019 : On Thursday last week, Washington's governor, Democrat Jay Inslee, signed a bill into law that would phase out net-pen aquaculture for non-native species, such as Atlantic salmon. The law is expected to take effect 60 days after the signing.

Cooke Aquaculture’s acquisition of Icicle Seafoods gave the Canadian firm access to Atlantic salmon farms in Washington state, in the US Pacific northwest. It was the escape of between 160,000-263,0000 Atlantic salmon -- the precise number is in dispute -- from a Cooke net pen facility near Cypress Island in August that led to the passage of the bill.

Salmon Farming in Canada

Aquaculture provides 26,000 full-time jobs across Canada and generates $5.4 billion ($4 billion/€3.7 billion) in economic benefits, Timothy Kennedy the CAIA president and CEO noted. Salmon farming makes up close to 90 percent of this economic value. Canada is the fourth largest producer of farmed salmon after Norway, Chile, and the United Kingdom. The Canadian salmon farming industry is considered to have significant potential for growth due to Canada’s long coastline, cold water temperatures, and proximity to the United States market.

Value – B.C. salmon farms contribute over $1.5 billion annually into B.C.’s economy and only occupy 0.05% of the entire B.C. coast. In 2016, the salmon aquaculture industry in Canada was valued at $1 billion. Aquaculture accounts for over 33% of Canada’s total seafood VALUE, and Aquaculture represents 20 per cent of Canada's seafood production !! Salmon and other fin fish is making up almost 80 per cent of the Aquaculture output. About half of farmed fish come from British Columbia and most of the rest from the Atlantic provinces. In B.C., farm-raised salmon is responsible for about one-third of the provincial seafood harvest, over 60%of the landed value and almost half of the wholesale value of all B.C. seafood. About 70% of all salmon sold in B.C. is farm-raised. B.C.’s salmon farmers raise almost three-quarters of the salmon harvested in the province each year. Farm-raised salmon is B.C.’s highest valued seafood product, the province’s top agricultural export. B.C. salmon farming companies support hundreds of individual initiatives for education, health and well-being, indigenous peoples, arts and sports – all of the organizations and activities that provide quality of life in a community. The salmon farming industry in B.C. expands across multiple service sectors, creating over 6,600 jobs in mainly coastal communities. There are 118 marine finfish aquaculture farms and 20 land-based farms operated by the 59 member companies of the B.C. Salmon Farmers Association (BCSFA). About 60 to 70 salmon farm tenures are active at any one time.

Atlantic Canada has long been home to Cooke Seafoods, but is now making room for more major players including Mowi, Grieg -- and potentially Cermaq. Unsurprisingly, throughout the last several years Canada's east coast has been seeing major salmon companies set up in the area including Grieg, Mowi, and now potentially Cermaq, dubbing the area as the final frontier of possible expansion for salmon's net pen farming industry. "Almost by default Marystown in Canada will become the center of aquaculture for Newfoundland and Labrador, and maybe the center of aquaculture for Canada," Mayor of Marystown Sam Synard said.

2019 BC Salmon Farmers Association: Transition to closed-containment farms is 'unachievable'

Forcefully moving salmon farming to closed containment by 2025 will result in industry stagnation and significant unemployment, says BC Salmon Farmers Association executive. Forcefully mandating a five-year transition from ocean net pen salmon farming to land-based production is "unachievable.

2019 Canadian PM is vowing to stop net pen salmon farming by 2025.

The Atlantic Canada Fish Farmers Association (ACFFA) are not in favor of the Canadian Liberal Party and Green Party election promises to transition from open netpen salmon farms in British Columbia to closed-containment systems, dubbing the idea "nonsense." The association calls on all federal election candidates to stand for Canada's salmon farming industry and rejecting the campaign promises due to the importance seen in salmon farming. The ACFFA statement comes after Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's liberal party launched its full campaign platform on Sunday, proposing a change to the country's salmon farming industry by 2025. This move on laws would negatively impact the environment, fish health welfare and socio-economics in the rural coastal communities even if the change were to happen, the executive said.
The industry already grow their smolt in land-based hatcheries and land-based technologies continue to evolve as salmon farmers drive the innovation, Farquharson added.

"But at this point, the evidence is clear, the ocean is the best place for that final stage for salmon to grow from smolts to market size – just as they do in nature," she said. «Those who advocate moving all salmon farms from the ocean onto land need to realize that the practice of growing salmon to full maturity in tanks poses very real challenges.»
The ACFFA highlights several statistics regarding the amounts of land, water and energy needed to grow salmon to market size.

"These election promises amount to nothing more than an attempt to pander for votes to a vocal minority who oppose salmon farming in British Columbia," Farquharson said. "Here on the east coast, the majority of Atlantic Canadians support salmon farming." «This is a reckless policy, not grounded in science, and it will threaten good middle-class jobs across Canada,» said Timothy Kennedy, CAIA president and CEO. If implemented, Kennedy added, farmed salmon production would simply be driven to other countries, undercutting efforts the industry has made to improve sustainability.

"The Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch recognized the provincial production as 'a good alternative' last year, the only region so recognized in the world, and the FAIRR Global Index lists BC salmon producers as the top sustainable global producers of animal protein," Kennedy said. «It is a critical solution to the world’s growing demand for low impact, low-carbon emissions, high-protein food supply while alleviating pressure on threatened wild fish stocks.» "There is no evidence that BC salmon farms are harming wild salmon populations," he said. "While pilot projects to grow salmon to full size in closed containment are happening around the world, this work needs to continue in partnership and without any artificial mandates and timelines."

2019 : Global salmon markets are now working against Alaska as a continuing trend, because Technology is transforming the fishing business the way it transformed the cattle business, in such a way that the cowboys of the sea are being replaced by the farmers of the bays much as happened on land. There is no indication that salmon farming, now a well-established industry, will be any different from any other farming since aquaculture is now a full-fledged industrial agriculture. The fact is that science-driven “green revolution” transformed agriculture. Another matter is that we note the fact that Salmon farmers already control 70 percent of the salmon market, according to the World Wildlife Fund. Salmon consumption worldwide is also three times higher than it was in 1980, and Salmon aquaculture is the fastest growing food production system in the world. For a brief moment in time the Alaskans controlled salmon markets. There is sure to be a continuing demand for the best of Alaska wild salmon, just as there is a demand for the best of almost everything. The wild Alaska brand is a valuable one, and Alaska’s advantage is the state’s mystique, and Superior advantage is that wild Alaska salmon is closer to consumers and pitching healthy eating on multiple fronts. Promoters of wild Alaska fish try to sell – quality. But market forces can be expected to continually drive salmon prices down, and the more efficient and productive fish farms become, the more prices will fall with pressure coming both from deepwater and on land. However, the commercial salmon fishery in the 49th state is not going away any day soon.

Challenge #5 - 2019 The Debated or Controversial move on laws or Strategic Initiative in Canada - Trudeau wants to transition from open net-pen salmon to closed containement in just over five years :

You are welcome to compare the pros and cons about this Americas move on Laws and Regulations as well as on long-term Seafood strategic initiatives, see in this «Great Adventures» eBook also facts (Note none of this author’s personal opinions are listed on this page for Challenge #5 ) on Norway’s combined actions on 1. The Blue Change of Pace 2050 AND 2. The Development Licences granted by the Norway’s Fisheries Directorate per 2019 !! Before you read beneath key facts on Canada’s breaking news about new laws being linked to salmon escapes, kindly note here the very latest mandatory regulations being introduced October 2019 in Norway for strict enforcement in all of its Seafood industry. Law changes in Canada and USA thus influence and impact new 2019-2020 Norway laws !!

2019 : Norway’s four 4 concrete new countermeasures for salmon escapes

Norway’s industry association Sjømatbedriftene, with its CEO Robert Eriksson, has early October 2019 established four 4 concrete new countermeasures for salmon escapes, which have been presented to the Minister for Seafood and Fisheries, Harald Tom Nesvik. In this way Norway’s farmers can be secured improvements in planning and correct work procedures in one’s organisation.

1. Establish clear competency requirements
2. Enforce greater responsibility on the farming companies to recapture escaped fish
3. Stop the permit granting (Licence or Concession) for farming companies that has incurred repeated fish escapes during the last two years
4. Mandatory enforcement of reduction in production (volumes) for farming companies that conciously evades to file a report on fish escapes.

Justin Trudeau’s government targets B.C.’s salmon farming industry.

Liberal party pledges to phase open-net salmon farms to closed containment systems by 2025.
As part of Justin Trudeau’s reelection campaign, Canada’s ruling party want’s to boot out the salmon farming industry in British Columbia.

Closed containment systems

On page 36 from its manifesto, the Liberal party wrote, in just four lines, how it planned to end salmon farming: “In British Columbia, we will work with the province to develop a responsible plan to transition from open net-pen salmon farming in coastal waters to closed containment systems by 2025”. There was no mention of Atlantic Canada’s salmon farms.

With just over five years to end the EUR 1 billion industry, the industry is up in arms. Salmon farmers were already facing a gradual phase out of at least 17 salmon farms by 2013.

Destructive

The BC salmon farmer’s association called the plan “destructive” and “careless” in a press release on Tuesday: “The Liberal Party’s aquaculture platform commitment to ‘transition from open net-pen salmon farming to closed containment systems by 2025’ is destructive, careless and flies in the face of making decisions about aquaculture based on science and facts. At a time when leaders should be focusing on climate change and climate action, the Liberal Party is looking to shut down the seafood farming method with the lowest carbon footprint and suggesting it transition to a technology that depends on manufactured energy. This move would have significant environmental repercussions. It would also have economic repercussions for the families of 7,000 middle-class workers in B.C, negatively impacting the health and wellness of coastal communities.”

Twitter post by Paul Withers @Withersbc

Canadian aquaculture industry attacks Trudeau platform to phase out open net pen salmon farms in BC as a “reckless” and “irresponsible” policy not based on science. Regional industry associations from Atlantic Canada are signatories to a joint statement condemning the Libs.

Not based on any credible scientific evidence

Canadian Aquaculture Alliance CEO Timothy Kennedy in a press release said: “This is a reckless policy, not grounded in science, and it will threaten good middle-class jobs across Canada”.
In the same publication, current dean of the faculty of Science and Technology at Vancouver Island University Don Noakes who authored a paper on that urged the Canadian government increase aquaculture production, said that: “I can only speculate on the reasons for this policy pledge but it is certainly not based on any credible scientific evidence. Canada has enormous potential for significant increases in aquaculture production but this policy is counterproductive to say the least.”

Trudeau government targets B.C. fish farming

A pledge made by more than 50 federal candidates of various political stripes in B.C. to shut down open-net salmon farming in B.C. by 2025 has made it into the federal Liberal Party’s platform, to shock and dismay of the salmon farming industry and First Nations that depend on it.
Wildfirst, an anti-fish farm lobby group backed by high-profile B.C. business people, has collected pledges by more than 50 federal candidates in B.C., of all political stripes, who have committed to the phase-out of open net fish farms by 2025.

Wildfirst is dedicated to “the removal of salmon farms from pacific coastal waters as soon as possible.” So far, eight federal Liberal candidates in B.C. have signed the Wildfirst pledge committing to the phase-out of open-net salmon farms. Twenty-one B.C. NDP candidates have signed it. No Conservative candidates in B.C. have yet signed the pledge. To date, federal Fisheries and Oceans Minister Jonathan Wilkinson has not responded to the Wildfirst request to sign its pledge.

But it’s now irrelevant whether Wilkinson or any other Liberal candidate in Canada agrees with the pledge or not because it’s now an official Liberal Party plank.
“In British Columbia, we will work with the province to develop a responsible plan to transition from open net pen salmon farming in coastal waters to closed containment systems by 2025,” the Liberal platform states.
John Paul Fraser, executive director of the B.C. Salmon Farmers Association, said the new Liberal campaign promise is shocking, and suggests it knee-caps the Liberal government’s own fisheries minister.
“He just got screwed by his own party,” Fraser said.
He said Wilkinson has worked with various interest groups and stakeholders in B.C. to convene a special advisory group to look at salmon farming, and commissioned a study that looked at various technology approaches for sustainable aquaculture.
“His party just decided that everything that has gone into that report, and all the time those people have spent around that committee table…don’t bother meeting anymore, because it’s been decided for you,” Fraser said.
Wilkinson’s office has not yet responded to questions from Business in Vancouver.
The problem with the promise to phase out open net salmon farms and move them onto land in just six years is that land-based systems have not yet proven to be economically viable.
And if they ever do, at some point, it may make more sense to locate them close to their markets – San Francisco, for example, as opposed to Campbell River or Alert Bay.
"This is a reckless policy, not grounded in science, and it will threaten good middle-class jobs  across Canada," said Timothy Kennedy, CEO of the Canadian Aquaculture Alliance.
Stewart Muir, executive director for Resource Works, was shocked to see the promise to phase out open-net fish farms make it into the Liberal platform, released Monday, September 30.
“If they want to do this, they should be more honest and simply say it’s a Liberal commitment to end employment for 6,000 people on the B.C. coast and close down the most valuable British Columbia agricultural export,” Muir said.
Some First Nations in B.C. are adamantly opposed to fish farming and want it shut down. Others depend on the industry for jobs and lease revenue.
Chief John Smith of Tlowitsis First Nation near Campbell River says he was shocked to learn the federal Liberal Party has targeted B.C.’s fish farming industry.
Smith said his band has an agreement with Grieg Seafood Canada that provides his band with about $1 million in revenue annually – revenue that would be lost if open-net salmon farms are shut down.
“We’ve been working with the fish farms for quite a few years now, and we’re very happy with it because it provides us with a steady source of income,” he said. “It’s not like forestry, which is up and down like a yo-yo. And we don’t have any other industries.”
Don Noakes, former director of the Pacific Biological Station and current dean of the faculty of Science and Technology at Vancouver Island University, sees the Liberal plank on salmon farming as a backwards step.
Noakes authored a paper last year, Oceans of Opportunity, that urged the Canadian government increase aquaculture production.
Aquaculture is the source of animal protein that has the smallest environmental footprint, in terms of energy, land and water use and greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable aquaculture is supported by conservation groups like World Wildlife Fund and the Nature Conservancy.
“I can only speculate on the reasons for this policy pledge but it is certainly not based on any credible scientific evidence,” Noakes said in an emailed statement to Business in Vancouver. “Canada has enormous potential for significant increases in aquaculture production but this policy is counterproductive to say the least.”

“I was shocked and angered”: Business owner attacks PM’s plan to end open-net salmon farms in B.C.

Heather Clarke, owner of Poseidon Ocean Systems, which designs and manufactures open-net pens in the ocean, brands the policy, which is to affect British Columbia, “horrible” and says she has had staff members asking her if their jobs are safe. 
The reaction comes following a policy announcement by Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau last week, where he pledged in his manifesto to end open-net pen salmon farms and replace them with closed-containment pens by 2025.
Yesterday, Salmon Business reported a heartfelt plea by a salmon farm worker who was worried the policy would ‘end her career’ she as she knew it.
Shocked
But now, speaking to Salmon Business from the Campbell River, in British Columbia, Ms Clarke says she’s now worried about her business.
She said: “I think the announcement caught a lot of people off guard. Myself included. The Liberal government has been working with the industry and indigenous groups, and those who are in opposition to our industry, we’ve been working together and making great strides.”

“It seems this policy came out of nowhere and more or less surprised everyone. As a business owner and someone who is dependent on this industry, I was shocked and angered that this type of pandering for voters who are so far removed from the industry, that they genuinely don’t have the facts. They’re kind of willing to believe anyone that they’re willing to talk about.”
She added: “But policies like this I don’t think are attainable because of the timeline on it. The technology isn’t there, if it was there, we’d be seeing more people move to those types of facilities. Any time you can move from unknowns to knowns, businesses would want to move but they haven’t because it’s not feasible.”
Impact
Ms Clarke says she doesn’t know the actual impact on her business yet, but she has had “terrified” staff approach her about their jobs.
She said: “We have 25 staff members. They’re engineers, they’re very well-paid individuals. They’re technical jobs. Those types of jobs are few and far between. I know that it’s terrifying for our staff members who are looking to myself and husband for what it means.”
She says she thinks it’s a “horrible” policy which gives legitimacy to the claims of the activists and anti-fish farm campaigners.
She said: “Those in opposition who live in our communities, I don’t think they fully think that part through: how many are employed, what it means for the communities, tax bases etc. In a thriving economy, aquaculture supports the bus services, the coffee shops. So, it’s things like that that start to scribble up when an industry exits.”
“For people working on the farms, where are they going to transition? What industry is going to pick up that amount of workers? They’re definitely skilled, but they’re not doctors. Where are they going to transition to? And what’s that going to mean for the local economy?”
“I would say to Mr Trudeau base your policies on science, stop pandering to voters who are so far removed from industry. Be a leader. Be a leader who actually cares about the environment, food scarcity, and base your leadership on sound science. That’s what the industry has based itself on. We’ve got so many technical people: scientists, vets, engineers, there’s a tremendous amount of people with scientific backgrounds and we wouldn’t all be working in this industry if we thought it was as destructive as some activists make it out to be. I just don’t believe as humans we would do it.”

“What I love to do would cease to exist”: Fish farm worker in B.C. issues plea over plan to end open-pen farming.

Sorin Hamm, who works as a sea site technician for Mowi-owned fish farms in British Columbia, in Canada, calls on Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to come and see what work she does, and not to believe those who are against fish farms. 

Earlier this month, in the Liberal Party’s 2019 manifesto, Mr Trudeau announced that he would end open-pen salmon farming along the West coast and move to a system of closed containment by 2025.
It said on page 36: “In British Columbia, we will work with the province to develop a responsible plan to transition from open net-pen salmon farming in coastal waters to closed containment systems by 2025.”
The policy was slammed by local fish farming groups, who branded it ‘careless’ and ‘destructive’.
And now, a worker has accused Mr Trudeau of ‘caving to public scrutiny’ in a heartfelt plea to Salmon Business.
The B.C. Salmon Farmers’ Association estimates that 7,000 jobs would be affected if the move to end open-net pen salmon farming went ahead. Many jobs could end up going East or to countries such as Chile.
Sorin Hamm, who’s 26 and has worked on Mowi-owned fish farms for more than three years, said her career as she currently knows it ‘would be over’.
Ms Hamm, who lives in the Comox Valley, told Salmon Business: “My career as I know it would be over. Sure, there would be a job on land, but what I love to do would cease to exist.”
“The lifestyle that we enjoy out at sea would be gone. I also can’t see production being as plentiful on land for environmental and cost reasons so those jobs would be few, and the wild stocks would have to make up for the lost product on the international market.”
The mother-of-one, who is expecting another baby any day now, told Salmon Business she wants Mr Trudeau to ‘take a tour of a sea site, ask questions and observe’. She said: “I would ask that they take a tour of a sea site, ask questions, observe, and then discuss the scientific findings of real scientists.”
“This, instead of just caving to public scrutiny, which is based on fear and doubt, and the unknown presented by people claiming to be versed in science. I would like to have Mr. Trudeau observe my live fish checks and see the gentle but thorough examination of the stock for health and lice, it’s not uncommon for a fish to have not a single louse despite them being so plentiful in nature regardless of farm sites.”
“To see the attention to detail up close, the wall of binders logging extensive daily, weekly, monthly, and annual protocols. I think really seeing what we do would open people’s eyes to an industry that the public is so misled about. For example, you can see one photo of a fish at the edge of the pen on it’s last legs, damaged from the transfer to the site, and use that to enrage the public.”
“The runts and injured fish don’t get hunted and consumed immediately as they would in nature, they can live a long time with the protection of the pens. You can also show them the other 99.9% of fish in the pen, big, lively, beautiful. Scales shining, gorgeous body condition, thick and healthy. I am so proud of the stock I raise!”

Challenge #6 - Pros & Cons for this current US status - The Trump administration pushes in September 2018 for offshore fish farms across US federal waters, that is sites in federally controlled waters from three to 200 miles offshore :

Currently, there are no salmon farms in federal waters.

Despite state multiple bans on fish farms the president is seeking an overhaul in federally controlled waters.

According to alaskafishradio, the U.S. Commerce Department is to hold meetings around the country throughout November to talk about its strategic plan for fish farms.
Currently, there are no salmon farms in federal waters.

In June, a bill was introduced called the Advancing the Quality and Understanding of American Aquaculture (AQUAA) Act to facilitate the permitting process for aquaculture farms in federal waters, and fund research and development to advance the aquaculture industry.
The New National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (OAA) director Chris Oliver, said at a recent session in Juneau, Alaska that wild harvests can’t keep up with global demand.
“Aquaculture is going to be where the major increases in seafood production occur whether it happens in foreign countries or in United States waters.”

Alaska bans fish farming in state waters, but Trump is pushing for sites in federally controlled waters, from three to 200 miles offshore.
On the site, Under Secretary of Commerce Timothy Gallaudet cited climate change in his pitch for fish farms.
“Some of the changes in the environment are affecting fish stocks. They are either moving or they’re not thriving and so this aquaculture, done the right way and scientifically based, provides a means for employment of fishermen who are losing some of their gain through these changing conditions.”

Alaska wary of federal push for marine aquaculture.

The U.S. has a seafood trade deficit. The Trump administration’s answer is to promote aquaculture in federal waters. That’s alarmed some who see this as a threat to Alaska’s longstanding ban on fish farms.
Listen now

During a recent stop in Juneau, NOAA Fisheries chief Chris Oliver said that wild seafood harvests alone can’t keep up with rising global demand.
But there’s another way.
“Aquaculture is going to be where the major increases in seafood production occur whether it happens in foreign countries or in United States waters,” Oliver told a room of fishermen, seafood marketing executives and marine scientists.

Aquaculture is a broad term: it’s farming in the sea. That could be shellfish like oysters or seaweed which Alaska permits. But it also includes fish farms — which Alaska does not allow.
The nation’s federal waters are vast. They begin three miles offshore and extend 200 nautical miles. There isn’t any aquaculture in federal waters — yet.

Acting U.S. Under Secretary of Commerce Timothy Gallaudet said during a Juneau visit that streamlining regulations and boosting aquaculture production – both part of the Commerce Department’s 2018-2022 strategic plan – could help change that.
“As we look to the ocean to continue to support human society, aquaculture is going to be a growing factor,” Gallaudet said.

There’s a bill pending in the U.S. Senate that could decide how federal aquaculture is regulated. It’s being backed by an industry group called Stronger America Through Seafood.

Campaign Manager Margaret Henderson said Alaska’s ability to ban offshore fish farms remains a sticking point on Capitol Hill.
“We in no way mean to impede a state’s authority to manage their own waters,” Henderson said in an interview. “But when it comes to managing federal waters outside the state line we think that there’s a balance to be had there, that there’s there’s room for both.”
The state is well aware that its ban on offshore finfish farming is at stake.
“I think it’s safe to say that we’re going to fight pretty hard to maintain the state’s opt-out option and maintain the ability to prohibit finfish farming off of Alaska,” Sam Rabung, chief of Alaska Department of Fish and Game’s aquaculture division, said.

There are two main arguments against finfish farming.

One is environmental: farmed fish can escape, like what happened last year in Washington State, when hundreds of thousands of Atlantic salmon broke free from their pen and traveled miles up rivers in the Pacific Northwest
The other argument is economic.
“If you increase supply, prior to increasing demand or without the effort to increase demand, your prices drop,” Julie Decker, executive director of the Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation, said.

Decker recalled how in the 1980s, Alaska was the largest salmon producer. That changed, she said, when cheap farmed salmon entered the market.
“The end of the salmon story at this stage is there’s millions more people eating salmon, than they were back in 1980,” Decker said. “But it was a very painful adjustment period.”
Federal commerce officials heard about that from Verner Wilson III. He grew up on Bristol Bay but now works for Friends of the Earth, which co-authored a letter to lawmakers opposing the aquaculture bill.
“The flooding of farmed salmon in the 1990s created so much hurt and pain for my family and Alaska salmon fishermen throughout the state from Bristol Bay right here to Juneau,” Wilson said.

Gallaudet said offshore fish farms wouldn’t be imposed on Alaska.
But in his pitch for aquaculture he alluded to the elephant in the room: climate change.
“Some of the changes in the environment are affecting fish stocks,” Gallaudet said. “They are either moving or they’re not thriving and so this aquaculture, done the right way and scientifically based, provides a means for employment of fishermen who are losing some of their gain through these changing conditions.”

U.S. Sen. Dan Sullivan’s office said he supports Alaska’s right to opt out.
“He will not support any legislation that endangers our world class fisheries or negatively impacts Alaska’s robust seafood industry,” Sullivan’s spokesman Mike Anderson wrote in a statement. “Further, any federal legislation he would support must respect Alaska’s current prohibition.”
U.S. Senator Lisa Murkowski hasn’t taken a position.

«Stronger America Through Seafood» - Our Mission - www.strongerthroughseafood.org

Our Mission : Securing a stronger America through increased U.S. production of healthful, sustainable, and affordable seafood.

Practical:  «Stronger America Through Seafood» via www.strongerthroughseafood.org brings together a diverse board of directors from various backgrounds. With corporate support from contributors including: Cargill, Pacific Seafood, Taylor Shellfish, Pontos Aqua Advisory, Sysco, Pentair, High Liner Foods, Red Lobster, Harvest Select, Woods Hole Group, and Fortune International, LLC, we have the momentum and voice to influence U.S. policymakers to enact legislation establishing a workable regulatory framework for all U.S. Aquaculture production.

Advocacy:  Our immediate focus is at the federal level with a two-pronged approach to initiate change.  The first is through the passage of legislation similar to S. 3138 The AQUAA Act. The Second is through Executive branch action to increase efficiency of existing aquaculture regulations.  

Vision: Increasing Americans’ access to healthful, sustainable and affordable seafood is simple: The U.S. must produce more of its own. The strength and vitality of the U.S. seafood industry creates American jobs, strengthens food security, and through innovative technology, is the future of sustainable sources of healthy protein.  Unfortunately, U.S. seafood production is constrained by extraordinary regulatory hurdles, a misinformed public perception of environmental impact, and limited capital investment to improve technology. The immediate objective of Stronger America Through Seafood is to create a more positive federal regulatory environment for seafood production through federal legislation and rulemaking which will be necessary prior to addressing the other challenges.

Challenge: All Americans deserve access to healthful, sustainable and affordable seafood. For optimum health, the USDA’s 2015 – 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend eating at least eight ounces of seafood per week[1], yet the average per capita supply of seafood available for Americans to eat is two pounds less per year than recommendations[2]. Ironically, while the U.S. has the second largest territorial waters in the world, it remains 16th in seafood production. According to USDA’s Economic Research Service (ERS), American consumption of seafood may be limited by other factors, including a lack of awareness about the health benefits, higher retail prices relative to other proteins like beef and poultry, a static supply of wild fish, and concerns about the safety of imported seafood which make up nearly 90% of the seafood available for Americans today.

Sources:

https://salmonbusiness.com/trump-administration-pushes-for-offshore-fish-farms-across-us-federal-waters/

http://www.alaskafishradio.com/offshore-fish-farms-for-nearly-all-us-federal-waters-pushed-by-trump-administration/

https://www.strongerthroughseafood.org

https://www.alaskapublic.org/2018/09/06/alaska-wary-of-federal-push-for-marine-aquaculture/

Industry group pushing for more aquaculture in the United States
https://www.seafoodsource.com/news/aquaculture/industry-group-pushing-for-more-aquaculture-in-the-united-states

Wicker Introduces Bill to Advance American Aquaculture - Releases - U.S. Senator Roger Wicker
https://www.wicker.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2018/6/wicker-introduces-bill-to-advance-american-aquaculture

https://salmonbusiness.com/justin-trudeaus-government-targets-b-c-s-salmon-farming-industry/

Challenge #7 - Salmon Escapes, Facts on Norway’s latest decade of Farmed Salmon Escapes - Rømninger - Handlingsplan og tiltak :

Challenge #7 - Salmon Escapes, Facts on Norway’s latest decade of Farmed Salmon Escapes - Rømninger - Handlingsplan og tiltak

2019 Law changes in Canada and USA influence and impact new 2019-2020 Norway workprocedures organisational structure permits licences penalties permit withdrawals regulations and even new laws, as well as vice versa !!

2019 : Norway’s four 4 concrete new countermeasures for salmon escapes

Norway’s industry association Sjømatbedriftene, with its CEO Robert Eriksson, has early October 2019 established four 4 concrete new countermeasures for salmon escapes, which have been presented to the Minister for Seafood and Fisheries, Harald Tom Nesvik. In this way Norway’s farmers can be secured improvements in planning and correct work procedures in one’s organisation.

1. Establish clear competency requirements
2. Enforce greater responsibility on the farming companies to recapture escaped fish
3. Stop the permit granting (Licence or Concession) for farming companies that has incurred repeated fish escapes during the last two years
4. Mandatory enforcement of reduction in production (volumes) for farming companies that conciously evades to file a report on fish escapes.

Visjonen er null rømte laks, og sammen skal vi jobbe enda tøffere for å få ned tallet på laks som rømmer, sier Nesvik. OppdrettsNæringen har også jobbet godt med dette de siste ti årene, men så lenge det fortsatt rømmer fisk er det ikke godt nok. Rømmingsproblemene i oppdrettsnæringen er i 2019 igjen på agendaen til Fiskeri- og sjømatminister, Sjømat Norge, Sjømatbedriftene, Kystrederiene og Norsk Industri. Til syvende og sist er det oppdretternes ansvar å sørge for at fisken holder seg inne i merden, sier fiskeri- og sjømatministeren. Sjømatbedriftene har allerede kommet med fire konkrete tiltak de mener kan få bedre kontroll på fiske, slik at man kan unngå rømminger. Et av tiltakene innebærer at selskaper med gjentatte rømminger de to siste årene, ikke skal tilbys vekst. Nå vil jeg se handling fra næringen, og har bedt organisasjonene om å komme med konkrete tiltak innen én uke. Da vil jeg ha svar på hvilke tiltak de mener vil få ned antall rømmingshendelser og som kan iverksettes raskt, sier Nesvik. Myndighetene bruker store ressurser på å føre tilsyn, og regjeringen har økt midlene for overvåkning av rømt fisk i elver. I 2017 ble det dessuten innført en ny strategi mot rømming, med fem prioriterte områder: Kunnskap, erfaringsformidling og dialog, sterk sikkerhetskultur, effektive sikkerhetsregler og faglig beredskap. I tillegg jobber Fiskeridirektoratet for å avdekke årsakene til alle rømminger.
Muligheten for at det har rømt laks vurderes normalt i senere år til å være svært liten. Lokalitetene gjennomfører likevel kontrollfiske i en periode avtalt med Fiskeridirektoratet. 2017 representerte et bunnår med rekordlave 22.409 rømninger fra norske oppdrettsanlegg. De to siste årene 2018-2019 har tallet imidlertid økt kraftig. En unormal rømningshendelse var slik som her. En operatør på Lerøy Midt sitt tilvekstsenter på Hitra observerte en makrellstørje inne i en av merdene på lokalitet Kjørsvikgrunnen. Det ble umiddelbart satt i verk tiltak i henhold til beredskapsplanen med utsett av gjenfangstgarn og tilkalling av dykker. Dialog skal ha blitt opprettet med Fiskeridirektoratet gjennom varslingstjenesten. Det spesielle nå er at
2019 ligger an til å bli året med flest rømminger siden 2011, altså en bratt økning fra senere års konstant fallende trend, med nærmere 300.000 laks på rømmen i 2019 og mer enn 30 hendelser.
Mye tyder dermed på at 2019 blir året med flest oppdrettsrømninger siden 2011. Det er særlig en rømningshendelse fra et settefiskanlegg i sommer (Fjordsmolt, red. anm.) som trekker opp tallene i år. Her rømte det 203 000 fisk, hvorav 105 000 er gjenfanget. I tillegg er antall hendelser med rømming noe høyere enn på samme tid i 2018. I 2018 ble det registrert over 160.000 lakserømninger, og per september i 2019 er det rømt mer laks enn de to foregående årene til sammen. I midten av september hadde Fiskeridirektoratet mottatt 33 rapporter om rømningshendelser fra oppdrettere på om lag 280.000 laks og 2000 regnbueørret. Særlig de siste månedene i 2019 har vært preget av flere store enkelthendelser.

Over two-thirds of all salmon and trout that escaped last year 2018 in Norway belonged to this salmon farmer - Over 100,000 fish escaped from Mowi ASA.

Mowi had the most escapes in 2018. In June last year, the company had imposed on it a two-year environmental monitoring in eight rivers after extensive escapes during the winter. In the beginning of February last year, 54,000 salmon escaped from the Geitryggen locality in Nærøy municipality, Mid-Norway. Shortly after, around 52,000 fish escaped from the Austvika locality in Flatanger municipality, Mid-Norway.
“Mowi works systematically throughout the organisation to prevent fish escaping from our facilities. Nevertheless, 2018 was unfortunately a bad escape for us. We have gone through the events of last year and implemented the necessary changes to prevent similar things from happening again. Although it is demanding and will mean major changes, we are sure that we will be able to reach our goal of no escapes from Mowi nets,” wrote Mowi’s communications manager, Ola Helge Hjetland, in an e-mail to SalmonBusiness.

Norway draws line over number of escaped salmon, as latest numbers revised upwards
By Undercurrent News
Sep. 27, 2019 09:57 BST

Norway's fisheries minister, Harald Nesvik, has called on the nation's salmon farmers to reduce the number of escapes, after a particularly bad period of fish losses.
"We have to work even harder to get the numbers down on salmon escaping," he said. "That is why, for example, the industry is inviting a meeting to correct how we can take this together."
Recently, there have been more escapes from Norwegian fish farms. So far this year, the directorate of fisheries has flagged more than 30 reports of escapes, totaling some 280,000 individuals, it said. 
"With a goal of zero fish on the run, this is simply not a place the industry can live. The industry is expected to learn lessons from these events and sharpen their routines. We already have strict rules, and the governing powers have resources to think about," said Nesvik.
This comes after one of the most recent escapes -- suffered by Slakteriet Brekke, in Gulen municipality -- saw estimates of missing fish revised upwards. When first reported, the directorate said 10,000 fish may have escaped, but now it fears that number is closer to 17,200.
The fish were also suffering from pancreas disease, the producer said in a press release.

Land-based or Ocean-based; it is about how it is managed - Ref. Canada’s history on Salmon Escapes

While Fisheries and Oceans Canada may pay more attention to farmers’ containment management systems (CMS) than they had in the past, “I know the regulations we have in B.C. are strong and sound," Jeremy Dunn, executive director of the British Columbia Salmon Farmers Association in British Columbia, Canada, told SeafoodSource. “There have been significant changes to how our members are regulating and their record of compliance has been 100 percent over the past few years.” In the first few years of ocean-based farming in the province, at least 100,000 fish total likely escaped, according to Dunn. However, over the past four or five years, escapes have fallen to low double digits of individual fish escaping annually.
Legislators’ assertions that ocean-based aquaculture has more negative impacts on the environment than land-based aquaculture is “not supported by the science,” Sebastian Belle, executive director of the Maine Aquaculture Association, told SeafoodSource.

For example, after Maine aquaculture producers and environmental groups jointly developed a rigorous containment management system after several meetings in 2002, they found that fish escapes from land-based farms – while very minimal – were higher than from ocean-based farms. Since the CMS was implemented in Maine, there has been only one fish escape incident, which happened to be ocean-based.

“I don’t believe it matters whether it [the farm] is land-based or ocean-based; it is how it is managed,” Belle said.

“I am concerned that the policy reaction might not be advised by the best science,” Sebastian Belle said. “I worked for a regulatory agency at one point in my career, and I learned that, when you develop public policy in the context of some event that is controversial, often the public policy is not as well thought-through as it might be.”

“Any time there is an event that happens close to home, regulators and governments are going to be aware and are going to review the plans they have in place and the regulations they have for dealing with things,” Jeremy Dunn, executive director of the British Columbia Salmon Farmers Association in British Columbia, Canada, told SeafoodSource.

2019 : ASF Calls Effects from Salmon Die-Off a Major Environmental Disaster - Fish farm deaths, escapes raise concerns about Atlantic Canada’s aquaculture industry.

In a large 2019 incident involving Northern Harvest Sea Farms in Canada owned by MOWI, the Mowi corporation says half of Eastern Canada farmed salmon dead, admits failure in reporting mortalities. The salmon mortalities reached 2.6 million fish, the company said. Accordingly then, The Newfoundland and Labrador provincial government suspended 10 of 13 sites licensed in Atlantic Canada to salmon farming giant Mowi "until further notice," In 2019 a mass salmon die-off at a Newfoundland fish farm last month has highlighted environmental risks and transparency issues facing the region’s growing aquaculture industry as some Atlantic provinces pin economic hopes on its development.
Northern Harvest Sea Farms, owned by the Norwegian company Mowi, attributed the deaths to an extended period of high water temperatures, between 17 and 21 C. The incident was reported shortly after news that about 1,000 farmed salmon escaped from a Cooke Aquaculture site in New Brunswick. Neville Crabbe, spokesman for the Atlantic Salmon Federation, said the incidents highlight the environmental and transparency risks that come with aquaculture, particularly around open net pen salmon farming. Crabbe said changes to aquaculture policy announced in Newfoundland and Labrador last week and a review of New Brunswick’s Aquaculture Act are good steps toward a more sustainable industry. But with the ongoing development of a federal Aquaculture Act, announced by federal Fisheries Minister Jonathan Wilkinson last December, Crabbe said a “jurisdictional tug of war” over regulations has created more confusion around what Atlantic Canada’s growing aquaculture sector will look like.
«I think right now it’s fair to say governance of the entire industry is somewhat in flux,” he said. «While there’s a push to rapidly expand, I think there’s also some pullback now from within government to say ‘Whoa guys, let’s slow down here.’”

The Atlantic Salmon Federation estimates about 1.8-million salmon were affected in the mass die-off on the island’s south coast. Director of Programs with the ASF, Don Ivany says they have yet to hear anything ‘official,’ but they place their estimates at about 9,000 tonnes of rotting salmon. That translates into about 1.8-million fish in 72 net pens across a 30-kilometre section of shoreline on the south coast. As comparison, the average blue whale can weigh as much as 200 tonnes. Ivany calls it a major environmental disaster. He says all of the organic material dumped into the water leads to nutrification and algae blooms—both of which strip oxygen from the water. He says you also get changes to the ecology with a lot of microscopic organisms beginning to feed on it, leading to the whole ecosystem being changed.
The Atlantic Salmon Federation believes a public investigation needs to happen.

Tension between federal and provincial wishes for aquaculture in Canada has popped up in 2019 as an election issue, and one item in the federal Liberal election platform released Sunday has sparked concern within the industry. The party says it will develop a plan to move British Columbia from open net salmon farming to closed containment by 2025. (!!)

Washington new 2019 law that would phase out net-pen aquaculture for non-native species, such as Atlantic salmon - Ref. Status on farming in US states!

In 2017 a total of 160,000 fish were still on the loose since Atlantic salmon escaped from the Cooke Aquaculture net off Cypress Island in August 2017. The reason was a fish farm belonging to Cooke collapsed at the Cypress Island farm site #2 off the state of Washington on the US Pacific Coast. “I don’t have details on who built the cage or who specifically worked on the farm in July. I do know this cage was due for replacement and reorientation and we had submitted permit applications to do this work. The farm system was to be replaced after this group of fish was harvested – which was scheduled for this fall,” says Cooke. In a press release, Gov. Jay Inslee and Commissioner of Public Lands Hilary Franz say that the state will not issue any new leases or permits for marine Atlantic salmon net pens until a full review of this incident has been completed. The total number of fish recovered from the damaged farm site is 142,176. The site is now clear of fish. That means over 160,000 fish escaped from the farm, as the total number was orignally 305,000 fish.

Cooke Seafood’s Washington woes in the USA are noteable today. It was the escape of between 160,000-263,0000 Atlantic salmon -- the precise number is in dispute -- from a Cooke net pen facility near Cypress Island in August 2017 that led to the passage of a critical bill for the Seafood industry. In March 2018 the Washington's governor, Democrat Jay Inslee, signed a bill into law that would phase out net-pen aquaculture for non-native species, such as Atlantic salmon. The law took effect 60 days after the signing.

Cooke Aquaculture’s acquisition of Icicle Seafoods gave the Canadian firm access to Atlantic salmon farms in Washington state, in the US Pacific northwest. Joel Richardson, a spokesman for Cooke, told Undercurrent News that the company is looking at its options. «Maybe we should look at farming other species. Maybe we should look at not having any operations there at all. There are all kinds of options that we need to consider right now. All of those different options are on the table at this point in time,» he said.

“The Unified Incident Command”, Washington state

The Unified Incident Command, which is made up of state and other agencies, has been set up to coordinate investigations into why the fish farm collapsed.

New EU project addresses fish farm escapes

https://www.seafoodsource.com/news/aquaculture/new-eu-project-addresses-fish-farm-escapes

Challenge #8 - Algae Bloom & Oxygen Depletion :

Challenge #8 - Algae Bloom & Oxygen Depletion

Various types of difficult and unpredictable circumstances such as algal blooms jellyfish and diseases will be an increasing concerns in years to come.

Norway's salmon biomass holds steady in 2019 despite deadly algal bloom.

Kontali: Algae losses offset by strong growth
The losses experienced as a result of Norway's recent algal bloom were offset by stronger feed sales and growth in May, research consultancy company Kontali Analyse said in latest report. Biomass losses were between 13,000 and14,000 metric tons in total, however, Norwegian salmon exports surged. Despite increased salmon mortality from the algal bloom in Norway last month, the Norwegian Seafood Federation said the country's overall biomass is near the same levels as the year prior. The reason comes from increased harvests counterbalancing the number of dead salmon recorded

The Algal bloom has wiped out millions of salmon in northern Norway. Analyst: Algal bloom could wipe out 1% of Norway's salmon biomass. The algal bloom reported in Northern Norway in May 2019 is spreading in Nordland and has hit two new sites, according to reports from salmon farmers on Monday. The event is the worst algal bloom in Norway in three decades. Norwegian aquaculture consultancy agency Kontali Analyse anticipates salmon harvests to drop more than 20,000 metric tons this season 2019 because of the algal bloom, its latest report reveals.

Kontali on algal bloom: Expect 'drastic changes' to harvest volume. Prior to the algal bloom, Kontali estimated half of the global supply of salmon --1.32 million metric tons -- coming from Norway this year, a 5.4 percent increase from last year. However, the situation changes "drastically" with the bloom.

The algal bloom has wiped out more than 11,600 metric tons of salmon in northern Norway so far.
Nine companies have been affected so far by the bloom. The weight of the dead fish varies from 700 grams to 5.5 kilos. Per May 24 2019 the catastrophic algal bloom has wiped out a value of NOK 800 million (€82.1 million/$91.9 million) worth of farmed salmon till now. The algal bloom had wiped out a value of around 7.1 million fish by Sunday May 26, the Norwegian Fisheries Directorate reports. Losses in Nordland county ran to 3.7 million fish (6,400 metric tons) with Troms having lost 4 million (Troms 6,800 metric tons).

Norwegian salmon giant SalMar was forced to harvest salmon ahead of time at one of its centers in the vicinity of the spreading algal bloom, Olav-Andreas Ervik, CEO of SalMar, said during the company’s quarterly presentation.
«It is a tragic situation for many farmers,» said Ervik. Mortality rates at the affected sites were "very high."
"[Of the companies reporting losses] it's all from quite marginal to nearly 90 percent. Insurers only cover about 20 percent of production costs in the event of an algal bloom. Farmers will have to bear a lot of profit loss in the event, according to the Norwegian insurer Gjensidige. All salmon breeders have insurance covering algal blooms but only the cost of exposing smolt, feeding and work up to the time of the injury. The Norwegian industry association Sjømatbedriftenes CEO Robert Eriksson has called on the Norwegian government for a compensation scheme for salmon farmers' hit by the recent algal bloom, especially since agricultural farmers received around NOK 2.5 billion (€256.4 million/$285.6 million) following a brutal drought last year.

Algal bloom likely to have 'significant impact' on global salmon supply

The chrysochromulina leadbeateri algal bloom is likely to have a “significant impact” on salmon supply in the 2019-20 year, according to an update by equity research group ABG Sundal Collier.
The supply reduction could translate into a significant increase in salmon prices.
Norwegian salmon prices surged at least NOK 10 (€1/$1.10) per kilo this week, although there are mixed opinions about where the market is headed. Most of the dead fish from the algal bloom have been cleared from the affected farms, which led to a dramatic rise in prices initially, an exporter told IntraFish. However, prices may go down following the bloom, according to another breeder. Big gaps exist in the larger-sized fish prices. So Norwegian salmon prices were ‘very divergent’.

Scientist: 'Salmon farmers are not to blame for algal bloom'. Scientists at the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research said salmon farmers cannot be blamed for the algal bloom that’s hit the coasts of Troms and Nordland, reports NRK. “Salmon farming cannot possibly be the cause of this algae bloom. There is a relatively low density of farmed salmon in these areas. Claims that farmers are to blame for the algal bloom are wrong.

The toxic algae was confirmed as chrysochromulina, a strain that also bloomed in Norway in 1991 causing widespread salmon. In June 2019 the Algae levels was falling, and the authorities remained on standby. There are signs of lover algae numbers and that the bloom/species is less harmful. High concentrations of algae have continued without causing fish to die and algae bloom may appear in smaller areas, Norway's Fisheries Directorate reports. Authorities plan to continue to make daily assessments and gradually step down emergency preparedness over the week if the situation improves further.

Algal bloom disaster prompts new interest in warning system

Norwegian marine research institute Sintef is hoping the recent algal bloom that hit northern Norway's salmon production will spur funding for a tool that could alert the industry to future outbreaks. Sintef began work on the system eight years ago to try to reduce the impact of exactly the type of problem that recently occurred in Lofoten. But at the time, it was not easy to get funding, and research had to be shelved, said Sintef.

2019 : ASF in Canada Calls Effects from Salmon Die-Off a Major Environmental Disaster - Fish farm deaths, escapes raise concerns about Atlantic Canada’s aquaculture industry.

In a large 2019 incident involving Northern Harvest Sea Farms in Canada owned by MOWI, the Mowi corporation says half of Eastern Canada farmed salmon dead, admits failure in reporting mortalities. The salmon mortalities reached 2.6 million fish, the company said. Accordingly then, The Newfoundland and Labrador provincial government suspended 10 of 13 sites licensed in Atlantic Canada to salmon farming giant Mowi "until further notice," In 2019 a mass salmon die-off at a Newfoundland fish farm last month has highlighted environmental risks and transparency issues facing the region’s growing aquaculture industry as some Atlantic provinces pin economic hopes on its development.
Northern Harvest Sea Farms, owned by the Norwegian company Mowi, attributed the deaths to an extended period of high water temperatures, between 17 and 21 C. The incident was reported shortly after news that about 1,000 farmed salmon escaped from a Cooke Aquaculture site in New Brunswick. Neville Crabbe, spokesman for the Atlantic Salmon Federation, said the incidents highlight the environmental and transparency risks that come with aquaculture, particularly around open net pen salmon farming. Crabbe said changes to aquaculture policy announced in Newfoundland and Labrador last week and a review of New Brunswick’s Aquaculture Act are good steps toward a more sustainable industry. But with the ongoing development of a federal Aquaculture Act, announced by federal Fisheries Minister Jonathan Wilkinson last December, Crabbe said a “jurisdictional tug of war” over regulations has created more confusion around what Atlantic Canada’s growing aquaculture sector will look like.
«I think right now it’s fair to say governance of the entire industry is somewhat in flux,” he said. «While there’s a push to rapidly expand, I think there’s also some pullback now from within government to say ‘Whoa guys, let’s slow down here.’”

The Atlantic Salmon Federation estimates about 1.8-million salmon were affected in the mass die-off on the island’s south coast. Director of Programs with the ASF, Don Ivany says they have yet to hear anything ‘official,’ but they place their estimates at about 9,000 tonnes of rotting salmon. That translates into about 1.8-million fish in 72 net pens across a 30-kilometre section of shoreline on the south coast. As comparison, the average blue whale can weigh as much as 200 tonnes. Ivany calls it a major environmental disaster. He says all of the organic material dumped into the water leads to nutrification and algae blooms—both of which strip oxygen from the water. He says you also get changes to the ecology with a lot of microscopic organisms beginning to feed on it, leading to the whole ecosystem being changed.
The Atlantic Salmon Federation believes a public investigation needs to happen.

Jeffrey Hutchings, a marine biologist at Dalhousie University, said it’s very possible warmer-than-usual water temperatures contributed to the die-off. But it’s the combination with an “unnaturally high density” of distressed salmon in crowded cages that causes problems, he said. «I’d say to regulators, we need to think about the sustainability of such an industry in a warming climate,” he said. “It’s natural for fish to die, but it’s not natural for this amount of fish to die and in such a small area over a short period of time.” Keith Sullivan, president of Unifor’s Fish Food and Allied Workers Union, said regulations need to change to prevent similar problems at other fish farms. That may include imposing stricter rules around where salmon cages can be placed and lowering stocking densities, he said.

Tension between federal and provincial wishes for aquaculture in Canada has popped up in 2019 as an election issue, and one item in the federal Liberal election platform released Sunday has sparked concern within the industry. The party says it will develop a plan to move British Columbia from open net salmon farming to closed containment by 2025. (!!)

Salmones Camanchaca deploying new anti-algae tech in all farms

Meanwhile, over in Chile, Salmones Camanchaca is implementing a new technology to dissipate algae at all its salmon sites to prevent accidents such as the deadly bloom reported by the company this summer. The Camanchaca company saw sanitary conditions at the sites worsen in the summer of 2019 – December to March – caused by higher temperatures and a lack of wind and rains. These conditions provoked an algal bloom that killed 0.4 percent of the company’s biomass in algal blooms.” The company has biomass insurance coverage for algal blooms. Camanchaca is currently farming 2.2 million fish in the vicinity of Pilpilehue site. The industry in Chile is no stranger to the damage that can be done by algal blooms and suffered a similar crisis in 2016.

Mowi’s Northern Harvest blames mass fish die-off on warm water in September 2019.

Canada's Northern Harvest Sea Farms, which Norway's Mowi ASA purchased in 2018, has suffered from a mass die-off of salmon at its Newfoundland and Labrador farms. The company, according to the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, has not disclosed how many fish have been lost in die-offs that began in early September but processing plant workers have been furloughed due to a lack of fish.
The farm's spokesman, Jason Card, said that salmon normally thrive in water temperatures between 5 and 15 C, but water temperatures hovered between 18 and 21 C in August. «Temperature spikes are not abnormal, but for that length of time they are,»Card said. He ruled out other common problems for fish farmers -- viruses and sea lice -- as the cause of the die-offs. Some workers at the Barry Group fish plant in Harbour Breton are worried about the future of their jobs. «All our jobs are probably going to be in turmoil.… All the salmon are dying,» Gloria Pierce, a 40-year veteran of the plant said. "Bottom line is there's no work for us, not for the remainder of this year until … maybe next year in August, which is a long time." Eric Day, another plant worker, blamed the die-offs on sea lice, which Northern Harvest has denied. «Now it's to the point that the sea lice [have] really grabbed hold of the fish big time, and of course it's killing the fish," Day said.

Report warns investors aquaculture risks could 'sink' the sector

A new report is warning financiers against investing in the aquaculture sector amid fears that low governance, climate change, antibiotic resistance and an unstable feed supply could “sink” the industry. The paper, "Shallow returns?", from the Farm Animal Investment Risk and Return (FAIRR), uses recent events such as the current algal bloom in Norway and the ongoing investigation over price-fixing allegations against Norwegian salmon companies

Challenge #9 - Scientific conclusions about Overfishing of Wild fish populations, farmed salmon having any kill potential for wild salmon stocks, Interbreeding factors, Competition for food, Loss of habitat (Habitat invasion) , Disease transmission plus current impacts of Climate Change.

Challenge #9 - Overfishing of Wild fish populations & Loss of habitat

To start with note this But we have to look past the spin, hype and controversy, and inform ourselves as best we can with science and fact not myths and fears.

Fact 1 : More than 85 percent of the world’s fisheries have been pushed to or are beyond their biological limits, studies have concluded. So this Another undeniable fact is that our seas and oceans are unable to meet the human demand for seafood.

The irony here in BC is the anti-farm propaganda from activists and others in the commercial and sports fisheries sectors is wrapped around consumerism – save the species so we can hunt and eat them. The result deprives the world of a healthy source of protein at affordable prices despite the global unanimity that aquaculture is the go-to method for sustainable fish production to prevent the total ecological collapse of the planet’s fisheries.

Fact 2 : Despite decades of research, including the findings by the Cohen Commission, there is no science that states salmon farms kill wild stocks.
Nowhere more than in BC is this undeniable fact hidden in the public debate about salmon farming.

The polarization here in BC about salmon farming has to stop but the debate around it does not have to. The more British Columbians get involved in decisions about how and where our food is produced, the better it will be for our oceans and those who depend on it for their livelihoods.

Fact 3 : If we are serious about Pacific salmon being a “keystone” species in British Columbia, we need to heed the words of ocean explorer Jacques Cousteau – “We must plant the sea and herd its animals using the sea as farmers instead of hunters.” But we have to look past the spin, hype and controversy, and inform ourselves as best we can with science and fact not myths and fears.

Source :
http://seawestnews.com/the-inconvenient-truth-about-salmon-farming-in-b-c/amp/

Interbreeding, Competition for food, Habitat invasion plus Disease transmission - Scientific conclusions!

Here are some of the key elements established by the world’s leading aquaculture and fisheries scientists about Atlantic Salmon farming in the Pacific Northwest.

Interbreeding:

Concerns about crossbreeding/ interbreeding farmed salmon (Atlantics) with wild Pacific stocks in the event of escapes are unfounded. Over the past 40+ years, hatchery scientists made many attempts to interbreed these different species; all were unsuccessful.

Competition for food:

Concerns about farmed salmon taking over habitat, if, and when, they escape, are unfounded as well. Again, peer-reviewed studies have shown convincingly that “captive” or pen-reared salmon have not learned how to “hunt” for food, simply because they are used to being fed on a regular timetable. Atlantic salmon, in particular, appear to be non-competitive with local species. Moreover, when the stomachs of “escaped” Atlantic salmon are examined, they have been found to be empty. In B.C. over the last decade, fewer than 100 fish have escaped from salmon farms each year.

Habitat invasion:

Scientists to date have found no evidence of Atlantic salmon spawning on the West Coast of North America. Canada’s Department of Fisheries (DFO) has consistently maintained that there is an extremely low likelihood of Atlantic salmon becoming established in B.C. waters.

Disease transmission: Salmon in an aquaculture setting are raised in a certified disease-free hatchery, then vaccinated against saltwater disease, and certified disease-free before they are moved to net pens. No example of disease transfer from farmed salmon to wild fish has ever been documented by any regulatory agency in the state of Washington.

Source :
http://seawestnews.com/canada-reacts-washingtons-ban-atlantic-salmon-farming/amp/

Concerning Environmental and Economic conditions, Today there are these two main arguments against finfish farming.

One is environmental: farmed fish can escape, like what happened last year in Washington State, when hundreds of thousands of Atlantic salmon broke free from their pen and traveled miles up rivers in the Pacific Northwest
The other argument is economic.
“If you increase supply, prior to increasing demand or without the effort to increase demand, your prices drop,” Julie Decker, executive director of the Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation, said.

A study of a notorious 2013 escape of approximately 20,000 salmon from a Newfoundland pen confirmed fears about the risks these escapees pose to wild populations. Federal fisheries scientists reported “widespread evidence of hybridization” after the 2013 escape, finding offspring of wild and farmed fish in 17 out of 18 surveyed rivers, according to a report published in September 2018 in the journal Communication Biology. Crabbe said a sustainable, more environmentally safe industry is possible if regulators acknowledge mistakes, restore public trust and look abroad for best practices. «No industry can grow if people don’t trust the companies, if people don’t trust the regulators and if the industry itself is causing inappropriate and undue harm to the environment within which it operates,» he said. “At that point it’s just not a sustainable industry.”

During this period of growth of the Atlantic Canadian fish farms, one federal watchdog warned in a report 2018 that Fisheries and Oceans Canada had not balanced the industry’s risks with its mandate to protect wild fish. In a 2018 report, Julie Gelfand, federal environment commissioner at the time, called for more detailed monitoring and study of the industry, pointing to the understudied effect of pesticide use and the risk of salmon escapes. These escapes can result in genetic defects that threaten wild fish populations.

Source :
https://www.alaskapublic.org/2018/09/06/alaska-wary-of-federal-push-for-marine-aquaculture/

https://www.google.no/amp/s/www.thestar.com/amp/news/canada/2019/10/01/fish-farm-deaths-escapes-raise-concerns-about-atlantic-canadas-aquaculture-industry.html

Alaska’s rivers ended up 2019 meeting or exceeding their escapement for salmon, plus The Bristol Bay fleet hauled in 43 million fish in the summer 2019 – the second-largest harvest on record.

In 2019 all Alaska’s rivers ended up meeting or exceeding their escapement, meaning enough fish went on to spawn in their natal streams and lakes. The enormous 2019 Bristol Bay catch was harvested during one of the hottest, driest summers ever in Bristol Bay. In some rivers however then, the run was halted by thermal barriers – pockets of water that were too warm for the salmon to swim through. Sands said that was the case in the Igushik, on the west side of the bay. «We did see and hear reports of many, many sockeye dying in the Igushik river». The Bristol Bay fleet hauled in 43 million fish in the summer 2019 – the second-largest harvest on record. Tim Sands, an area management biologist for Fish and Game, says part of why the catch was so large this year is because more of the returning fish were 1-3s – that is, they had spent one year in freshwater and three in the ocean, and so had more time to grow. More than 56 million fish in total returned to Bristol Bay this summer 2019. That’s far more than predicted and is the sixth-largest run ever recorded. At $306.5 million, the preliminary exvessel value for the 2019 salmon season is the highest in the fishery’s history. The exvessel price is the amount of money fishermen get when they sell their salmon to a processor. But the key word here is “preliminary.” “That average price of $1.35 is only going to increase,” he said. “We don’t know what the final price will be, but it will be higher than a buck thirty-five. And then that will influence the total exvessel value for the 2019 Bristol Bay harvest.” «That total value will only go higher,” said Garrett Evridge, an economist with the McDowell Group, an Anchorage-based consulting firm.

2019 : Government-appointed council calls for immediate actions to increase Canada B.C.’s wild salmon population.

The Wild Salmon Advisory Council says in its 30-page report that the government should take on the role of the champion of wild salmon. The government-appointed council says British Columbia must take immediate action to increase wild salmon populations. It says that despite billions of dollars in public and private investments over the past 30 years to protect, restore, enhance and manage B.C.’s wild salmon and steelhead populations, the stocks continue to weaken, with some at alarming rates. «We heard at multiple times, and in many ways, that increasing wild salmon abundance is and should be a provincial government goal,” the report says. “We also heard repeatedly that the citizens of B.C., and particularly adjacent communities, must benefit directly from the public investment that will be required.” The report makes 13 recommendations to the government to increase wild salmon populations, urging quick action to protect salmon habitats that have not been disturbed and restore degraded habitats. The government said it is reviewing the council’s report as part of its plan to restore wild salmon stocks.

2018 with effect for 2022 : Re-establishing a farm-free migration corridor in Canada’s Broughton Archipelago area at Vancouver Island.

In a 2018 major agreement with First Nations on Vancouver Island, the B.C. government announced recommendations for protecting wild salmon stocks in the Broughton Archipelago area, including transitioning nearly a dozen fish farms out of the region over the next four years. The 2018 measures, including the closure of 10 farms by the end of 2022 and the conditional operation of the remaining seven the following year, were agreed to by the two fish farm operators in the area, MOWI with its Marine Harvest Canada, and Cermaq Canada. “We’re going to have salmon enhancements in our territories, and we’re going to achieve a lot of the dreams that have been spoken of by leaders long before my time.”
Under the agreement, 10 farms operating in the area will cease operations by 2022, some of them immediately. The remaining seven will shut down the following year unless agreements between the industry and First Nations are put in place along with renewed federal fisheries licences. The transition will be overseen by a First Nations-led monitoring and inspection program, which will also ensure the restoration and rehabilitation of the local wild salmon habitat. That will include re-establishing a farm-free migration corridor in the Broughton.

Canadian Fisheries Minister Jonathan Wilkinson stated this; «We look forward to reviewing the recommendations regarding the future of aquaculture in the #Broughton Archipelago. We will with work all partners going forward, and are committed to environmental sustainability, protecting salmon and creating jobs. @JonathanWNV Twitter : ow.ly/MGGA101oPhl
Federal Minister Wilkinson said the steps taken in the province reflected his own concerns with protecting fish habitats across the country, including his recent announcement of a restructuring of Canada’s aquaculture industry that takes a more environmentally sustainable approach. «We understand that we have a collective responsibility to ensure that fish and their habitat are protected for future generations, and we take this responsibility very seriously,” the minister said. The agreement is the latest in not only the province’s ongoing reconciliation efforts with First Nations, but also its overhaul of the local fish farming industry. In June, the NDP introduced new rules mandating fish farm operators get clearance from the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans that they are not adversely affecting wild salmon populations, and that the province would only renew or issue permits to companies that have negotiated agreements with the First Nation in whose territory the company would operate.
Those measures will come into effect starting in June 2022.

Concerns in lean years over poor king salmon runs and decreased Chinook runs, across the state of Alaska unfolding both in Southeast Alaska and in Western Alaska.

Another matter is that as king runs lag, fishers consider cause and prevention. Panels of fisheries experts currently also gather together about cause and prevention. “The Southeast Alaska Chinook runs have decreased dramatically and were entirely shut down this year and then some of the runs in Western Alaska have also been declining at alarming rates.” Austin Williams at National conservation nonprofit, Trout Unlimited said, overall, the state has successfully managed its fisheries. «We need to continue to do that and we need to continue to recognize that in the lean years when we don’t have as many fish returning as we’d like, we need to curtail back fishing and when we have years of abundance, we need to make sure that we go fishing and enjoy that,» Williams said.

«Stock of concern” river designations in Alaska !!

For more than five years, Southeast’s iconic king salmon have been returning in fewer and fewer numbers. Managers with the Alaska Department of Fish and Game are recommending Chilkat, Unuk and King Salmon River Chinooks become official “stocks of concern.” Next year, biologists are predicting the smallest number ever of Chinook salmon returning to the Chilkat River. Brian Elliott monitors Chinook stock for Fish and Game in Haines. «I’ve been studying Chinook on this river for twenty years,» Elliot said. “It’s very painful to watch this happen.”
The Department is recommending Chilkat Chinook for a “stock of concern” designation. Kings from the Unuk and King Salmon rivers will also likely get the title — and new management plans that will restrict harvest.

The escapement goal represents the number of fish that need to spawn to guarantee there are enough baby fish for healthy and harvestable runs. And that’s not happening. “It was the lowest escapement estimate since we’ve been conducting this kind of research. This is a region-wide effect — it’s not specific to Chilkat, it’s not specific to Northern Southeast,” Elliott said. “This is a sweeping problem.”

Ed Jones, hhe Fish and Game’s Chinook Research Initiative Coordinator, agrees and echoes concerns. He said while it’s typical to see salmon cycle through better and worse runs, these numbers are not normal. Or at least, they didn’t use to be. «The cycles are increasing in amplitude. What we’re seeing today is the peaks and valleys are extremely dramatic,» Jones said. “Unprecedented. Either unprecedented bad times, or unprecedented good times. And we haven’t seen the good time yet.”

“Despite restrictive actions in all our fisheries — we’ve really pulled back the reins on harvest — we’re still not making our escapement goals,” Elliott said. «That tells us this is a production problem. This is a survival problem.” Ed Jones agreed. He says baby king salmon are suffering from marine mortality. «They’re just dying when they go into the ocean. From Southeast to the Yukon, this mortality is occurring at their first few months at sea. We surmise it’s probably something to do with water temperature and food,» Jones said. “But say we found out the water was too warm. It’s not like we’re going to be able to cool the water off.”

Managers can’t jump in the water and guard fish: they can only adjust the behavior of people. Giving Chinooks “stock of concern” status will give the Department new guidelines to enforce who can fish when. ADF&G’s draft action plan includes a scale of lenient to stringent restrictions for each fishery that’s likely to see kings from the Chilkat, Unuk or King Salmon River. Options include restrictions by gear — such as limiting mesh sizes for gillnetters — to closing fishing areas, postponing or shortening seasons, and ratcheting down bag limits.
The Board of Fish will choose which level of restriction to run with for each fishery — commercial, sport and subsistence. They can mix, match, add or reject elements of the draft plan. Last year 2017, sport, commercial, and subsistence fisheries all operated on restrictions, until the Department embargoed catching kings in late August. Elliott said fishermen should expect more restrictions in 2018. «When we’re in this kind of low abundance level, every fish does matter,» Elliott said. “We’re going to try to reduce harvest to an absolute minimum in all fisheries.”

Climate change has impact on the ocean.

The special MSC announcement in September 2019 came at the same time as another by the MSC urging governments and the fishing industry to step up efforts to anticipate the effects climate change will have on fisheries. That request was spurred on by a landmark report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which took a close look at how climate change will affect the oceans. 

“They’ve come in the habit of writing special reports with a special focus, and this is the first one on the cryosphere, the oceans,” Hans Nieuwenhuis, regional director for the Northern European region at the MSC, told SeafoodSource. “It’s the first time we’ll have a comprehensive picture of how climate change, through many many factors, is having an impact on the ocean.” The IPCC report includes extensive details about how the current distributions of commercial seafood will shift as ocean temperatures change. As those populations move to follow warmer – or cooler – waters, many popular commercial species may end up leaving the fishing grounds they are currently in. 
As those distributions shift, new countries that never had a viable commercial fishery of some species may suddenly be “seated at the table” when it comes to negotiating sustainable quotas between governments. Nieuwenhuis pointed out that it’s not a hypothetical result of global climate change, but something that’s already happening, as is the case with the Northeast Atlantic mackerel fishery. 

Oceans pushed to crisis point, Overfishing & other pressures at fault

“Overfishing – along with pollution, climate change and other pressures – has pushed our oceans to crisis point,” Howes wrote in the MSC report. “And yet this feels like a time for optimism – and a time for change. The world has woken up to the crisis facing our oceans.

Climate change, as well, was a key part of the report. In the wake of the landmark Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report on the oceans – which outlined the changes the ocean will face as climate change’s impacts increase – the MSC put out a call to governments to begin anticipating the effects of climate change.

Howes said that engaging fisheries in programs like the MSC will be crucial to deal with the impacts of climate change.
“They’re the best placed to adapt,” he said of MSC certified fisheries. The requirements of MSC certification – which includes scientific analysis and management of the fishery – allow fisheries to recognize and react to changes as they happen.
“They have robust monitoring regimes capable of discriminating new science, new data," he said.

The U.N. Sustainable Development Goal to conserve and sustainably use the ocean and marine resources has galvanized new partnerships and frameworks. We’re seeing increasing political and corporate commitment, backed up by unprecedented consumer concern sparked by programs like the BBC’s Blue Planet II and Netflix’s Our Planet and growing awareness of ocean plastics and the climate crisis. The MSC is determined to be part of the solution.”

Source :
https://www.alaskapublic.org/2017/10/23/as-king-runs-lag-fishers-consider-cause-and-prevention/

https://www.alaskapublic.org/2017/12/27/as-kings-suffer-across-southeast-chilkat-chinook-candidate-for-stock-of-concern/

MSC’s annual report outlines new standards, highlights increased consumer awareness
https://www.seafoodsource.com/news/environment-sustainability/msc-s-annual-report-outlines-new-standards-highlights-increased-consumer-awareness

Challenge #10 - Communication Toolkits needed to ensure aquaculture in 2019 is not about ‘wild vs farmed’ but about ‘wild and farmed’ co-existing sustainably to combat climate change, over-fishing, and loss of habitat.

The new Northwest Pacific Aquaculture Alliance.

A proponent of moving the aquaculture narrative from “conflict to conversation”, Fraser said the cross-border alliance can be an effective pedestal to showcase “the story of just how important and progressive this industry is.”

“Aquaculture is an important, responsible industry helping feed a hungry world while protecting wild populations from overfishing by providing a sustainably-raised alternative. Every salmon raised on a farm is one less wild salmon caught and eaten,” he said.

“The reality is the science tells us B.C.’s salmon farms are not harming populations of wild salmon, but supporting them. We need to tell that story.”

Source :
https://seawestnews.com/opening-up-minds-about-aquaculture-in-2019%EF%BB%BF/amp/

What do you think is the biggest misconception about salmon farming in British Columbia?

“I think the biggest misconception is that our industry does not care or think about the state of wild salmon. I think the central dispute is that it is about one fish versus another. It is not. The reality is science tells us wild and farm fish populations can co-exist in the ocean, and we know that salmon farming plays a crucial role in protecting wild fish by providing a sustainable alternative when families are grocery shopping
My mission, and the work that I am doing with our board and all of our members is to shift the negative to positive and promote the strong co-existence message. I don’t know that there is any other way forward than co-existence, given growing populations, diminishment of our ability to grow food on land over the decades to come, the nutritional value of what we can grow in the ocean and the availability of the ocean here in British Columbia. You know Jacques Cousteau said that the oceans need to be farmed and the animals need to be herded, not hunted. There is no logic in us pursuing a growth strategy that would diminish the ability by the environment to provide for that growth. I think that a lot of work that the industry does, which is at the forefront of conservation of wild stocks, is really misunderstood.

What is your definition of success in this role?

“Well, my definition of success is to get people coming to the conclusion that when they put farmed fish on their dinner table it is a healthy thing to do, and a good thing to do for preserving wild salmon. If we can get more people to feel that way then we have more opportunities to grow more partnerships — with more First Nations, with more community groups and more consumers.  It would also mean more science and more innovation can be funded to always stay on top of issues, because we do work in a natural environment and there is still so much to learn. We can do all these things if more people begin to equate our farmed salmon as essential to wild salmon conservation.”

Source :
http://seawestnews.com/moving-the-salmon-farm-debate-from-conflict-to-conservation/amp/

Challenge #11 - The international Year of Salmon 2019

Challenge #12 - Keeping Wild Salmon Stocks Wild

Mr Odin Strand and Mr Anton Strand, Co-Owners of Brødrene Strand A/S and previously Veidar 1 , Fevåg Trøndelag Norway ! —

Expertise in Norway’s Salmon Farming and Fisheries Offshore

The author’s Introduction to Summary photos, Enjoy !

Story part 1 in this picture : The «F/V Brothers» epoque. The wooden motor boat «F/V Brothers» for halibut and salmon in Petersburg Alaska circa 1906 owned operated by the Strand brothers (Family name before the USA immigration was Aspestrand) Anton Edvard Christoffersen - Ole Kristian Christoffersen - Kristian Alfred Christoffersen . Next then «Veidar» wooden motor boat for Herring and Cod in Fevåg Trøndelag Norway owned operated by the very same Strand brothers around 1930s here fishing in Lofoten and even up north at Svalbard.

Story part 2 in this picture : The «Veidar 1» epoque. So follows «Veidar 1» steel seiner ship with great powerblocks for Herring Macquerel all over the North Sea to Barentshavet and also offshore Africa’s West Coast down to Ghana Senegal, owned and operated by the Strand brothers Odin and Anton till they sold this ship and reinvested their capital in a company for Farming of Rainbow Trout and Atlantic Salmon in Fevåg.

Story part 3 in this picture : The «Astra» epoque. For the years operating offshore Africa the ship was leased to the Swedish corporation named «Astra» and the two Strand brothers worked as principal crew on the ship that amongst a dozen other seiner ships caught herring and macquerel and delivered daily to the mother ship named «Astra» ( a rebuilt and refurbished whale production ship from Antarctica operations around the 1950s ) where «Astra» further processed the fish catches into fish flour and also oil and butter products for markets in Europe. This «Astra» partnership ended abruptly when «Astra» was hit in the fog by a tanker and then rapidly sank outside Africa.

Newly introduced very strict Herring controls to salvage and rebuild the entire Herring population under Norway’s Fisheries Management regulations after the 1960s Herring overfishing status then prohibited Veidar 1 from a renewed quota offshore and inshore waters of Norway. Hence «Veidar 1»was sold.

Story part 4 in this picture : The «Brødrene Strand A/S» epoque. The Strand brothers accordingly migrated from the Fisheries over to Salmon Farming inshore in Trondheimsfjorden where they also ventured into the Salmon Smoking Process with then Norway’s high-tech automated smoking equipment. The two entrepreneurs Odin Strand and Anton Strand with their Fish Farm company named «Brødrene Strand A/S» in Fevåg at Rissa, via naturally large Trondheim based export companies, sold to markets globally fresh frozen plus superior quality smoked Salmon products with success !

Brødrene Strand A/S was in Trøndelag and overall in Norway in the pioneer days of the new modern fish farming industry so highly recognized and renowned for superior quality on smoked salmon fillet packaged products that there was in the 1970s given a contract to the company to mentor the smokery factory industry for its shipments to the supermarkets in Canada. So Odin Strand represented Brødrene Strand A/S as the contracted mentor for the Smoked Salmon Process done at the village Nain as the northernmost society on the East Coast of Canada, and this author was working with Odin where I also was mentoring the factory workers by the same methods and procedures. We taught the Canada industry the newest technology and standards over compacted three weeks time.

Story part 5 in this picture : Above first to left about «Veidar 1» you see Mr Anton Edvard Strand that was the first of the three Strand brothers in Fevåg to settle for work and hard earned money in Petersburg Alaska. Above next to right you see Mr Ole Kristoffer Strand that together with Kristian Strand soon joined Anton Edvard Strand in their partnership in Petersburg. The three Strand brothers started in Petersburg in 1906 and they returned in the days of WW 1 to Norway to invest their new found fortune into building farms expertise combined with modernized offshore fishing expertise being based in Fevåg Trøndelag in Middle Norway. Their catch seasons were outside Trøndelag, inside Trondheimsfjorden, in the North Sea outside Bergen Egersund, outside Lofoten and also in harsh offshore waters outside Iceland Svalbard Barentshavet, with one motor they were pioneers!

Below at left in this part of the picture about «Veidar 1» in Norway plus «Astra» in Africa, you see Mr Odin Strand that had his primary expertise as Captain (Skipper profession) onboard both «Veidar 1» being Notbas and the «Veidar 1» , before the new steel seiner ship Odin was the first 15-yearold person to be certified with passed Skipper exam in Norway and he practiced immediately with his ship command in harsh ocean waters up to Lofoten ! He also worked as Captain on the ship around Africa. Next below at right in this part of the picture about «Veidar 1» in same operations above you see Mr Anton Strand that had his primary expertise as Chief (All ship engines and general motorized equipment tooling onboard Veidar 1) , and he also had this special responsibility on the ship around Africa hence also assuring that the ship’s mechanical functions were in mint condition as long as the ship operated toughly there ! Their combined skills abilities leadership risks management and overall work experiences were put into vital fish farm entrepreneurship with success, their products were greatly fresh iced or in deliciously smoked packages flown to all markets Europe America Russia Asia !!

Story part 6 in this picture (NB! ) So, the author’s very brief description sums up the results of the longtime hard work of all of the Strand brothers in Fevåg Trøndelag Norway in this way. The following collage pictures provides you with the detailed stories of their remarkable wondrous life, so please enjoy viewing this by scrolling down up and also by zooming up pictures on your modern tablet (kindly remember to fully zoom back to be able then to continue to scroll down up new pictures). Enjoy !! Many thanks for your pleasure and keen interest in reading this short commented and photo-supported story about our Norway fish farming pioneers that also connects-the-dots on Salmon Farming today ! Best regards, Beste hilsen, Ha fin dag! Odd Sverre Strand in Oslo Norway.

Summary photo no 1

Norwegians are today active in the cod, halibut, kingcrab, and salmon-trolling fisheries. Norwegians’ Alaska-based boats are no longer dominant in halibut fishing as they were over forty years ago.

Two fisheries still attract numerous Norwegians: halibut, for decades a virtual Norwegian monopoly in Alaska based on boat ownership; and the kingcrab fishery. A more recent development is the entry of Norwegians into the catcher processor business.

Norwegian participation in the halibut fishery has changed in two essentials: those who now man the boats and own them are usually sons, grandsons, or sons-in-law of the original Norwegian immigrants; and the equipment now is more sophisticated and much more expensive. Looked at in the proper perspective, the earlier generation of halibut fishermen may prove to have been relatively as prosperous as the current ones. Several halibut fishermen built schooners valued at $40,000 in the early 1940s. But despite the drastic devaluation of the dollar in the past forty years, halibut boats built now for $800,000 are obviously more sophisticated and more expensive than those of four decades ago. While Norwegians are still very active in halibut fishing, they are no longer dominant as they were forty years ago. This is particularly true of Alaska based boats.

Though not as dominant as they once were in the cod, halibut, kingcrab, and salmon-trolling fisheries, the Norwegians are still active in all these branches. Now, however, the situation is quite different from what it was in 1940, when the only possible direction was up. As Michael Nordby so succinctly put it recently: "It is not as it once was. Licenses are going up, gear is going up, gas, wages, interest, and cost of equipment are all going up. The prospects for many of the thousands of fishermen -- including Norwegians -- are dismal, if not nonexistent."

Blant de norske utvandrerne fra kystdistriktene var en gruppe fra Karmøy. På begynnelsen av 1900- tallet dro de fleste av disse til New York for å fiske på sommerhalvåret, for så å komme tilbake igjen til Norge for å få med seg vinterfisket hjemme i Karmøy. I 1904 var det mange av disse som dro til Washington for å fiske laks. En journalist som skrev om Karmøy- utvandrerne, fryktet at disse aldri ville returnere til Karmøy, nettopp fordi den nordlige Stillehavskysten ”i så meget lignet Gamle Norge, men bare var så meget fruktbarere.” Rundt århundreskiftet startet nemlig en stor ekspansjon innenfor fisket i områdene fra Washington langs kysten av British Colombia og nordover i Alaska. Hit dro nordlendingene og vestlendingene, og ifølge Semmingsen var nordmennene delaktig i denne ekspansjonen fra første stund. Faktisk ble det fisket så mye at bankene i Puget Sound nærmest gikk tom for fisk i 1910. Likevel fortsatte veksten i fiskerinæringen, mye på grunn av utbedringen av dampbåter og etter hvert også bensindrevne båter, samt bedre redskaper. Disse tekniske fremskrittene betydde at de kunne dra lenger ut for å fiske, og de utvidet sitt fangsområde helt opp til det nordlige Alaska.

Reference of this short excerpt of original English text from the source with Copyright 1985 by the NORWEGIAN-AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION , Minnesota USA, by NHAA Online. NHAA gets the E-Book copy with this referral to source.

Referral to source with Copyright for exam paper is «Norskamerikanere i Seattle, 1889 - 1930» ved Jon Christian Pettersen per 2011, Masteroppgave i Historie ved Institutt for Arkeologi Konservering og Historie ved UiO.

The new fishing ships are high-tech offshore ships containing a processing facility as well as the newest computerized internet linked systems

From 1900s and forward hundred and tventy years ! Around 2020 we observe that the new fishing ships are high-tech offshore ships containing a processing facility as well as the newest computerized internet linked systems for professionally managing both 1. navigation and 2. engines operations optimum plus 3. fish catch optimization systems !!! As from 2018-2020 the newbuilt fishing ships are fully enabled to well before they depart their base harbors (Note this is the factual new status in Norway !) have the fullest possible real-time status on where in the targeted quota fishing areas the feed (for example Raudåte or Brisling) for their targeted fish type (for example Macquerel or Herring) is actually teaming with life around a specific GPS position coordinates. When the ships headquarters plus the ships captains view and evaluate this vital crucial information on their computer screens in colour-coded userfriendly reading they actually combine this leading facts with another viewing angle on their computer screens that presents structured colour-coded data on the actual fish catches that have been done and accordingly reported by all the quota fishing ships every single year per ship and per location and per specific date and month of the year. For example all Macquerel catches per 2019 per month and per date at all the applicable locations in the North Sea region where the Captains can drill down further to a more specific time period and evaluate the goodness in catch volumes and consequently monetary value of those catches seen in comparison with the time period now today that the Captains start sailing to fulfill their new 2020 quotas !!! This is how great effectiveness has made progress in 2020 in the Fisheries Management of Norway’s territories, and all this is now enabled by centralised computer databases inside Norway with basis also on Artificial Intelligence and MachineLearning-processes as well as by distributed data accordingly onto each and one ship that has invested capital into access to this system !!! The effectiveness of this new surveillance and planning capabilites is moreover based on automated logging sensors installed on each newbuilt or refurbished fishing ship as well as automated reporting procedures for every fish catch that each fishing ship performs !!! Extra productivity gains that comes with this new strategically computerized initiative are A. reductions in fuel and energy consuption, B. Improved management of mix in engines transmission and propellars performance (diesel, electric, hydrogen, all hybrid engine combinations) and lastly C. Imroved efficiency in time to carry out fish catches and the succeeeding time-to-market and all other kinds of product quality matters !!!

The newly designed fish farm structures works to greatly diminish the lice threat, eliminate the crash threat and provide sustainably improved fish health !

Purse seining of Herring now & before together with Longlining of Spawning Cod and Halibut noe & before !

Todays modern Herring fishing in Stjørnfjorden and Råkvåg with newest technology on Seine nets and computer assisted catch planning, after the success of great Fisheries Management that restored the almost extinguished Herring population in the 60s.

Longlining of Spawning Cod and Halibut on the grand banks outside the coast of Trøndelag as well as inside the vast Lofoten region of North Norway, all that in the picture taking place from hundred years before the 1920s when motor boats with power blocks installed for the seine nets were introduced in Norway’s oceans.

Old-times Fisheries in Norway : Long-lining Cod

................. ctd

Old-times Fisheries in Alaska : Multi fishing !

Innenfor silde-, torske- og laksefisket var nordmennene på Vestkysten sterkt delaktige. Her hadde de dog en mer underordnet stilling, der de sto for selve fisket, mens omsettingen og foredlingen av fangsproduktet var administrert eller eid av andre. Ifølge en iakttaker var fordelingen slik at ”(n)ordmennene besørget fisket, kineserne nedleggingen og amerikanerne tok fortjenesten.”182 Nordmennene var altså ikke like dominerende innen silde-, torske- og laksefisket som de var innen kveitefisket. Likevel oppsto det i kjølvannet av laksefisket en hermetikkindustri, der nordmennene la ned en betydelig innsats. Flere nordmenn skulle vise seg å gjøre det bra som entreprenører, spesielt som ledere av fiskebruk [packing companies], og som eiere av laksesalterier [salmon salteries] og hermetikkfabrikker i Alaska.

Blant de største innenfor denne industrien var Peter Thams Buschmann, som allerede i 1890-årene dro til Alaska og bygde en hermetikkfabrikk. Ut fra denne hermetikkfabrikken vokste også byen Petersburg fram, oppkalt etter Peter Thams Buschmann. Dette var en by som i stor grad var befolket av nordmenn, og som også ble et av de viktigste fiskesentrene i Alaska.

Det var spesielt innenfor kveitefisket at nordmenn hadde en viktig posisjon. Ifølge ”kyndige folk”, som Semmingsen skriver, var det i 1920-årene så mange som 80-90 prosent av de i alt 1800-2000 kveitefiskerne som var av norsk ætt. Ifølge fiskeren A. K. Larsen var så mange som 90 til 95 prosent av kveitefiskerne og nærmest alle båteierne omkring 1920 enten av norsk avstamming eller født i Norge. Noe som også blir bekreftet av, blant annet, Matt Mattson og Gustav Simonsen, som begge forteller at samtlige av mannskapet på fiskebåten de jobbet på var norske. Samtidig som de fleste fiskerne kom fra Nordland og Vestlandet.

På 1930-tallet, derimot, begynte de å bruke langliner direkte fra hovedbåten, og slapp dermed å sette ut mindre robåter. Dette gjorde fisket sikrere og mer effektivt, samtidig som de kunne fiske under tøffere forhold. Odin J. Davidson fra fiske på Nordvestkysten og opprinnelig fra Rødøy i Nordhelgeland i Nordland, han forteller at han var skipper på flere båter i løpet av sin tid som fisker. I begynnelsen fisket han mye i Alaska. På sine eldre dager fisket han i Seattle-området, der de istedenfor å være til sjøs i flere måneder, bare var ute to uker om gangen.

Norwegian settlers in Alaska’s Fisheries Industry :

Ifølge tidligere professor ved Scandinavian Department ved Universitetet i Washington, Sverre Arestad, var kun 8, 9 prosent av fiskerne i Washington nordmenn i 1892. Så selv om fiske ble norske immigranters nisje i årenes løp, var de på langt nær pionerene innenfor dette yrket. Nordmennene kom inn i en veletablert industri, men deres betydning innenfor denne industrien vokste betraktelig utover på 1900-tallet. Arestad hevder også, at selv om fisket var en viktig inntektskilde for nordmennene som bodde i Seattle, så har nordmenns rolle innenfor denne bransjen ofte blitt noe overdrevet i etterkant. Blant annet, mener han at påstander om at nordmenn var grunnleggerne av fiskeindustrien rundt Stillehavskysten, er feil. Arestad mener at det ikke finnes noe bevis for at nordmenn sto bak grunnleggelsen av fiskeindustrien langs Nordvestkysten. Tvert i mot mener han at nordmenn ikke hadde noen interesse når det gjaldt fiskeindustrien før på slutten av 1890 – tallet, da fiskeindustrien allerede var vel etablert. Hans syn deles av tidligere professor ved St. Olaf College og ekspert på norskamerikansk historie, Odd S. Lovoll. Arestad skriver at utover 1900-tallet og i hvert fall fram til 1943 så hadde nordmenns rolle innenfor fiskeindustrien økt betraktelig. Etter hvert ble de også en dominant gruppe innefor fiskeindustrien på Nordvestkysten og i Alaska, spesielt innenfor kveite-, silde og laksefisket.

Særlig fiskenæringen appellerte til nordmennene, og utover 1900-tallet ble denne næringen i stor grad en nisje for nordmennene i både Seattle, Ballard og Tacoma. Det var høy konsentrasjon av nordmenn innen fiskeindustrien, og det var også her flere av de utviklet seg til å bli kapteiner og båteiere, samt eiere av egne fiskeselskaper. Thomas Ostenson Stine og det muntlige kildematerialet fra PLU viser også at enkelte nordmenn arbeidet som leger, politikere, prester og lærere. Yrkesgrupper som ofte ses på som mer prestisjefulle, og at de dermed var av en høyere sosial klasse, noe som igjen er et tydelig tegn på sosioøkonomisk framgang blant norskamerikanerne. Likevel var, som nevnt, de aller fleste vanlige arbeidere i form av skogsarbeidere, fiskere, fabrikkarbeidere og bygningsarbeidere. På tross av dette så kan også arbeiderne innen disse yrkene hatt en sosioøkonomisk framgang, gjennom en ”diagonal” mobilitet, altså et opprykk innenfor samme sosiale klasse. Mange fikk høyere lønn, mer ansvar på jobben, bedre jobbstillinger eller de kjøpte sine egne fiskebåter,

Referral to source with Copyright for exam paper is «Norskamerikanere i Seattle, 1889 - 1930» ved Jon Christian Pettersen per 2011, Masteroppgave i Historie ved Institutt for Arkeologi Konservering og Historie ved UiO.

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Arbeid i skogindustrien var ofte hardt arbeid og norskamerikanerne tok ofte jobb innen denne industrien som en førstegangsjobb rett etter deres ankomst til Seattle som et springbrett til andre yrker – og da spesielt til fiskeindustrien.

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Mange av de norske mannlige migrantene som kom til Seattle, hadde erfaring fra skogindustrien, enten de kom fra Norge eller Midtvesten, og derfor ble det etter hvert mange norskamerikanere i skogindustrien i Seattle-området. Denne industrien ble likevel ingen nisjenæring for norskamerikanerne, og mange arbeidet kun en kort periode i denne industrien. Arbeid i skogindustrien var ofte hardt arbeid, kildene i denne oppgaven peker mot at norskamerikanerne ofte tok jobb innen denne industrien som en førstegangsjobb rett etter deres ankomst til Seattle. Denne jobben ble således et springbrett til andre yrker – og da spesielt til fiskeindustrien. For selv om det var relativt få nordmenn i fiskeindustrien på 1890- tallet, så ble det etter hvert denne industrien som kom til å sysselsette flest nordmenn i perioden 1900 til 1930. I deler av fiskeindustrien var det særlig høye konsentrasjoner av norskamerikanere og det kan tyde på at dette området på mange måter ble en nisjenæring for norske immigranter.

Norske kvinner som søkte jobb i Seattle, gjorde ofte som mennene og tok arbeid som de hadde kjennskap til fra før. For mange betydde dette å jobbe som hushjelp. På samme måte som en jobb innen skogsindustrien ble et springbrett til andre yrker for mange norske mannlige immigranter, brukte kvinnene arbeidet som hushjelp for å komme inn i andre og bedre lønnede yrker med høyere sosial status. Det skjer således en utvikling i arbeidssituasjonen til både de norskamerikanske kvinnene og mennene i Seattle utover 1900- tallet.

Referral to source with Copyright for exam paper is «Norskamerikanere i Seattle, 1889 - 1930» ved Jon Christian Pettersen per 2011, Masteroppgave i Historie ved Institutt for Arkeologi Konservering og Historie ved UiO.

Fiskeindustrien ble utover 1900-tallet også en av de største industriene innen Seattle Washington regionen.

Increasing importance of WestCoast Fisheries :

I tillegg til skogen var også havet en inntektsbringende ressurs for Seattle og dens innbyggere. Allerede i 1894 og 1895 var det en stor utvikling innen fiskeindustrien i Seattle og staten Washington. Det begynte med laksefisket, men fiskerne så mulighetene til å utvikle næringen til også å omfatte torsk, kveite og sild. I 1896 mente The State of Washington at det bare var et tidsspørsmål før fiskeriene på Nordvestkysten og ved Puget Sound ville bli like store som de ved Nord-Atlanteren eller i andre deler av verden, til tross for at det på denne tiden bare var 425 ansatte fiskere i Seattle. Bare seks år senere hadde fiskeindustrien i Seattle- og Puget Sound-området økt betraktelig med tanke på investert kapital, antall fiskere og produksjon. I Puget Sound hadde det også blitt bygget den største hermetikkfabrikken i verden, og så mange som 5319 personer jobbet innenfor fiskeindustrien i Puget Sound-området i 1900. I 1911 jobbet 13 577 personer innenfor fiskerindustrien i Washington. Verdien av produksjonen var da omkring 13,4 millioner dollar. I 1912 var det en liten nedgang, med 12 206 personer i industrien og en produksjon verdt ca. åtte millioner dollar. Denne nedgangen skulle imidlertid ikke vare lenge. Innen 1914 hadde nemlig fiskeindustrien blitt en av de største industriene i Seattle og Washington. De påfølgende årene sto fiskeindustrien for diverse fiskeprodukter til en verdi fra ti til 20 millioner dollar, og verdien av fiskehermetikk alene var på rundt 7,6 millioner dollar – et beløp som bare ble overgått med 20 000 dollar av staten Maine. Hovedgrunnen til den store forskjellen i verdiene av fisket fra år til år var at prisene på fisken varierte, samtidig som det var forskjell på den fysiske størrelsen på laksen. 1917 var et år der prisene var gode, og i fiskeindustrien i Washington hadde de en produksjonsverdi på hele 22,6 millioner dollar. I statistikken til The State of Washington kommer det likevel fram at skogindustrien, og da spesielt tømmer- og taksponindustrien, beholdt posisjonen som den største industrien i staten Washington til langt utover 1900-tallet. Etter hvert ble fiskeindustrien stadig viktigere, og den ble utover 1900-tallet også en av de største industriene. Det skjer imidlertid visse endringer i industrimønsteret i denne perioden.

Referral to source with Copyright for exam paper is «Norskamerikanere i Seattle, 1889 - 1930» ved Jon Christian Pettersen per 2011, Masteroppgave i Historie ved Institutt for Arkeologi Konservering og Historie ved UiO.

Norway’s Superior Quality Seafood: Sales & Chefs

Ref. Profession involving Wholesale & Retail Sales plus Restaurant Chefs plus 2017 Gold medal on NM Sjømathandel, where the latter is the annual national championship in Oslo on Seafood retail trading to consumers nationwide Norway. Mr Halvor Leithaug Strand near Oslo is happy to provide you with the greatest guidance you seek in 2020 involving consumers’ Seafood prudent uses plus Cooking ! Halvor also holds the Cook certificate from the esteemed Bølgen & Moi restaurant company in Oslo.

Upon winning the Gold medal being a national champion of Norway Seafood Halvor has had two weeklong campaigned Company Tours at the renowned and also historically longtime being the globally famous Seafood Industry of «LOFOTEN» with producers wholesalers retailers businesses. North Norway holds the location of the vastly extending Lofoten region into the Atlantic Ocean, where the spawning Cod from Arctic waters in its annually recurring season enters the warmer ocean currents and tides along Norway’s spectacular wondrous coastline there of islands and mountains!

In 2019 Halvor was given a welcoming Company Tour at the 100 years celebrating largest Seafood wholesale corporation in Denver Colorado U.S.A.
The sales territories that Seattle Fish Company markets its Seafood products to in most of the Mid-West Rocky Mountains and Great Plains areas are the combination of Denver and Kansas City.
Having special competency on Norway’s Seafood Industry Halvor learnt then valuable knowhow about Seafood sales in other global markets.

So Halvor and I as his father and this book’s author appreciates highly all the kind and professional information given to us by the Quality Supervisor Mr Erik Floyd and with the arrangement by the Customer Experience Manager Mr P. J. Paland. We stated our gratitude and thanks also to the then President and CEO Mr James Iacino. Halvor also pays respect and shows much gratitude to all about Seafood knowhow that he has learnt from his grandfather Mr Odin Strand in Fevåg Fosen through Trøndelag fishing and processing of especially Cod but also all our finest seafood resources on shellfish like Crabs - the Norway Lobster (Sjøkreps) - Shrimp - Lobster - Scallops and Blue Moules.

Norway’s superior quality Blue Moules comes from the famously known and highly reputed companies named «Snadder & Snaskum AS» and «Norgesskjell AS», both located in the Fosen peninsula region in Trøndelag in Middle Norway. Halvor has enjoyed learning Seafood knowhow in Company Tours at both producers of Moules, where we note that these two companies have direct sales to Halvor’s employer the «Meny» supermarket chain of «Norgesgruppen AS».

These two Fosen and Trøndelag based companies also sell their highest quality Moules directly to the now in 2020 greatly famous top Norway and top Michelin restaurants «The Under» at the south end of Norway as well as «Speilsalen» in Middle Norway located at Trondheim’s Britannia Hotel, where now in February 2020 this fully 2019 modernized hotel also became globally reputed by Travel & Leisure besides well reputed for a prime hosting of the Michelin Awards 2020 for restaurants and Chefs ! Enjoy a brief view showcasing the unlike anything in the world restaurant named «Under» (Wonder) in this summarising collage picture ! In Norway we are all proud of the finest Seafood resources being produced harvested in Trøndelag and sold to all global markets in sustainable ways in Freshest products !

Recommendations promoted by us proactively here about Seafood produce from Trøndelag are simply :

Travel + Leisure (TravelAndLeisure.com) :
https://kommunikasjon.ntb.no/pressemelding/verdens-storste-reiselivsmagasin-anbefaler-trondheim-og-britannia-hotel-for-reiselystne-i-2020?publisherId=7512272&releaseId=17878326

https://www.travelandleisure.com/trip-ideas/what-to-do-in-trondheim-norway

Speilsalen restaurant, Trøndelag : https://britannia.no/

Under restaurant, South Norway : https://www.under.no/

Snadder & Snaskum AS, Fosen : https://www.snadderogsnaskum.no/

Norgesskjell AS, Fosen : https://www.norgeskjell.no/

Scalmarin AS, Bergen , West Norway : https://www.scalmarin.no/

Meny supermarket chain : https://meny.no/oppskrifter/Fisk/Om-fisk/fire-tips-til-fiskefesten/

Norgesgruppen AS : https://www.norgesgruppen.no/presse/siste-nytt-fra-kjedene/meny-er-vekstvinneren-i-2019/

Sjømathuset AS : https://www.norgesgruppen.no/presse/nyhetsarkiv/aktuelt/satser-sammen-pa-fersk-fisk-og-sjomat/

Sjømatbedriftene AS : https://sjomatbedriftene.no/

Norges Sjømatråd : https://seafood.no/aktuelt/nyheter/michelin-kokker-lovpriser-norske-skalldyr/

The Norway Seafood Council : https://seafoodfromnorway.us/norwegian-seafood-council/Norwegian-Seafood-Retail-Programs/

Enjoy reading on all Seafood opportunities, with my best wishes as E-Book author Odd Sverre Strand :-)

Norway’s Superior Quality Seafood: Sales KnowHow on fresh frozen & cured Seafood!

Merits briefly for Mr Halvor Leithaug Strand

Cook study at Rosenvilde Vgs, two year college, in Bærum close to Oslo.

Certified Cook at «Bølgen & Moi AS» restaurant company , at Frogner in Oslo.

Fiskeansvarlig (Fish responsible) at «Meny» supermarket of Norgesgruppen AS, Deli department at Rykkin near Oslo.

2017 Gold in NM Sjømathandel (NM Seafood Salesperson). Halvor won Silver medal 2016.
2017 featured in a Chef magazine in special marketing for Meny and Norgesgruppen.

2017 & 2016 Grand Tours at Lofoten Norway via Halvor’s prize awards from NM Sjømathandel (NM Seafood Salesperson).
2019 Company Tour at Seattle Fish Co Denver CO U.S.A , presented by Quality Supervisor Mr Erik Floyd, in arrangement with Customer Experience Manager Mr P. J. Paland , many thanks stated to then President and CEO Mr James Iacino and COO.

Halvor Leithaug Strand has actually over three years now contributed directly in his role with achieved success to considerably increase sales of Fish and Seafood for Norgesgruppen AS, at his workplace «Meny» supermarket near Oslo.

Giant leap last 20 years in Brand successes and Product development of Seafood from Norway :D

We just recall facts on «Norway Salmon», «Nama Salmon Sushi», «Aurora Salmon», «Salmalaks», «MOWI» and it’s «TheBlueRevolution», «Salma Taco», «Salmaburger», «Poke Salmon», «SalmaRaw», plus in 2019 readymade fish dinners for example «Fisk på 123» by MENY ! This is just to name a few key brand names and their huge sales campaigns inside Norway as well as in global markets!

Noteworthy we also cheer up thinking of the 2019 new introduction in Asia of Norway Seafood products of superior quality frozen Salmon filet packages in automated special vending machines for this product. In this respect, this builds upon the success held by Norway’s raw sushi quality salmon that is in high demand and now enjoy’s a worldwide reputation and preference globally by Culinary Chefs !

Målet til MENY supermarked kjeden er å øke salget av sjømat med tre prosent hvert år fem til 2020 !

Alle MENY butikkene i supermarkedet eid av Norgesgruppen AS. Grunnet godt utvalg og fokus på produktutvikling er MENY i dag den dagligvarekjeden som selger mest fersk fisk, sier MENY sin Leder Vegard Kjuus. Meny har vært toneangivende i bransjen på fisk, og kjeden har bemannet fiskedisk i alle butikker. Parallelt satser MENY altså som før på fiskedisker med bredt utvalg, individuell kundeservice og høy fagkompetanse.

MENY kjeden var først ute med å satse på sushi, salmalaks, salmaburger, Frøyas laks, Strøm torsk, fersk fiskesuppe og ferdigpakkede fileter. Det var også her økt fokus på skrei og lutefisk startet. MENY var blant annet først ute med salmalaks og deretter salmaburger, samt har løftet fokuset på skrei og lutefisk. Skreien strømmer med all dens fantastiske tilbehør inn i MENY-butikkene. Nytt er at MENY har komplette fiskeretter som «Middag på under 20 minutter» samt Fisk på 1-2-3» som for spesielt Yngre er spennende og smaksrike ferske fiskeretter. MENY gjør da fiskemiddager enklere og mer tilgjengelige for dem med lav kunnskap eller en hektisk hverdag. MENY har også flere fiskespisere med Salma laksen. Salmaburgeren har kun vært i butikk i to år, etter at idéen ble lansert sommeren 2015 i et møte mellom Salma og MENY. Salma er i seg selv en suksesshistorie. Salma, med sin nye måte å pakke og kutte fisk på, har i stor grad bidratt til dagens fokus på pakket fisk. Loinstykkene - hvor alt av øyne, bein og skinn er fjernet – har gjort det enkelt å lage fisk, og har dessuten tiltrukket seg nye og yngre målgrupper.

Fiskekonsumet fra minus til pluss, 2019 september :
For første gang på tre år øker fiskesalget i NorgesGruppens butikker. Volumutviklingen på fisk er opp 2,6 prosent, viser ferske tall fra NorgesGruppen sin halvårsrapportering på sunnhet og folkehelse. Det er ikke langt unna målsettingen som NorgesGruppen har satt årlig for salg av fisk.

Sammenlignbar volumutvikling 1. halvår 2019 for Norgesgruppen AS innen Fisk og sjømat er som følger :
Målsetting 2020: + 16 % (3 % vekst per år). Status 1. halvår 2019: +2,6 %
Kommentaren fra Norgesgruppen AS til dette er «Endelig øker fiskekonsumet i volum etter flere år med tilbakegang. Kampanjer har bidratt positivt, og arbeidet med enkelhet og smak fortsetter for å klare å rekruttere flere forbrukere til å spise fisk.»

Kilde : https://www.norgesgruppen.no/presse/nyhetsarkiv/aktuelt/fiskekonsumet-fra-minus-til-pluss/

The newest Seafood selling in Norway’s retail stores are Poke Salmon, Taco Salmon, Salmaburger, Seafood dinner for Younger people like the «Fisk på 1-2-3» and compact readymade Seafood dinners like the «Middag på under 20 minutter» !!!

Målet til MENY supermarked kjeden er å øke salget av sjømat med tre prosent hvert år frem til 2020 !

Grunnet godt utvalg og fokus på produktutvikling er MENY i dag den dagligvarekjeden som selger mest fersk fisk, sier Kjuus. Meny har vært toneangivende i bransjen på fisk, og kjeden har bemannet fiskedisk i alle butikker. Parallelt satser MENY altså som før på fiskedisker med bredt utvalg, individuell kundeservice og høy fagkompetanse. MENY kjeden var først ute med å satse på sushi, salmalaks, salmaburger, Frøyas laks, Strøm torsk, fersk fiskesuppe og ferdigpakkede fileter. Det var også her økt fokus på skrei og lutefisk startet. MENY var blant annet først ute med salmalaks og deretter salmaburger, samt har løftet fokuset på skrei og lutefisk. Skreien strømmer med all dens fantastiske tilbehør inn i MENY-butikkene. Nytt er at MENY har komplette fiskeretter som «Middag på under 20 minutter» samt Fisk på 1-2-3» som for spesielt Yngre er spennende og smaksrike ferske fiskeretter. MENY gjør da fiskemiddager enklere og mer tilgjengelige for dem med lav kunnskap eller en hektisk hverdag. MENY har også flere fiskespisere med Salma laksen. Salmaburgeren har kun vært i butikk i to år, etter at idéen ble lansert sommeren 2015 i et møte mellom Salma og MENY. Salma er i seg selv en suksesshistorie. Salma, med sin nye måte å pakke og kutte fisk på, har i stor grad bidratt til dagens fokus på pakket fisk. Loinstykkene - hvor alt av øyne, bein og skinn er fjernet – har gjort det enkelt å lage fisk, og har dessuten tiltrukket seg nye og yngre målgrupper.

Leder for MENY Vegard Kjuus håper at satsingen på komplette fiskeretter, bemannet ferskvaredisker og gode tilbud skal få ytterligere fart på fiskesalget etter en omsetningsøkning på 3,7 prosent i 2017. Leder Vegard Kjuus i «MENY» sier at de skal stimulere til en sunnere livsstil, og at MENY har som mål å øke salget av sjømat med tre prosent hvert år frem til 2020. For å få til det, må vi fortsette å ta aktive grep, sier Kjuus. De aktive grepene er basert på forbrukerinnsikt og innovasjon, og samtidig løfter de frem fisk i markedsføringen. Volummessig samlet er det nullvekst i 2017 i MENY inkludert skalldyr og fiskepålegg, men pilene pekte noe oppover de siste månedene.

Ti ganger så mange konsumenter velger ukens fiskemiddag, og i oktober 2018 lanserte så MENY «Middag på under 20 minutter». Hver uke presenteres to retter (fisk/kjøtt) som tilberedes hjemme basert på ferdig tilbehør. Fiskekaker, ovnsbakte poteter, råkost og hvit saus er da et Eksempel på "Ukens middag på under 20 minutter". Komplette fiskemenyer slår altså an hvor dette kan snu nedgangen i fiskekonsumet i Norge. Ferske fiskeretter med mye smak skal få de yngre på kroken, og derfor lanserer MENY i oktober 2018 «Fisk på 1-2-3» som består av enkle og raske, men spennende og smaksrike ferske fiskeretter. Rettene i «Fisk på 1-2-3» ligger i fiskedisken. Kunden velger om hun eller han vil ha torsk- eller laksefilet. Begge kommer med to ulike kryddermarinader, for deretter å velge blant diverse tilbehør som poteter, pureer og grønnsaker. Ønsket mengde legges i skål, som enkelt varmes opp hjemme.

MENY gjør det enklere og mer fristende for yngre å velge fisk, så kommer helseaspektet som en ekstra bonus, sier Espen Lie, kokk og leder av MENY-Lauget. For de yngre må MENY må dens Salmaburger treffe på enkelthet og moderne smak. Nå slenger vi også lakseburgere på grillen, og for MENY som er opptatt av både innovasjon og økt fiskesalg er dette gledelig. Per juli 2018 solgte MENY snaue 270 000 Salmaburgere, mot drøye 100 000 i samme periode i fjor.
Salmaburgerne har da kun vært i butikk i kort tid. Det tar normalt mye lengre tid å innarbeide helt nye produkter i markedet, men her har vi truffet spot-on, sier Lars Gerhardsen, kategoriansvarlig for fisk i MENY.

Til slutt her, Norge sitt helsemål er å øke fiskekonsumet med 20 prosent innen 2021, i samarbeid med sjømatnæringen og dagligvarebransjen.

The newest Seafood selling in the USA involves these fishery products and these processed consumer products in retail stores, kindly note here the focus is solely on Alaska’s processed Seafood !

Summary photo no 5

About 35 percent of the Alaska fishermen (total) were by good estimates of Norwegian extraction in the 1940s.

Norwegians have been particularly active in the Alaskan cod fishery, both as fishermen and as entrepreneurs. A large percentage of the fishermen at the Alaska Cod shore stations have been Norwegians. They have also been skippers and owners of vessels, agents at shore stations for the large codfish companies, and founders of shore stations. In the early years, cod fishing was carried on by large vessels sent out from San Francisco. Later, vessels were also sent to the fishing grounds from Seattle, Anacortes, and Poulsbo. Some time in the 1870s the first shore station was erected, and after that time, particularly after 1886, numerous shore stations were built. At first the fisherman attached to the shore stations fished from oar driven dories, but in the 1920s gasoline driven boats of from two to twelve horsepower came into general use. These boats were usually owned by the fishermen themselves, cod fishing being in that respect much like salmon trolling.

Norwegians came to the Pacific Coast in comparatively large numbers at about the same time that the herring and fish oil industries were being developed. So, although not the founders of these industries, they were important as their developers. The herring fishery was established in 1888, the same year that fishing for halibut began, but for a score of years herring was used principally as halibut bait. There are no records which reveal how many of the herring fishermen were Norwegians, although people in the industry are inclined to believe that the percentage was large.

Trolling is a branch of the salmon industry in which Norwegians have been heavily engaged, in such areas as Alaska and the Washington coast. Trolling fishery is characterized by the fact that the boats and gear are owned and operated by the individual fishermen. Arne Antonsen, who was manager of the Fishermen's Cooperative Association when it was founded in 1935, stated that the salmon trolling fishery on the Washington coast was developed principally by Norwegians and was for years dominated almost exclusively by them. He estimated that about 90 percent in the Trolling workforce was of Norwegian extraction. William Hecker an agent for the Alaska Fishermen's Union in Seattle estimated in 1941 that about 35 percent of the Alaska fishermen (total) were of Norwegian extraction. From late spring until early autumn the trolling fleet caught an average of some six million pounds of salmon annually. After the regular salmon fishing season was over, about 250 of the sturdier boats augmented their crew and went fishing for albacore tuna off the Washington and Oregon coasts.

In Alaska the evolution of salmon fishing was much the same as on the Puget Sound, and Norwegians became there too the most important trap fishermen. They participated to a large extent as gill netters and trollers, but they were only a small factor as purse seiners. It is estimated that 50 percent or more of the trap fishermen and 25 percent of the gill netters were Norwegian in the 1930s. John Dybdal of Bellingham, Washington at one of the large salmon canneries estimated in 1942 that at least 75 percent of the trap fishermen on Puget Sound were of Norwegian extraction before the traps were closed in 1934. Of the 705 gill netters registered in 1939 with the Alaska Fishermen's Union in Seattle, 307 were born in Norway. The same proportion held for Portland, Oregon, but San Francisco had mostly Italians with only a few Norwegians. As cannery workers Norwegians have never been and are not now important, although some have been employed as machinists, blacksmiths, tallymen, and carpenters in the salmon canneries of Alaska.

Norwegians have been more important as salmon fishermen than as entrepreneurs. An analysis of the figures by nationality for the year 1892 shows that Norwegians then composed but a small percentage of the fishermen in the region. A few Norwegians, to be sure, became fishermen in the seventies and even in the sixties, but their numbers were indeed small.

Reference of this short excerpt of original English text from the source with Copyright 1985 by the NORWEGIAN-AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION , Minnesota USA, by NHAA Online. NHAA gets the E-Book copy with this referral to source.

The United States is a global leader in responsibly managed fisheries and sustainable seafood.

Fish and shellfish are renewable resources—they can reproduce and replenish their populations naturally. Because of this, we can harvest fish within certain limits without depleting the whole population. Sustainable fishery management is the process of using science to determine these limits—catching some fish while leaving others to reproduce and replace them in the future.
Alaska’s federal fisheries for halibut, cod, pollock, flatfish, mackerel, sablefish and rockfish are economically important, both on a state and national level.

Hence, Alaska shares management responsibilities for federal (3 to 200 miles) fisheries with the federal government. Decisions regarding the management of these fisheries are made via the North Pacific Fishery Management Council. The fisheries of Alaska are recognized as some of the best managed in the world, providing tens of thousands of seasonal and full-time jobs and a vital, long term economic engine for Alaska communities and the state. Alaska seafood creates more jobs than any other private sector industry in the state, and over half of those jobs depend on salmon.

THE COMMERCIAL HARVEST OF SALMON IN ALASKA, also with Wrangell details.

The salmon returning to Alaskan stream and rearing in Alaskan waters are the basis for one of Alaska's most important industries and underpin a traditional subsistence lifestyle in rural portions of the State. From 2000–2004, the average harvest of salmon sold by commercial fishermen in Alaska was almost 157 million fish (about 742 million pounds). The value of the commercial harvest varies both with the size of the runs and with foreign currency exchange rates. Average annual value of the 2000–2004 harvest was in excess of $230 million (Recent 5-year average harvests, value, and permits fished).

Commercial fishing in the Wrangell region, still one of the region's major industries, comprises approximately one-third of the economy in Wrangell today. Generally speaking, the fishing industry was considered of primary commercial importance throughout the first half of the 20th Century. Just prior to 1900 the fishing industry became a key element in Wrangell's economy. The first cannery was built in 1889 at the present airport site. In the next 50 years eight more canneries were built in this area, as well as several floating canneries. A record harvest in Southeast Alaska occurred in 1941 when more than 67 million salmon were caught. Another peak year for the salmon fishery occurred in 1989 when over 65 million salmon were harvested. In the early years of commercial fishing sockeye salmon was the primary species harvested, later replaced by pink salmon.

Economic Impact of Aquaculture in the U.S.A. :

In 2013, U.S. aquaculture produced $1.4 billion annually, which accounted for 20 percent of all U.S. seafood production and fishery products by value. Still, we have less aquaculture production than much of the world and import more than 90 percent of our seafood. Expanding aquaculture is a way we can address our nation’s $13 billion commercial seafood trade deficit.

In addition to closing the deficit, aquaculture has the potential to generate tens of thousands of new jobs on America’s waterfronts. Aquaculture provides a year round source of jobs and economic opportunities that supplement seasonal tourism and commercial fishing. The industry also creates diverse types of jobs in other sectors, such as seafood processing, equipment manufacturing, marketing, agriculture, and food services.

Laws regulations quotas controls for all types of fisheries and overall Seafood production including Ocean Ranching / Farming in the USA, where the focus here is laid on Alaska plus Washington states, both commercial and non-commercial production (Sports anglers) harvesting processing and sales to all markets !

Section 1, key fact takeaways from sources :

Kindly take your time to read from start to end on page number nineteen (page 19) in my full E-Book here, you have just to swipe right fourteen pages from this page number five (5) ! Then you can scroll down on that page 19 and make pauses at your wish, since most key points and themes raised by public credible media and by the Seafood industry itself plus by highly credible university professors, they are restated by me theme by theme. Hence, at the end of that informative page you see you are provided with much fact based overview on both the current and planned discussed future laws policies initiatives and controls by the commercial industries and the public institutions, especially on Alaska. As you read down you cover these themes:

ADAPT OR DIE !!! , 2019 FACTS & 2017 CONCLUSIONS : ALASKA COMMERCIAL FISHING INDUSTRY

Technology revolution and Adapt or Die to that.
The Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation.
The Alaska brand «Alaska Wild» Salmon.
One of recent conclusions by Alaska’s Fisheries.
A new day on Technology revolution.
2018 : The Modern Fish Act plus the 2018-2022 strategic plan.
Commerce Department’s 2018-2022 strategic plan about the Counter-measures that Alaska takes.
Market realities and today’s reasoning.
Price point.
Fish Farming - The farms keep growing.
Size-at-Age for Alaska Salmon
Gillnet and power-Troll fisheries.
Anglers / Fly-Fishing.
Power politics.
The Alaska Board of Fisheries.
The North Pacific Fisheries Management Council NPFMC.
The Magnusson-Stevens Act.
Credits & Sources.

Section 2, key fact takeaways from sources :

Under the middle part of this E-Book’s key page three (3) there are some vital key Takeaways that I briefly highlight in my bullet point list beneath here. Like these are milestones stepping stones for Alaska’s Fisheries Management, You also are now reading these neutral and fact-based references to Seafood industry media plus the key industry associations as well as University professors, institutions of Legislative nature and Lobby groups.

The fisheries of Alaska are recognized as some of the best managed in the world, providing tens of thousands of seasonal and full-time jobs and a vital, long term economic engine for Alaska communities and the state. Alaska seafood creates more jobs than any other private sector industry in the state, and over half of those jobs depend on salmon. 

Salmon farming and salmon ranching have the same goal - grow salmon to provide a healthy protein to the consumer. Both methods of aquaculture hatch eggs which are raised in a freshwater hatchery facility and both methods move fish from freshwater to saltwater net pens to continue growth. Salmon farmers and salmon ranchers worldwide are very aware of all risks and are always looking at new ways of operating to ensure all risks are well managed. Salmon ranching is practiced in Alaska, Japan, Korea and Russia. Salmon farming is common in Chile, Norway, Scotland, Ireland, Faroe Islands, Tasmania, New Zealand and Canada. Salmon ranching involves the release of hatchery raised salmon into the wild, whilst Salmon farming is another business model because the fish here are contained throughout their entire life cycle. Salmon farmed fish are at no time released (!) to compete for food in the wild.

The U.S. Commerce Department and it’s 
2018-2022 STRATEGIC PLAN . According to alaskafishradio, the U.S. Commerce Department is to hold meetings around the country throughout November 2019 to talk about its strategic plan for fish farms. Acting U.S. Under Secretary of Commerce Timothy Gallaudet said during a Juneau visit that streamlining regulations and boosting aquaculture production – both part of the Commerce Department’s 2018-2022 strategic plan – could help change that currently there are no salmon farms in federal waters. Despite state multiple bans on fish farms the president is seeking an overhaul in federally controlled waters.
“As we look to the ocean to continue to support human society, aquaculture is going to be a growing factor,” Gallaudet said. Gallaudet furthermore clearly said that offshore fish farms wouldn’t be imposed on Alaska. But in his pitch for aquaculture he alluded to the elephant in the room: climate change.
“Some of the changes in the environment are affecting fish stocks,” Gallaudet said. “They are either moving or they’re not thriving and so this aquaculture, done the right way and scientifically based, provides a means for employment of fishermen who are losing some of their gain through these changing conditions.”

In June 2019 : A bill was introduced called the Advancing the Quality and Understanding of American Aquaculture (AQUAA) Act to facilitate the permitting process for aquaculture farms in federal waters, and fund research and development to advance the aquaculture industry.

In September 2019, the US Commerce Department declared the Northeast ground fishery a formal disaster, which raised hopes of economic relief that were later dashed in a trimmed-down relief bill for victims of Superstorm Sandy. Confronted with possible drops in domestic cod supply, industry analysts say U.S. consumers will likely look elsewhere, importing more from other countries such as Norway and Canada. But the danger, they say, is a loss of U.S. market share.

2018 : THE MODERN FISH ACT (Trump) PLUS THE FEDERAL 2018-2022 STRATEGIC PLAN. THE MODERN FISH ACT WILL ADDRESS ISSUES BY CREATING A COMPREHENSIVE PACKAGE OF REGULATIONS SPECIFICALLY AIMED AT ADAPTING A FEDERAL SYSTEM FOCUSED SOLELY ON COMMERCIAL FISHING TO NOW MEET THE NEEDS OF THE NATION’S 11 MILLION SALTWATER ANGLERS.

The Seafood industry group called «Stronger America Through Seafood». There’s a bill pending in the U.S. Senate that could decide how federal aquaculture is regulated. It’s being backed by this SATS group. Campaign Manager Margaret Henderson said Alaska’s ability to ban offshore fish farms remains a sticking point on Capitol Hill. Henderson said in an interview the following :
“We in no way mean to impede a state’s authority to manage their own waters,” “But when it comes to managing federal waters outside the state line we think that there’s a balance to be had there, that there’s there’s room for both.”

«Ocean ranched salmon» represented over 49% of the commercial catch in Alaska in 2010 (77 million out of total commercially harvested 158 million salmon was ocean ranched). HENCE, THERE MIGHT BE A POTENTIAL GLOBAL WIN-WIN SITUATION ON COEXISTENCE OF WILD PLUS FARMED SALMON ! AN EXTRA EXAMPLE IS TO LOOK NO FURTHER THAN TO NORWAY’S NEW STRATEGY WHERE IT’S SITING STRATEGY ON FARMING COMBINED WITH A STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNOLOGY IS PER 2020 A TRULY CHALLENGING QUEST FOR SUCCESS ! This author just list key fact events, hence any firm stance is not being advocated by the author!

A government survey states this concerning The US Cod fish population.
A government survey found that Gulf of Maine cod, considered a top earner, were so depleted that even if the fishing industry were to shut down completely, it would still not recover to the levels mandated by federal law by 2014. And yet, while the stocks haven't replenished fast enough, they have come back, according to two decades worth of NOAA data tables. "It's more of a management crisis," said Steven Cadrin, a former NOAA scientist and faculty member at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth.
"There's twice as many cod there compared to the 1990s, but they're still not at the levels we'd like to see them at."
Just a few years ago, the government projected that the area was well on its way to recovery after decades of overfishing. Federal regulators then raised catch rates to nearly five times the sustainable level based estimates now believed to have been far too optimistic. That, combined with warmer waters, pollution and policies that protect natural predators like seals, have all contributed to fewer fish that triggered the mandatory cuts.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration :
Historic cod fishing cuts threaten centuries-old industry in New England.
Still, codfish aren't about to become an endangered species, according to Sam Rauch, head of the NOAA's fisheries service. Coming restrictions are about protecting the overall size of the cod population and complying with federal law.
"The impact will be severe," said John Bullard, the regional administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, who voted in favor of the Cod fishing cuts. "It wasn't easy, but it was necessary." A response to low cod stocks, the proposed cuts have left thousands wondering what they will do for work at the start of the fishing season in May. An advisory council voted Wednesday to slash cod catch rates by 77% in the Gulf of Maine, a region roughly the size of Indiana that extends from Cape Cod up through Nova Scotia. That move, analysts predict, is expected to decimate fishing communities across the region and have a domino effect on seafood processors, wholesalers, distributors and retailers who all make a living off the water. Gloucester, like many coastal towns, now faces the largest cuts ever to the region's commercial fishing industry.
Furthermore, note this fact. The council also voted to cut 55% of cod catch rates in Georges Bank, an expansive area near Cape Cod, which was named by a 17th century British explorer after discovering an abundance of the ground fish. If approved by the Commerce Department, fishermen catch rates will drop to about 3,550 metric tons of cod in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank. A decade ago, they could net around 20,000.

The Alaska Board of Fisheries decisions :
2016 : The board also found it necessary to limit the size of participating vessels in some areas to further reduce catch rates, provide for extended seasons, and provide economic benefits to the regions in which the fishing is conducted. In the Kodiak Area, the board found it necessary to impose a 25,000 pound landing limit, per week, for catcher/processor vessels to reduce Pacific cod catch rates and to improve inseason catch reporting capabilities.

The Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) has management jurisdiction over all groundfish resources within state waters in Region I. In addition, the State has management authority for Demersal Shelf Rockfish, ling cod, and black and blue rock fish in both state and federal waters. The Southeast Alaska/Yakutat Region (Region I) consists of Alaska waters between Cape Suckling on the north and Dixon Entrance on the south. Salmon are commercially harvested in Southeast Alaska with purse seines and drift gillnets; in Yakutat with set gillnets; and in both areas with hand and power troll gear. Herring are harvested in winter bait, sac roe, spawn-on-kelp, and bait pound fisheries.

THE MAGNUSON-STEVENS ACT WAS ENACTED TO PUSH FOREIGN FISHING FLEETS FAR FROM U.S. SHORES AND HELP RESTORE OVERFISHED OFFSHORE RESOURCES. THE OFFSHORE FISHERIES CHANGED TO CURRENTLY BEING FULLY DOMESTIC USA BY 1990.

THE STATE OF ALASKA CONSTITUTION, about varying degrees of independence and autonomy vs federal laws policies and initiatives.
We note the fact that Alaska bans fish farming in state waters (Inshore waters) but President Trump is pushing for sites in federally controlled waters, from three to 200 miles offshore. Alaska is wary of federal push for marine aquaculture. The U.S. has a seafood trade deficit, and the Trump administration’s answer is to promote aquaculture in federal waters. That’s alarmed some who see this as a threat to Alaska’s longstanding ban on fish farms. 
U.S. Sen. Dan Sullivan’s office said he supports Alaska’s right to opt out.
“He will not support any legislation that endangers our world class fisheries or negatively impacts Alaska’s robust seafood industry,” Sullivan’s spokesman Mike Anderson wrote in a statement. “Further, any federal legislation he would support must respect Alaska’s current prohibition.”
U.S. Senator Lisa Murkowski hasn’t taken a position.

THE NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES MANAGEMENT COUNCIL NPFMC, IS TODAY A COMMERCIAL-FISHING DOMINATED ENTITY THAT SETS FISHING REGULATIONS FOR THE U.S. GOVERNMENT’S  “EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE (EEZ)” FROM THREE- TO 200-MILES OFF ALASKA’S COAST. This North Pacific Fishery Management Council has 11 voting seats, of which 6 are nominated by the State of Alaska. As a result, Alaska has the opportunity to focus the work of the council on issues of import to our state and its fishermen and communities. Fact per October 2018 : The NPFMC is looking at adjusting the AI Pacific cod harvest set-aside program to protect shore plants in the Aleutians. NPFMC is also considering limiting participation in the trawl catcher vessel cod fishery and the number of catcher processors acting as motherships.

The North Pacific Fisheries Management Council :
Per November 2019 the status is that the Alaska State has a multi-year plan for fisheries priorities on the federal council NFPM.
First NFPM effort is to resolve long-standing issues related to the observer program for GROUNDFISH and HALIBUT fisheries. It is critical that managers continue to have a robust observer program that provides high quality data for stock assessments and fisheries management.
Second NFPM effort is that We also plan to focus our attention on developing a comprehensive management program for the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands trawl COD fishery. Catch limits have declined in recent years and the pace of this fishery has grown to a point where fishermen safety and bycatch have become concerns.
As we explore management alternatives for this fishery, we will consider options for rationalization of the fishery based on catch histories, protection of Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands coastal communities with shore-based processing plants, opportunities for cooperative fisheries strategies, and means to further reduce bycatch of halibut.

AFTER CONDUCTING A BLIND TASTE TEST OF FARMED AND WILD SALMON IN 2013, THE WASHINGTON POST REPORTED THE FARMED FISH WON “HANDS DOWN.’‘ SO ALL NOTES : THE ACTUAL US CONSUMER EXPERIENCE IS THE EXACT OPPOSITE OF THE LONGHELD MYTH!

THE STATE OF ALASKA (!) IS NOW HELPING ALASKA FISH PROCESSORS BASED IN WASHINGTON STATE FUND A MULTI-MILLION DOLLAR PUBLIC RELATIONS AND ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN TO SELL AMERICANS ON THE IDEA ALASKA WILD SALMON IS BETTER THAN FARMED SALMON. THE IDEA IS TO ATTRACT A PREMIUM PRICE FOR ALASKA WILD SALMON IN A MARKET WHERE ALASKA SALMON HAVE BECOME A MINORITY PLAYER.

THE ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME. IT IS A FACT ALASKA STRUGGLES TO MAINTAIN COMMERCIAL PRODUCTIVITY IN ITS MOST-VALUABLE, WILD-SALMON FISHERIES,  COMPETITION IN THE FISH MARKET IS LOOMING ON EVERY HORIZON ALSO SINCE LAND-BASED SALMON FARMS (!) RAS-FARMS ARE POPPING UP IN ODD PLACES ACROSS THE U.S.A. In 2010, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game reported that 158 million salmon were commercially harvested. Of this, 77 million salmon were identified as ocean ranched. Therefore, in 2010, ocean ranched salmon represented over 49% of the commercial catch in Alaska. The state of Alaska is well aware that its ban on offshore finfish farming is at stake.
“I think it’s safe to say that we’re going to fight pretty hard to maintain the state’s opt-out option and maintain the ability to prohibit finfish farming off of Alaska,” Sam Rabung, chief of Alaska Department of Fish and Game’s aquaculture division, said.

THE NORTH PACIFIC COMMERCIAL HALIBUT FISHERY IS TODAY ONE OF THE REGION'S LARGEST AND MOST LUCRATIVE. WE NOTE HERE THE FACT THAT AS OF 2008 THE ATLANTIC HALIBUT POPULATION WAS SO DEPLETED THROUGH OVERFISHING THAT IT MIGHT BE DECLARED AN ENDANGERED SPECIES.

THE COMMERCIAL SALMON FISHERY IN THE 49TH STATE IS NOT GOING AWAY ANY DAY SOON. WE NOTE THAT FOR A BRIEF MOMENT IN TIME THE ALASKANS CONTROLLED SALMON MARKETS. THERE IS SURE TO BE A CONTINUING DEMAND FOR THE BEST OF ALASKA WILD SALMON, JUST AS THERE IS A DEMAND FOR THE BEST OF ALMOST EVERYTHING. BUT MARKET FORCES CAN BE EXPECTED TO CONTINUALLY DRIVE SALMON PRICES DOWN, AND THE MORE EFFICIENT AND PRODUCTIVE FISH FARMS BECOME, THE MORE PRICES WILL FALL WITH PRESSURE COMING BOTH FROM DEEPWATER (Author: Ref eg Norway) PLUS! ON LAND (Author: Ref eg U.S.A. + elsewhere globally). For instance, Atlantic  Sapphire’s start-up production in Florida USA of 10,000 tons will about equal the average sockeye salmon harvest in Cook Inlet, the waterway at the doorstep of the state’s largest city.

THE ALASKA BOARD OF FISHERIES LARGELY REGULATES THE STATE’S SALMON FISHERIES.
The New National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (OAA) director Chris Oliver, said at a recent session in Juneau, Alaska that wild harvests can’t keep up with global demand.
“Aquaculture is going to be where the major increases in seafood production occur whether it happens in foreign countries or in United States waters.»
Moreover, we also note the fact that THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION IN 2011 ORGANIZED A $13 MILLION PLAN TO BUY BACK ABOUT 15 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL OF SOUTHEAST SEINE PERMITS.

THE PACIFIC SALMON COMMISSION’S NORTHERN PANEL.

ICICLE SEAFOODS’ PORTFOLIO INCLUDES FIVE SALMON FARMS IN PUGET SOUND AND AN ARRAY OF ALASKA CATCHER BOATS, PROCESSING VESSELS AND SHORE-BASED PLANTS THAT HANDLE WILD SALMON, CRAB, HERRING, COD AND OTHER SEAFOOD SPECIES. ICICLE SEAFOODS WAS BEFORE 2020 PART OF COOKE SEAFOOD (!) THAT HAS OPERATIONS FROM CHILE TO SCOTLAND ALSO HEAVILY ON FISH FARMING (!). COOKE PRODUCES SOME OF THE VERY BEST SEAFOOD IN THE WORLD. IT IS A COMPANY OF 9,000 EMPLOYEES AND HAS OPERATIONS IN NINE COUNTRIES AROUND THE GLOBE, AND HARVEST MORE THAN 17 CORE SPECIES OF FISH. COOKE BASED IN CANADA WILL HENCE NOW BE A PLAYER IN ALASKA’S WILD-SALMON INDUSTRY, WHICH HAS LONG BEEN WARY OF THE FARMED-SALMON COMPETITION. 

THE PETERSBURG VESSEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION IS THE LEAD ASSOCIATION THAT ENSURES THAT ALL SEAFOOD HARVESTED BY THE PETERSBURG FLEET IS DONE SO IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER, CONSISTENT WITH THE FEDERAL CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES. THE SUSTAINABILITY OF ALL COMMERCIALLY HARVESTED RESOURCES HAS BEEN A TRADEMARK OF THE FISHERIES PARTICIPATED IN BY PETERSBURG FISHERMEN. NOTE ALSO HERE THAT PETERSBURG RANKED AS 13TH IN THE NATION IN TERMS OF THE VALUE OF ITS CATCHES IN 2011. STILL A FISHING TOWN, THEY PROCESS OVER A MILLION POUNDS OF FISH AND SHELLFISH A YEAR AND ARE THE 15TH-MOST LUCRATIVE FISHERIES PORT IN THE UNITED STATES BY VOLUME.

NORWAY’S GIGANTIC CORPORATION NOW MOWI ASA BEFORE MARINE HARVEST ASA IS BY FAR THE GLOBE’S BIGGEST PRODUCER OF FARMED SALMON SINCE IT ANNUALLY TURNS OUT NEARLY TWICE AS MUCH SALMON AS ALL OF ALASKA’S SALMON FISHERIES COMBINED. Yes, note that fact! MOWI ASA IS THE WORLD'S LEADING SEAFOOD COMPANY, AND THE WORLD’S LARGEST PRODUCER OF ATLANTIC SALMON. IN CONNECTION WITH THIS WE NOTE THE FACT THAT SALMON FARMERS ALREADY CONTROL 70 PERCENT OF THE SALMON MARKET, ACCORDING TO THE WORLD WILDLIFE FUND.
2019 NEWS STATES THAT THE «MOWI» COMPANY OF NORWAY IS RANKED WORLD’S MOST SUSTAINABLE PROTEIN PRODUCER SINCE MOWI IS ON TOP OF THE COLLER FAIRR PROTEIN INDEX, WHICH RANKS THE WORLD’S LARGEST LISTED PROTEIN PRODUCERS ON SUSTAINABILITY. THIS INDEX IS THE WORLD’S ONLY BENCHMARK DEDICATED. 

THE RENOWNED U.S. MONTEREY BAY AQUARIUM HAS NAMED NEW ZEALAND KING SALMON «THE WORLD’S MOST ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE FARMED SALMON»

A LANDBASED SALMON-RAISING FISH FARM IN WISCONSIN IS JUST NOW GOING OPERATIONAL, NAMELY THE «SUPERIOR FRESH» COMPANY AND THE COO BRANDON GOTTSACKER STATES THIS. “WE ARE RAISING THE MOST PREMIUM SALMON IN THE WORLD».

NORWAY’S ANOTHER HUGE CORPORATION THE «SALMAR AS», HAS THIS YEAR 2020 IN ACTUAL BUSINESS OPERATION IN MIDDLE NORWAY A FULLY AUTOMATED OFFSHORE FISH FARM FACILITY THAT ALLOWS 3 OR 4 PEOPLE TO «CULTIVATE» UP TO 1.5 MILLION FISH PER YEAR.

AS ALWAYS BEFORE MODERN TECHNOLOGY IS KEY, AND TODAY ALL OF NORWAY’S ADVANCED OFFSHORE OIL-AND-GAS TECH IS FUELING AQUACULTURE TECH.  NORWAY IS TODAY ALSO KIND OF THE NASA OF OCEANS MANAGEMENT AND IS PER 2020 TAKING WHAT IT LEARNED ON THAT PLUS ON THE NORTH SEA TECHNOLOGY BOOST, AND NORWAY IS THUS PRO-ACTIVELY USING ALL THIS MODERN OCEANS MANAGEMENT TO FORCEFULLY PROPEL AND ACCELERATE IT’S COMMERCIAL INDUSTRY ON AQUACULTURE AND SEAFOOD. 

WE NOTE AND PAY RESPECT TO THE FACT THAT THREE CANADIAN CONSERVATION GROUPS STATE ADVOCATE THAT ALASKAN SALMON RANCHES AND INTERCEPTION FISHERIES ARE DAMAGING B.C.’S WILD SALMON POPULATIONS. THESE THREE GROUPS PLAN TO CHALLENGE THE ECO-CERTIFICATION AWARDED TO THE ALASKAN SALMON FISHERY BY THE MARINE STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL (MSC). THE CONSERVATIONISTS WORRY THAT SLOW PROGRESS ON THE FISHERY’S UNFULFILLED CONDITIONS ARE DAMAGING B.C.’S WILD SALMON STOCKS. KEY ARGUMENT IS THAT OCEAN-RANCHED SALMON COULD DAMAGE WILD STOCKS BY OUT-COMPETING THEM FOR FOOD AND BY MIXING WITH SPAWNING POPULATIONS.

THE UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIST GUNNAR KNAPP IN HIS 2004 REPORT OBSERVED THAT THE «COSTS OF FARMING, PROCESSING AND DISTRIBUTING CHILEAN COHO SALMON TO THE JAPANESE WHOLESALE MARKET ARE ABOUT $1.63, AND THAT FUTURE COSTS ARE LIKELY TO STAY AT ABOUT THIS LEVEL»

PREMIER FISHERY HISTORIANS FOR ALASKA AND THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. In addition, highly renowned and credible professors at US universities gives their professional advice at conferences to both the Seafood industry and to federal Legislature institutions.

TODAY IT’S MODERN FREE-RANGE HATCHERY SALMON,  MARKETED AS “ALASKA WILD,” THAT HAVE BECOME A KEY PART OF THE ALASKA COMMERCIAL FISHING INDUSTRY. IT IS FARMING CHINOOK SALMON – KINGS TO ALMOST EVERYONE IN ALASKA – WHICH HAVE “BEEN RECOGNISED BY WORLD-RENOWNED MONTEREY BAY AQUARIUM.

THE OCEAN RANCHING OPERATIONS STARTED BY THE STATE ARE NOW RUN BY COLLECTIVES OF COMMERCIAL FISHERMEN THE STATE HELPED ORGANIZE AS REGIONAL AQUACULTURE ASSOCIATIONS. ALASKA BANNED FISH FARMING (NET-PENNED) ABOUT THREE DECADES AGO, BUT IT JUMPED HEAVILY INTO OCEAN-RANCHING.

Since 1959 many limitation on gear types, open fishing areas and season openings have been necessarily imposed for Alaska. These actions have been taken due to the increased popularity of commercial fishing and the growing efficiency of fishing methods. Consequently, some season openings are as short as 24 hours, and some Alaska areas are closed to those who fish commercially, except for owners of "limited entry permits."

The fish trap was highly efficient and widely used. During its inception year in 1949, the Alaska Fisheries Board recommended the prohibition of fish traps. This recommendation became law at the time of statehood in 1959.

MOTORS WERE PROHIBITED IN THE GILLNET FISHERY BY TERRITORIAL LAW UNTIL 1951.

Section 3, key fact takeaways from sources :

Please read another full page in my E-Book about THE ICICLE SEAFOODS STORY, AN UPDATE ON MODERN TIMES covering:

1. Icicle Seafoods and also Pacific American Fisheries.
2. Cooke Seafood via Paine & Partners.
3. The Southeast Alaska Seiners Association.
4. The International Pacific Fisheries Commission.
5. The Alaska Legislature overall.

Have a goodread here then y’all and many thanks again for your keen interest in knowing facts from multiple credible sources the best way possible !
Utmost key references sources shall be listed also !

Summary photo no 6

Summary photo no 7

The Alaska herring fleet was called "The Norwegian Navy,"

Norwegians came to the Pacific Coast in comparatively large numbers at about the same time that the herring and fish oil industries were being developed. So, although not the founders of these industries, they were important as their developers. The herring fishery was established in 1888, the same year that fishing for halibut began, but for a score of years herring was used principally as halibut bait. As late as 1910, only 180 men were employed. After fifteen more years of development, the herring fishery had reached its heyday, with fiftyfour salting plants and reduction plants for converting herring into meal and other products, which employed 1,839 persons. By 1935 the number of persons employed in the industry had been reduced by exactly 500, to 1,339. [106]
There are no records which reveal how many of the herring fishermen were Norwegians, although people in the industry are inclined to believe that the percentage was large. For a number of years the Alaska herring fleet was called "The Norwegian Navy," and the term was apparently justified.

Reference of this short excerpt of original English text from the source with Copyright 1985 by the NORWEGIAN-AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION , Minnesota USA, by NHAA Online. NHAA gets the E-Book copy with this referral to source.

Herring fishing in Alaska per 1930s were manned by Norwegian fishermen

Edward Weber Allen wrote in North Pacific in 1936: "We were a little too early in the season to see what those who would follow in a month or so would find at the Ketchikan waterfront -- its pilings, docks and floats fairly alive with cannery tenders, purse-seine boats, tugs, and scows; and the brawny, tough, swearing, but withal good hearted, honest and self reliant salmon, herring, and halibut fishermen, mostly Norwegian." The records of the United Fishermen's Union of the Pacific at Seattle show that in the late 1930s the largest number of boats clearing through its office for herring fishing in Alaska were manned by Norwegian fishermen. Peter Thams Buschmann of Petersburg, Alaska, was the first to salt herring in commercial quantities. In 1898 only a few thousand barrels were packed and marketed among the Scandinavians in the Middle West. Other Norwegians followed Buschmann -- Storfold & Grondahl Packing Co., of Washington Bay, Baranof Island, and Einar Beyer, in Southeast Alaska, -- so that by 1918 100,000 barrels were being packed. Carl Overby and Chris L. Foss were also prominent entrepreneurs in this business.

Reference of this short excerpt of original English text from the source with Copyright 1985 by the NORWEGIAN-AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION , Minnesota USA, by NHAA Online. NHAA gets the E-Book copy with this referral to source.

Halibut fleet status 1940 : At the present time over nine persons in every ten engaged in the [halibut] industry are Norwegians. This average will hardly be exceeded by any other industry in the country.

Although not the founders of the halibut fishery, Norwegians became its principal developers in the second phase of the evolution of the industry. The uninterrupted development of this industry in the Pacific Northwest dates from 1888, when two vessels from Gloucester, Massachusetts, made catches of halibut on Flattery Bank and in the adjacent region. For several years thereafter, two methods of catching halibut were in use.

At first eastern interests, with Pacific Coast headquarters located in Vancouver, British Columbia, took the greater part of the catch in North Pacific waters, using large vessels and steamers. Individual fishermen, however, used small halibut schooners of from five to ten register tons. The large vessels, the steamers, and the small schooners increased in numbers for a period [108] of years, with the large vessels catching the greatest share of the halibut. Small boats increased in importance, however, after the turn of the century, especially after 1905, the year which marks the change to small power driven schooners.

By 1910 the power driven schooners, which were the property of the fishermen themselves, occupied the most important position in the halibut industry; by the early 1920s they enjoyed full control of the field. As the operations of larger vessels and steamers became unprofitable, the eastern financial interests withdrew from the industry, leaving it one whose capital investments, aside from receiving stations and wholesale departments, were owned by the fishermen themselves.

In this second phase of the industry, Norwegians began to participate actively as halibut fishermen. During the years of transition, they became increasingly important as fishermen and as boat owners, and by the 1920s they had become the dominant group. Concerning the position of Norwegians in the halibut industry in 1940, Harold Lokken, then manager of the Vessel Owners' Association of Seattle, wrote to the author: "At the present time, there are approximately four hundred American vessels engaged in fishing halibut in North Pacific waters. These vessels are manned by from three to eleven fishermen each, making a total in all of approximately three thousand fishermen engaged in catching halibut as a livelihood. . . At the present time over nine persons in every ten engaged in the [halibut] industry are Norwegians. This average will hardly be exceeded by any other industry in the country.

Reference of this short excerpt of original English text from the source with Copyright 1985 by the NORWEGIAN-AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION , Minnesota USA, by NHAA Online. NHAA gets the E-Book copy with this referral to source.

Norwegians were leaders in the flourishing cod fishery of Alaska, and they were the principal constructors and tenders of fishing traps in Alaska in 1920s and 1930s (Alaska traps outlawed 1940s). Norwegian trollers are still active.

During the past forty years notable changes have occurred in the fisheries of the Pacific Northwest which have dramatically affected Norwegian participation in them, with the result that their activity is now confined to three or four branches of the trade, unlike the first sixty years when they were pursuing a dozen avenues. Norwegians no longer engage in the tuna fishery off the California coast nor do they fish for soupfin shark and dogfish on the Oregon and Washington coasts. Dogfish [110] is now commercially harvested, filleted, and shipped to England and West Germany for fish and chips. Whaling, of course, is no longer pursued. At one time, the craft fishing for herring were largely Norwegian, but this activity has virtually ceased. Salmon trolling on the Washington coast has been somewhat reduced, although Norwegians, aided by a marketing association, still constitute the major element in this fishery. Some school teachers on vacation and others who are seasonally unemployed fish during the summer if they can finance a modest operation. Norwegian trollers are still quite active in Alaska, but not nearly to the extent that they were in the 1920s and 1930s. Some Norwegians still fish for albacore tuna off the coast of Oregon and Washington, and Norwegians are still leaders in the yet flourishing cod fishery of Alaska.

Norwegians, as stated earlier, were the principal constructors and tenders of fishing traps in Alaska and on Puget Sound in the 1920s and early 1930s. Traps were the main source of fish for the canneries. Since traps were outlawed on Puget Sound in 1934 and in Alaska in the 1940s, these jobs have disappeared. When the traps were outlawed, the principal source of salmon for the canneries became the purse-seine.

Reference of this short excerpt of original English text from the source with Copyright 1985 by the NORWEGIAN-AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION , Minnesota USA, by NHAA Online. NHAA gets the E-Book copy with this referral to source.

Seattle, Puget Sound, and Washington in the 1890s offered much economic incentives. Primary belief was held by Norwegians in harvest of the sea and a mixed economy of fishing, farming, and logging in southeastern Alaska.

ONLY FOUR YEARS after the boundary between Canada and the United States was set at the 49th Parallel, the first Norwegian arrived in the Pacific Northwest. It was 1849, the year of the great gold rush to California, and his name was Zachariah Martin Toftezen. Exact details of his trek are wanting, but it is known that at age twenty-eight he had shipped out as a sailor and landed in New Orleans. The founders of what was to become the city of Seattle followed Toftezen by two years, in 1851. Chief Seattle, for whom the city is named, was a member of the Suquamish tribe. The Arthur Denny party came to Seattle over the Oregon Trail from Illinois to Portland, and then by ship to the Puget Sound. They landed on what is now known as Alki Point. Springing from the general movement westward, the rapid growth of Seattle yielded a variety of opportunities. A reputation for economic "good times" and full employment brought many Scandinavians to Seattle in the late 1880s, particularly following the fire of 1889. Attracted by high wages, people flocked to get work rebuilding the city; unskilled laborers earned a daily wage of $2.00 to $2.30, skilled workers $4.00 to $6.00, while some positions paid as much as $8.00 per day. These figures seem generous indeed when viewed against the national average earnings paid unskilled workers for a six-day week of $8.88 in 1892 and $8.94 in 1900, or even of $17.61 per week in 1892 and $18.06 in 1900 for skilled workers in the building trades. Seattle's "good times," however, were interrupted by the depression of 1892-1893, which caused a decline in wages, an increase in unemployment, and a slowing of population growth. Prosperity was not to return fully until the beginning of the Alaska-Yukon gold rush in 1897, and then it came in abundance. People poured into Seattle, and by 1900 the city had grown to a population of 80,671 as compared to 56,842 in 1897. In addition to the brisk trade with Alaska, turn-of-the-century Seattle was greatly expanding its Asian trade. At the turn of the century most Scandinavian men in Seattle and Ballard found employment in the industrial and crafts sector, with trade and commerce increasing in importance for them by 1900.

Seattle, Puget Sound, and Washington as a whole in the 1890s offered economic incentives to those in more established parts of the country as well as to foreigners arriving directly from abroad. The arrival of the Scandinavians in large numbers coincided with that of other peoples, largely of North European stock, who participated in the American movement westward. While the attractions of the West served to pull migrants and the expanding railroad network offered an accessible means of transportation, conditions in the Midwest, such as the depletion of prime lands, drought, and economic depressions, pushed them toward the West. Augmenting the number of potential Scandinavian migrants to western destinations like Seattle were those emigrating di-rectly from the Nordic countries during this era. Three-fourths of the total emigration from Scandinavia took place in the thirty-five-year span from 1881 through 1915, the Norwegian, Swedish, Icelandic, and Danish exodus being primarily before 1900 with only the Finnish occurring largely after the turn of the century.

When the Norwegians moved into the Pacific North [198] west they found a land very similar in climate and scenery to their homeland. The surprising difference was the huge stands of big trees. The forests provided them with a livelihood until they could clear a piece of land and begin to grow their food. The summer is reminiscent of summer in Scandinavia and the Baltic area, although the winters are milder on Puget Sound. Swedes and Norwegians find here majestic mountains, which remind them of their own magnificent mountain chains, clad in the same dark green and covered with the same glistening snow. Settlers from Finland can likewise find here scenery to satisfy their longing for the land of the thousand lakes. The Norwegians worked, to be sure, to develop bountiful forest and fishing resources. Their wandering northward in large numbers was, however, associated with the discovery of gold and the prospects of easy riches in the gold fields of Alaska and the Klondike. Their motivation included topographical and climatic conditions, employment possibilities, and active recruitment by economic interests. But also important were family connections and the emergence of immigrant social and cultural institutions. Dozens of sawmills sprang up, some the largest in the world, and the timber products found a worldwide market.

Amidst this abundance of timber, game, waterfowl, fish, shellfish, wild berries, and fruit lived the children of Nature, the Indians. At first the white man posed no threat to their livelihood and the relationship was amicable. There were here none of the fierce military confrontations that shook the Midwest, though the Indians’ lack of a sense of ownership of land was later to create problems. The Indian tribes limited their activities within fairly well defined areas. A tribe would usually number only a few hundred souls. Since here there was very little need for extended travel as with the nomadic tribes of the plains, each tribe developed its own customs, culture, and language, somewhat like the fjord and mountain communities of Norway. The Indians around Seattle, Bainbridge, and parts of Kitsap county were called the Suquamish. The Point Elliott Treaty in 1855 set aside a tract of land for the Suquamish tribe and they still own a part of it.

Reference of this short excerpt of original English text from the source with Copyright 1985 by the NORWEGIAN-AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION , Minnesota USA, by NHAA Online. NHAA gets the E-Book copy with this referral to source.

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Norwegians were attracted to these parts of the continent; the landscape, as well as familiar modes of livelihood in lumbering and fishing

THE SCENERY of Alaska and the west coast of the mainland United States is strongly reminiscent of the coastal districts of Norway. Many Norwegians were attracted to these parts of the continent; the landscape, as well as familiar modes of livelihood in lumbering and fishing, added to the region’s appeal. Some Norwegians moved there from their settlements in the Midwest and others migrated to the area directly from Norway.

IN 1893, H. C. Wahlberg, a businessman in Seattle, saw great economic possibilities in Alaska. It should, he thought, become to the Pacific Coast and to America what the Lofoten Islands and Finnmark were to Norway, and he urged the founding of a Norwegian or Scandinavian colony in the territory. He and others who expressed similar views in the early 1890s and spoke of another "Land of the Midnight Sun" or a "New Norway" were thinking of the rich harvest of the sea and a mixed economy of fishing, farming, and logging in southeastern Alaska.

At a much later date, in 1944, C. L. Andrews, in a chapter titled "The Alaska of the Future," maintained that the territory "is the Greater Scandinavia,'' with vastly more resources than Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Finland combined, but with only a tiny population.

Ingrid Semmingsen quotes an early immigrant's description of Puget Sound as being "as like Hardanger as any place can be." Semmingsen herself continues in a similar vein, describing the landscape with its "sounds and islands, fjords and mountains" as reminiscent of Vestlandet.

Reference of this short excerpt of original English text from the source with Copyright 1985 by the NORWEGIAN-AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION , Minnesota USA, by NHAA Online. NHAA gets the E-Book copy with this referral to source.

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The top photo shows the 1828 status of Petersburg in Alaska!

This was the early settlement of the fisheries village named Petersburg holding only circa 300 inhabitants then around 1900, in contrast to today’s population of circa 3100 upon immigration of mostly Norwegians besides other new settlers. The third photo is originally taken BW in the year 1918.

Alaska’s transition from 1800s salmon traps & canning industry to longlining gillnets purse seining and trolling plus fishing by Sportsmen Anglers with traditions in mind

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Sunset Kopparen, Fevåg lighted at night, Jamtfallet houses, Stjørnfjorden, Trondheimsfjorden with Hitra Frøya Ørland Frohavet seen from Fevåg, Brettingen mountain towards Ørland, Mikkelholmen salmon traps scenery, Fevåg pier towards Frengsheia mountain, the author of this eBook Mr Odd Sverre Strand.

Sights of Fevåg by the Atlantic Ocean, by author Odd S. Strand

My credits to the vivid use of Milkshake web-app plus the apps Colorize plus Photomyne besides also Kindle app + Amazon.com. My gratitude also extends to Myheritage.com that got me started on this four year long project that resulted in Milkshake here. I hope this Milkshake web-tool is great for your use also :)

Little Norway. Big Adventure. A History of Petersburg Settlers, in particular three brothers related to me that immigrated from Norway in 1906 ! As tribute, this eBooklet I name «Great Adventures» !!

Top picks, ScenicRoutes Petersburg AK, Canada, Denver CO & Norway (Please scroll down up, Click on a photo of your choice, Enjoy more photos & Return here)


Petersburg AK photos, Recommendation #1, (Ref to Mr Ole Kristian Christoffersen Strand working living at Petersburg 1906-1919)


WrangellNarrows photos, Recommendation #2


Inside Passage photos, Recommendation #3


The Tracy Arm Fjord photos, Recommendation #4


NB!! A Must See!! Hear The Atom-Ole or Dynamite-Ole about 1905 !! Senior Citizens of Petersburg Alaska interviewed by famous Mr Erik Bye in 1968, 39 min Norway NRK TV program


Ontario & Great Lakes Canada photos, Recommendation #5 (Ref to Mr Jon Arnt Strand plus Ref to Mr Andrew Twigg at Cruising Canoes ... see their website! )


Ontario & Great Lakes Canada photos, Recommendation #6 (Ref to Mr Jon Arnt Strand)


Denver Colorado USA photos, Recommendation #7 (Ref to Mr Ole Jostein Wilmann)


Denver Colorado USA photos, Recommendation #8 (Ref to Mr Ole Jostein Wilmann)


Trøndelag, Middle of Norway photos, Recommendation #9 (Ref to Anne-Lise Grande Vollan)


Trøndelag, Middle of Norway photos, Recommendation #10 (Ref to Anne-Lise Grande Vollan)


Salmon Ocean-Farming Trøndelag Norway photos, Recommendation #11 (Ref Mr Odin Strand Mr Anton Strand)


MS Veidar the Norwegian Longliner 2018, Ref ownership : Reder Sindre Johan Dyb og hans to kompanjonger Ronald Dyb og Torfinn Ulla. https://fiskeribladet.no/nyheter/?artikkel=59073


Fevåg Frengsheia Tr.lag photos, Recommendation #12 (Ref Mr Odin Strand Mr Anton Strand)


Oslo the Capital of Norway photos, Recommendation #13 (Ref Mr Odd S. Strand)


Scenic places all over Norway photos, Recommendation #14


Live view of Norway’s cities HD Webcams, Recommendation #15


25 Reasons with photos Norway Is The Greatest Place On Earth, Recommendation #16


Norway's Incredible Roadside Viewpoints , photos by Forbes, Recommendation #17


Norway’s National Tourist Routes or here just the 18 tourist roads (scenic routes) in photos, Recommendation #18


Perilous picnic spots in photos: Norway takes roadside stops to a new level. (Financial Times), Recommendation #19


Red Rocks Amphitheatre, Morrison, Denver CO, Recommendation #20


40 Must-See Colorado Hotspots Part one, Recommendation #21


40 Must-See Colorado Hotspots Part two, Recommendation #22


Top 12 Scenic Drives for Summer in Colorado in photos, Recommendation #23


10 days in Norway: A Complete Norway Road Trip Itinerary, check this personally handcrafted one by Jessica when you’re planning a Norway road trip !! , Recommendation #24


Coastal Norway photos, Getty Images, Recommendation #25


Land of Midnight Sun & Summer in Norway photos, Getty Images, Recommendation #26


Scenic Winter Fisheries Norway photos, Push Next till end of photos, Recommendation #27


Norway’s Salmon fishfarming & Seafood cooking photos, Push Next till end of photos, Recommendation #28


Canoeing Algonquin Ontario Canada photos, Push Next till end of photos, (Ref Cruising Canoes with Mr Andrew Twigg in Ontario), Recommendation #29


Salmon Fisheries + Bears in Alaska photos, Recommendation #30


Top 10 Must See places in Scenic Norway, favorites held by a professional photographer, Recommendation #31


PromotionvideoinYoutube on RealEstate in Råkvåg, this showcases residents & tourists in summer scenery in a Trøndelag village, Recommendation #32


LifeinNorway.net news by David Nikel : Dual Citizenship Adopted in Norway as from 2020 !! Recommendation #33


Lovely, hospitable Petersburg is a traditional fishing community that proudly celebrates its Norweigian heritage and still makes its living from the sea

Little Norway. Big Adventure.

Little Norway. Big Adventure. The Petersburg Branding Project was completed in 2012. Alaska’s Little Norway was founded more than 100 years ago by Norwegian fishermen. Petersburg was named after Peter Buschmann, a Norwegian immigrant who arrived in the late 1890s and homesteaded on the north end of Mitkof Island. He built a cannery, a sawmill and a dock between 1890 and 1900. His family's homesteads grew into Petersburg, which was populated largely by people of Scandinavian origin. Petersburg is a small, vibrant town with about 3,000 permanent residents, located on the northern tip of wooded Mitkof Island in the heart of the Tongass National Forest. Petersburg is quite the unique and special place.

Petersburg’s rich commercial fishing and seafood processing history over the decades

Little Norway. Big Adventure.

Petersburg is homeport to over 500 commercial fishing vessels. It’s common to see many types of boats, such as tugs, small cruise ships, charter boats, salmon trollers, seiners, gillnetters, longliners and crabbers. Petersburg is homeport to one of most productive and diverse commercial fishing fleets in Alaska, and location of three major seafood processing plants, and several small custom processors. On average, over 70 million pounds of fish and shellfish crosses the dock in Petersburg each year, making Petersburg one of the nation’s top ports as well. Still a fishing town, they process over a million pounds of fish and shellfish a year and are the 15th-most lucrative fisheries port in the United States by volume. Petersburg Creek - Located across from Wrangell and accessible by boat. Boats and accommodations are available in Petersburg. A variety of salmon is available as well as Dolly Varden, steelhead, cutthroat trout and many more species. Petersburg is an island community that continues to make a living from the sea. We have three beautiful harbors which attract the smaller cruise ships, private yachts and pleasure boats to town in the summer months.

Petersburg’s rich commercial fishing and seafood processing history over the decades has resulted in a skilled workforce and a culture of business that will support and increase opportunities for success. The Petersburg labor market is largely seasonal with the dominant industry being seafood harvesting and processing. In Petersburg, Alaska, we attract businesses looking to take advantage of a highly qualified workforce, strategic location in Southeast Alaska, and low cost of operations. Our award winning schools and public library, along with our many recreational opportunities continue to attract families to our area. Petersburg boasts award winning schools and is recognized as one of the best school systems in Alaska.

Visiting Petersburg, Alaska : Velkommen til Petersburg !! :)

Little Norway. Big Adventure.

Petersburg is quite the unique and special place, where it is a small, vibrant town with about 3,000 permanent residents. The charm of this quaint, coastal town is derived from its friendly people and the surrounding Alaska wilderness.

Petersburg is an island community that continues to make a living from the sea. Here, you can relax away from the crowds, as the town is not a port of call for large cruise ships, which are unable to navigate the Wrangell Narrows, a winding, scenic waterway between Mitkof and Kupreanof islands. At the north end of the Wrangell Narrows, a 22-mile channel that is only 300 feet wide and 19 feet deep in places, is Petersburg, the center of Norwegian culture in Alaska. Lovely, hospitable Petersburg is a traditional fishing community that proudly celebrates its Norweigian heritage and still makes its living from the sea, with commercial and pleasure boats dominating area waters.

We have three beautiful harbors which attract the smaller cruise ships, private yachts and pleasure boats to town in the summer months. Visit a place that still hold on to its small town roots. Leave the crowds behind, and take a trip to this thriving fishing village with a strong Norwegian heritage. Visit with our hardworking and friendly residents and learn about our abundant marine life. Petersburg is located on the northern tip of wooded Mitkof Island in the heart of the Tongass National Forest. So feel free to hike in a rainforest, gaze at glaciers, go halibut fishing or simply go outside and breathe in the island fresh air. Rich traditions and a pride in culture are very prominent in this special town. Petersburg is located on Frederick Sound near the summer feeding grounds of hundreds of humpback whales. The Stikine-LeConte Wilderness Area, with the spectacular LeConte Glacier calving off tons of bright blue icebergs, is just a short boat ride away.

Step back in time for our 2-day Fourth of July celebration or take a mini-visit to Scandinavia during 4 days in May as we celebrate Norwegian Constitution Day with our Little Norway Festival. We are proud to share our Petersburg hospitality and help you to enjoy the breathtaking wilderness that surrounds us. Whether your interest is hiking our many beautiful trails, flight-seeing over the glaciers, chartering a boat for whale watching or a glacier trip, birding, sports fishing or sightseeing, Petersburg has it!

The word adventure can be replaced with Opportunity, Fish, Fun, and others for targeted communications to different audiences.

“Little Norway. Big Adventure”

The line in the Brand Identity, “Little Norway. Big Adventure” provides a natural evolution from Alaska’s Little Norway (which the town had previously used) to a flexible line communicating the range of fun and opportunity that is distinguished by – but not limited to – the Norwegian heritage. Petersburg is also known as “the town that fish built”. In order to develop a clear and consistent message about Petersburg, the Petersburg Branding Project was completed in 2012.

The word adventure can be replaced with Opportunity, Fish, Fun, and others for targeted communications to different audiences. The logo represents Petersburg’s respected, innovative, hardworking, agile fishing fleet, which is supported by some of the industry’s best processors. Like Petersburg, the hand-illustrated logo is beautiful yet pragmatic, colorful yet simple. The variety of boats and riggings reflects both the range of opportunities available in Petersburg and the individualism and independence that are prized.

For people who yearn for adventure and independence, Petersburg is a place where the fishing culture is distinguished by a strong Norwegian heritage so hard work and pursuit of authenticity are rewarded. Touches of the authentic Norwegian art form known as rosemaling (found throughout the architecture in Petersburg) add interest and color to ads, websites, etc. and subtly layer the Norwegian strategy on top of other key messages.

Sometimes the very nature of a place can make branding that place difficult. Take the authentic fishing village of Petersburg, Alaska. One of the top twenty ports in the nation, Petersburg is known for its hard-working, professional fleet and outstanding shore- based services. With their strong Norwegian heritage, the people of Petersburg are hardworking, modest, courageous, quiet and a bit stubborn. Combine that salty character with a couple of previous unsuccessful attempts at branding and you get a community of very reluctant marketers. How best to create an identity for this town worthy of the strong character of the people (and authentic enough to overcome anti-marketing mentalities)?

According to the National Marine Fisheries Service, the town Petersburg AK is the 15th-most lucrative fisheries port in the United States by volume.

Peter Buschmann from Norway settled here in the nineteenth century, building a cannery, sawmill, docks and early structures. The settlement was named Petersburg after him, and it flourished as a fishing port also because icebergs from the nearby LeConte Glacier provided a source for cooling fish. In 2011, 101 million pounds of fish and shellfish passed through Petersburg, with a dockside value of $65 million. That year Petersburg ranked as 13th in the nation in terms of the value of its catches.

By 1889, the Chinook runs were declining, and the canneries started processing the less sought-after steelhead and sockeye salmon, followed by coho and chum salmon. The numbers of salmon continued to decline because the canneries intercepted them before they could spawn in the upper river.

Salmon canneries, Southeast Alaska

Salmon canneries, Southeast Alaska

The commercial salmon canneries had their main origins in California, and in the northwest of the US, particularly on the Columbia River. They were never important on the US Atlantic Coast, but by the 1940s, the principal canneries had shifted to Alaska. Salmon was first sealed tin canned in 1839 at Saint John, New Brunswick. The salmon cannery industry spread in 1878 to Alaska, with a cannery on the Prince of Wales Island.
A salmon cannery commercially cans salmon, and it’s a fish-processing industry that became established on the Pacific coast of North America during the 19th century, and subsequently expanded to other parts of the world that had easy access to salmon.

Although women were paid for the work that they performed, their wages were among the lowest in the cannery. Within the canneries, as many as 50% of the workers could be women, which suggests that the female labor force was necessary to the operation of many canneries. records suggest that white women sometimes worked as cooks or assistant shopkeepers. Aside from actively participating in the canning process, women helped to make the canneries into more than just work sites. First Nations women came to the canneries with their husbands, fathers, or other male relatives. They were not idle during the canning season, but performed a number of important tasks within the cannery, similar to the tasks performed by the Chinese. People of many different nationalities worked in the canneries along the Pacific coast. The jobs that these different groups performed at the cannery, as well as the wages that they earned, were generally decided by their race. In the early years, Chinese and Japanese were the preferred cannery workers. While European workers were generally hired on an individual basis, Chinese men commonly were hired through contractors. These contractors, often called the China-boss, would agree on a set price with the cannery operators, and would then hire workers with that figure in mind. Individual Chinese laborers were then paid by the contractor who hired them, though the contractor generally kept a large portion of the money. Japanese workers were prized for their ability to repair boats, as well as their skills as fishermen. These skills placed them in direct competition with European and First Nations fishers.

Please reply to my email when you or a friend recognizes one or more of the persons faces in this combined photo. Uppermost left is Mr Anton Edvard Strand AND Mr Ole Kristoffer Strand ! Please be specific about which photo and which person!

WHO are these persons around time of 1906 - 1919 ? Maybe you as senior citizen recalls vividly and can assist us!

«Mayfest» in Petersburg is a huge celebration on the third weekend in May :)

«Mayfest« AND Petersburg The Best Town for Young Families in Alaska

Best Town for Young Families in Alaska:

The Petersburg borough was just named “Best Town for Young Families in Alaska,” by San Francisco-based organization NerdWallet. The Community receives high marks in education, cost of living and economic growth. The analyst conducting the study, Mike Anderson, describes the waterfront community of 3,200 residents as similar to “a northern European country in both climate and culture. Petersburg, Alaska was named the Best Town for Young Families in Alaska by NerdWallet.com. NerdWallet sought to better inform young families and parents-to-be by analyzing towns across Alaska according to five criteria:  public school rating from GreatSchools.com, average home value, cost of homeownership, average income, and economic growth. The Chamber of Commerce also states that our award winning schools and public library, along with our many recreational opportunities continue to attract families to our area. Our scenic location and small town charm attract over 20,000 visitors annually, as well as designation by Coastal Living magazine as one of the top ten bed-and-breakfast communities in America.

No 1 Nerdwallet’s Conclusion :
Nicknamed Little Norway, the waterfront city of Petersburg is like the northern European country in both climate and culture. Each year, on the third weekend of May, Petersburg puts on a four-day festival for Norwegian Constitution Day or Mayfest, a celebration of its Nordic heritage. The commercial fishing industry remains a powerhouse in this city as well. The schools are also excellent. The Petersburg City School District earned a 9 out of 10 from GreatSchools and its high school maintains a graduation rate above 90%.

Mayfest the third weekend in May :

"Little Norway" celebrates its «Mayfest» in the spirit of the Norwegian Constitution Day 17th of May in Norway, with a longer and more enthusiastic celebration than any known Norwegian-American settlement or community. It is a huge celebration on the third weekend in May.

Generally four days of festivities are planned, with the major events occurring early in the weekend. Recently Petersburg residents have traveled to Norway and have found that their American celebration of Norwegian Constitution day (Norwegian: grunnlovsdag) is longer than that in Norway, where they celebrate only on May 17.

Icicle Seafoods, now based in Seattle, grew from one plant in Petersburg, Alaska, into processing facilities throughout Alaska plus Washington and Oregon.

The Icicle Seafoods Story, an update on modern times !

Robert M. Thorstenson, Sr (1931–2009) , grandson of Icelandic immigrants, was the leader of the group who founded Icicle Seafoods in 1965. He was executive director of the Southeast Alaska Seiners Association, and he was very active in fisheries politics, serving four presidents on the International Pacific Fisheries Commission during the time the 200-mile limit was instituted. In his later years, he was active as the premier fishery historian for Alaska and the Pacific Northwest.

Pacific American Fisheries into Icicle Seafoods : Robert M. Thorstenson rose from assistant cannery superintendent in Petersburg to general superintendent of all Alaska operations of Pacific American Fisheries. Mr. Thorstenson was CEO and board chairman from 1965 to 1981 and remained involved in the company until 2007. When Pacific American decided to sell out in 1965, Mr. Thorstenson formed a group of fishermen to purchase the company’s Petersburg plant. Mr. Thorstenson, partners Tom Thompson, Magnus Martens and Gordon Jensen, and dozens of commercial fishermen owned the company and formed an employee stock-option program. The company was founded as Petersburg Fisheries and eventually was renamed Icicle Seafoods. Icicle Seafood's is one of the largest seafood companies in North America and reportedly has yearly sales of over $400-million dollars. Icicle is the largest private employer in the town of Petersburg as the parent company, Petersburg Fisheries, Inc. It draws around 600 workers to its cannery in the summer fishing season. Petersburg Fisheries is a division of Icicle Seafoods, Inc and is the oldest operating seafood plant in Alaska. Our cannery has operated continuously since 1899.

One example of the quest for product diversification came with the purchase in 1999 of the Pollock and Cod processor Northern Victor and its five combination trawlers. Another was building the surimi seafood processing facility in Bellingham, Washington that put the company in the value-oriented seafood analog product business; another established our Astoria, Oregon canned salmon labeling and warehousing operation that allows us to literally follow product from the ocean to the customer; another was opening the first full time multi-product sales office in Japan; and finally the establishment of an international in-house trading division all contribute to the company’s success.

Innovative seafood solutions came early in Icicle's history, with the development of year-round processing facilities and eventually floating processors like the R.M. Thorstenson, Northern Victor, and Gordon Jensen. These concepts were radical to Alaska's fishing industry in the early days, but enabled the company to provide stable employment, a variety of seafood products throughout the year and the opportunity to follow fishermen to remote coastal fishing locations where fish would not otherwise get harvested.

When Icicle Seafoods was sold in 2007, 62 percent of the company was owned by employees. The company is based in Seattle and has extensive holdings in Alaska including 3 floating processors that operate in Western Alaska fisheries. Icicle President and CEO Dennis Guhlke has resigned effective immediately and is being replaced by Amy Humphreys. She was the President of the fuel distribution company Delta Western and also spent 11-years with American Seafood's. Amy Humphreys is a proven and result-oriented leader with extensive experience in Alaska. Humphrey's is quoted as saying that Icicle Seafood's has many opportunities to continue its growth in both the wild and farmed seafood product offerings.

Icicle, one of Alaska’s largest seafood processors is in 2015 being sold to Indonesian companies Convergence Holdings and Dominion Catchers owned by the wealthy Soetantyo family. Convergence and its affiliates have extensive industry experience that will allow for continued investment in Icicle’s business.

Seattle’s Icicle Seafoods to be sold to Canadian aquaculture giant in 2016.
Icicle, with some 350 year-round employees and 2,000 seasonal workers, is set to become part of Cooke Seafood, a company with operations from Chile to Scotland. Seattle-based Icicle Seafoods, founded more than a half-century ago by Southeast Alaska fishermen, will be acquired by Canada-based Cooke Seafood, an aquaculture giant with global operations. Icicle Seafoods’ portfolio includes five salmon farms in Puget Sound and an array of Alaska catcher boats, processing vessels and shore-based plants that handle wild salmon, crab, herring, cod and other seafood species. Icicle Seafood CEO Christopher Ruettgers said in a statement that Cooke provides “a long-term owner dedicated to the seafood industry. The partnership also means access to capital to further modernize our platform, expanded market access for our fleets and a broader product offering for our customer base.”

Icicle is owned by Paine & Partners, a California-based investment group. Cooke, based in New Brunswick, said the salewill create an industry giant that will have some $1.8 billion in annual sales. Cooke also explained that because of Icicle’s diversification across a wide array of species and product forms, Cooke’s global sales team will be able to provide customers with year-round access to fresh seafood: wild salmon, black cod, pollock, rockfish, crab and farmed salmon in addition to fishery products from the Wanchese Fish Company. Cooke’s president also forecast that the acquisition of Icicle Seafoods, Inc. the Cooke group of companies will produce over 275,000 metric tonnes of seafood annually and generate CAD 1.8 billion (USD 1.3 billion) in annual sales. Terms of the transaction were not disclosed.

The three Icicle Seafoods units being sold process more than 150,000 metric tons of seafood annually. The deal, expected to close within 30 days, represents another consolidation in the seafood industry. Cooke grew out of a family-run business in Blacks Harbour, a small fishing community on Canada’s east coast. It currently has sales approaching $1 billion, and is invested in salmon farming in Canada, Maine, Chile and Scotland as well as other seafood ventures in Virginia and Spain.

Cooke will now be a player in Alaska’s wild-salmon industry, which has long been wary of the farmed-salmon competition. Halse says Cooke recognizes the historic tensions.
“We believe we have got to work together,” Halse said “We are all in the seafood business. The world is going to need more protein.” We’re going to keep the Icicle company name as well as the senior management,” said Cooke spokeswoman Nell Halse. “Our intention is to invest in the business.” Many salmon fishermen have been concerned that escaped farm fish might pose a risk to Alaska’s wild runs. The Alaska Legislature has banned fish farming in the coastal waters of the 49th state.

Employer Icecikle Seafoods marketing is this : If you are going to come to Alaska to work, choose an established seafood company with excellent Employee and Fisherman relations. That's us!

Two review stories told of Icicle Seafoods workers :

If there's one company I would recommend for someone wanting to get into the seafood industry in Alaska, it's Icicle. You can start with this company with no experience, they provide room/board and airfare to and from Seattle to all of there locations in Alaska, and it's a big company,so if you decide to stay on at the end of the Season at one location, you can probably transfer to another.
Now I will say this : the hours are brutal. I worked 16 to 18 hours a day, seven days a week, for two and a half months, and made a LOT of overtime pay working for them. But if you can make it through the season, as I did, it's worth it.
For anyone trying to break into the Alaska commercial fishing business, this is a company to consider. And if you want to work on a fishing boat, this company is well respected, and fishing boat captains mostly only consider applicants who have proven themselves working in a place like this. And even if you decide this is not for you, you come home to a fat bank account.

This job helps me do things I never had time or money to do before, like travel. The work is very hard, usually consisting of manual labor for 16+ hours, and mandatory overtime.
The contract is usually for 2 months, but you can stay up to a year with no problems. The amount of work depends on how much fish is caught, on my worst year I made $4,000 in 3 months, and on my best year I made $10,000 in 3 months.
Pros Discounted seafood products, discount meals, room & board, $500 refund if you complete the 2 month contract, opportunity to travel to Alaska without paying for a hotel.
Cons Mandatory overtime, standing for long periods of time, working in a cold environment, shared housing.

Stålbåten Veidar 1 var 90 fot lang og bygd ved Vaagland Båtbyggeri i Halsa Møre. Veidar 1 gjorde at Strandbrødrene ble enda mer mobile og også at de kunne ta i bruk snurpenot.

Motorkutter Veidar og Snurper Veidar 1, Havfarmen Br. Strand A/S til Trøndelag’s Havfarming / Fiskerier

Strandkarene Anton Ole Kristian og Hjalmar var tre brødre som hadde landnotbruk sammen, hvor da Kristian Strand i Frengen var også bas. Strandkarene skaffet seg snurpenot i 1933. I Fevåg hadde også brødrene Bakken notbruk, med Adolf Bakken som bas. Hardangerfjord som var Strandbrødrenes skute forliste i en brann utenfor Brettingen ved Fevåg i 1933.

Motorkutteren trebåten Veidar med sine 63 fot med fiskerimerket ST-1-SN var ingen kjempe på havet og hørte i sin tid heime i Fevåg. Hun ble innkjøpt til Fevåg av brødrene Ole Kristian og Kristian Strand i 1933. Veidar var ny erstatning etter brødrenes skute Hardangerfjord, og merk at det var flere landnotbaser som senere ble bas på snurpere i 1950 årene. Fremdriftsmaskineriet i Veidar besto av en en-sylindret 50 HK Wickmann. Veidar var opprinnelig bygd som hardangerkutter men ble ombygd like etter krigen ved et trelastbruk/båtbyggeri ved Strømmen på Inderøy. Her fikk hun påbygd en moderne krysserhekk samt ble forlenget til 69 fot. Vi hørte det var det eneste oppdraget de hadde med ombygging/forlengelse av båter. Veidar ble etter hvert overtatt fra Ole K. Strand og onkel Kristian Strand (begge het før USA Aspestrand) av Odin Strand og Anton Strand som var sønnene til Ole K. Strand. De drev med fiske etter storsilda med garn, som hjelpefartøy, samt med not og garnfiske etter torsken på Lofoten og på Finnmarka. Langs store deler av norskekysten ble altså Veidar brukt til sildefiske med not og garn og torskegarnfiske. Skuta fikk installert en større motor – en to-sylindret brukt 120 hk Hjeldset-motor. Allerede så tidlig som i 1960 dro brødrene til Bjørsol på Møre for og montere kraftblokk på Veidar, og Veidar var da blant de første snurpere som monterte kraftblokk. Strandkarene kjøpte snurpenot til m/k Veidar i 1933, og Kristian Strand var bas. Senere tok Odin Strand over som bas på Veidar etter Kristian Strand. Odin Strand var også skipper, og da han begynte som skipper, var han en av de yngste fiskeskipperne på kysten.

Da nyskuta stålbåten som ble til «Veidar 1» ble kontrahert hos Vaagland Båtbyggeri i 1965 av Odin Strand og Anton Strand så skulle altså Veidar kondemneres ved Agdenes. Ny stålbåt Veidar 1 avløste da senkte Veidar! Stålbåten Veidar 1 var 90 fot lang og bygd ved Vaagland Båtbyggeri i Halsa Møre. Veidar 1 gjorde at Strandbrødrene ble enda mer mobile og også at de kunne ta i bruk snurpenot. Med Veidar 1 drev de også laksefiske med såkalt «fløyteline» på åpne havet - 150-200 nautiske mil ut for Vesterålen. Det var Feitsildfiske om høsten, og om vinteren var det storsildfiske.

Ellers var m/s Veidar 1 på snurpefiske på Vest-Afrika en lang periode med Odin Strand som bas. Etter slutt på sildekvoten så leide Strandbrødrene ut skipet til et selskap som var eid av Astra-konsernet Sverige og Thor Dahl rederiet, hvor dette selskapet var registrert på Bermuda. Strandbrødrene som eiere av Veidar 1 var imidlertid med som styrmenn maskinister og mannskap på fisket som foregikk utenfor Vestkysten av Afrika. Her deltok det 10-12 ringnotsnurpere som leverte fangstene sine til det store og avanserte fabrikkskipet Astra. Snurperne opererte helt fra kysten utenfor Guinea Bissau i sør, utenfor Senegal-kysten, samt opp til kysten utenfor Mauritania. De holdt på hverdag som helg med dette fisket fra 1969 til 1974. Strandbrødrene som eide båten hadde inntekt for utleie, samtidig som de hadde fast hyre og prosenter av fangstverdien. Der på Afrika fisket Veidar 1 vanlig makrell, hestmakrell og to slags sildetyper ved navn Sardinella som alt gikk til oppmaling. Den ene typen var tilsvarende vår feitsild, den andre typen var lik vår storsild. De leverte fangsten i rom sjø til Astra hovedfartøyet som i utgangspunktet var et tidligere hvalkokeriskip. De måtte vise forsiktighet, og de båtene som deltok i Afrika-fisket gikk til lands på omgang for å hente og sende post og lignende. Det forekom nok sjørøveri i området, men det fikk vi egentlig rede på etter at vi hadde avsluttet virksomheten der nede. I året 1974 ble det store fabrikkskipet Astra rent i senk av et kinesisk skip utenfor Vest-Afrika, og alle unntatt en person ombord ble reddet fra den synkende kjempen. Strandbrødrene avsluttet da Vest-Afrika fisket for å beslutte å starte opp ringnotfiske hjemme i Norge. Veidar 1 skipet hadde pga tiden 1969-1974 dermed vært ute av fiske i Norge i forhold til kvotereglene og de fikk problemer med å komme inn i fiskeriene i Norge. Norge var da strengt kvoteregulert når det gjelder sildestammen. Reglene var slik at når de ikke kunne vise frem kvitteringer på at de hadde levert fangster til Norges Sildesalgslag i Norge de siste tre årene så fikk de heller ikke lov å fiske. Det hele endte med at Strandbrødrene solgte Veidar 1 da i 1974 til Johan Dyb rederiet på Godøy i Sunnmøre som beholdt navnet Veidar 1. Fra Godøy rederiet ble så Veidar 1 videresolgt i 1988 til Arnfinn Berge i Mausund på Frøya som drev den i mange år under navnet «Egil jr» før skipet igjen i 1995 ble videresolgt til August Fjeldskår på Mandal Lindesnes i Vest-Agder som driver den fortsatt under navnet «Nesbuen». Nesbuen brukes nå hovedsakelig til reketråling i Skagerak og i Nordsjøen. Etter all ombygging ville selv Strandbrødrene idag dra kjensel på den snart femti år gamle skuten.

Veidar bygd ny 2018 er en moderne line-og garnbåt hjemmehørende på Godøya utenfor Ålesund. Moderne konvensjonelt havfiskefartøy er M/S Veidar bygd 2018. Skipet er 55, 5 meter (182 fot). Blant Konvensjonelle havfiskefartøy fisker det i dag på bankene utenfor kysten og i Barentshavet, ved Bjørnøya og Spitsbergen. Fisket i Barentshavet foregikk tidligere bare om sommeren, men drives nå året rundt. Bankfiske, fiske som ble drevet på bankene utenfor kysten, særlig fra Stad og nordover, året rundt som linefiske og garnfiske etter torsk, kveite, lange, brosme, skate, steinbit og uer fra såkalte banklinefartøyer. I dag drives dette fisket av 26 konvensjonelle havfiskefartøy (2018), det vil si fiskefartøy med lengde over 28 meter og med lasteromsvolum over 500 m3. Disse fartøyene fisker hovedsaklig med autoline og med garn, men har også adgang til å fiske med snurrevad. De konvensjonele fiskefartøyene reguleres i dag som en egen gruppe innen havfiskeflåten.
Konvensjonelle havfiskefartøy driver fortsatt fiske på banker i fjernere farvann, for eksempel på Færøybanken, Færøy-Shetlandsryggen, Grønland, ved Rockall og i Antarktis. Alt fiske utenfor Norges økonomiske sone, fiskevernsonen ved Svalbard og fiskerisonen ved Jan Mayen foregår i dag i henhold til internasjonale avtaler og Norges fiskeriavtaler med andre land.

Havbruk / Oppdrett i Norge

Norge er i dag først og fremst en havbruksnasjon – og dernest en fiskerinasjon. I 2019 må fiskerinæringen i tradisjonell forstand finne seg i å spille annenfiolin. Fra 2007 har så vel førstehåndsverdien som eksportverdien av havbruket vært større enn av den samlede fangsten av villfisk. Fra 1970-tallet og fram til i dag har havfarming / fiskeoppdrett blitt større og større i Norge.

Odin Strand og broren Anton Strand fra Fevåg i IndreFosen kommune (før Rissa) var de første som kom igang med havfarm / fiskeoppdrett inklusive foredling med røkt laks på Fosenhalvøya i Trøndelag i kommersiell forstand, og de hadde begge bakgrunn fra fiskerinæringen i Trøndelag og Afrika. Av de første stedene som virkelig satsa på oppdrett var Frøya og Hitra. Så her var trønderne tidlig på banen, og de har siden beholdt en sterk posisjon i Frøya Hitra regionen. Her har oppdrettsnæringa etablert mange arbeidsplasser som har gjort sitt til å holde befolkningsgrunnlaget oppe, så også på Fosenhalvøya og langs Namdalskysten betyr fiskeoppdrett mye.

Allerede før Strandbrødrene solgte Veidar 1 og på den måten tok farvel med fiskerinæringa, så hadde Odin Strand og Anton Strand fattet interesse for Fiskeoppdrett-virksomhet. De hentet nyttig kunnskap hos brødrene Sivert og Ove Grøntvedt på Hitra, og likedan fra Ola B. Refsnes på Selnes i Fosen som i mange år hadde stått for driften i Fosen Laksestyre og som i mange år drev med klekking av rogn og utsett av smolt i mange elver på Fosen. Stamfisken ble fisket ved Tarva og Stavøya. Etter at Strandbrødrene hadde skaffet til veie 12.000 settefisk av ørret fra Magne Gjerstad på Helset i Møre og Romsdal, så kom de igang med fiskeoppdrett i året 1973 i selskapet sitt Brødrene Strand A/S. De bygde et stort fryseri og frøs inn lodde til for og som ble hentet ved fiskemottaket i Lysøysundet på Fosen. De brukte også rekeskall i det oppmalte foret for å få rødfarge på fiskekjøttet. Brødrene Strand A/S slaktet så den første generasjonen i 1975, men i 1975 hadde de gode prisene fra noen år tidligere falt dramatisk og de var også ille plaget av vibriose-sykdom med påfølgende tap. Under navnet av Brødrene Strand A/S fortsatte de imidlertid med oppdrettsvirksomheten. Da Konsesjonsloven kom fikk selskapet tildelt et volum på 8.000 m3, noe som noen år senere ble utvidet til 12.000 m3. I tillegg til matfiskanlegget pluss foredlingsprosess på røkte lakseprodukter så kom selskapet igang med et settefiskanlegg i 1980. Settefiskanlegget fikk konsesjon til å produsere 300.000 stk settefisk. Dette anlegget ble bygd i Saga i Sørfjorden på tomten som før Saga Fabrikker A/S (og Råkvåg Atlantik Canning Co A/S) lå på i da Rissa kommune (tidl Stjørna kommune). Brødrene Strand A/S ga et år også konsulentbistand til de Kanadiske Fiskeriene ved å lære en fiskemottaksbedrift i tettstedet Nain i Labrador nord på Østkysten produktforbedring i produksjonsprosessen på moderne røking av laks til salg i Canada. Settefiskanlegget i Saga brant for øvrig ned i 1987, men det ble bygd opp igjen. I 1995 valgte selskapet Brødrene Strand A/S imidlertid å avslutte oppdrettsvirksomheten og solgte både matfiskanlegget og settefiskanlegget til Hitra Holding. Anleggene og rettighetene er per 2019 en del av selskapet Lerøy Midnor.

Effektiviteten i oppdrett av laks og regnbueørret har blitt stadig bedre, men det kan være grunn til å understreke at det skjedde litt av et effektivitetsgjennombrudd i årene etter 1992. Det tok mindre enn et halvsekel å utvikle havbruket i Norge fra et famlende eksperimentstadium til en solid kunnskapsbasert, teknologisk raffinert og høyeffektiv næringsvirksomhet som gjorde Norge til verdens ledende produsent og eksportør av atlantisk laks fra oppdrett. Prisene har svinget dramatisk år om annet, og dessuten har produksjonskostnadene til havbruksbedriftene variert ganske sterkt. I en lang periode fra 1989 til 2008 sto kampen for markedsadgang helt sentralt, først til USA og dernest til EU. Viktig var det å kunne tilpasse produksjonen til etterspørselen, slik at en unngikk prisfall som kunne lede til nye straffetiltak. Det lyktes ikke alltid, og det satte sitt preg på næringen, som det ene året hadde solid inntjening for så å gå med tap det neste. Etter feite fulgte magre år. I august år 2010 tyder alt på at inneværende år vil bli et av de mest gullkantete i havbruksnæringens korte historie.

I 2006 ble det produsert oppdrettsfisk verdt over 17 milliarder kroner. Av dette produserte Sør-Trøndelag fisk til en verdi av litt over 2 milliarder, mens Nord-Trøndelag produserte for nærmere 1,5 milliarder kroner. Ialt utgjorde da Trøndelag nær 4 mrd av samlet 17 mrd kroner. I Trøndelag er det spesielt Hitra og Frøya som utpreger seg om en tydelig nasjonal akvakulturklynge, i tillegg har Trøndelag en litt mindre, men fremdeles betydelig akvakulturklynge på Vikna og Nærøy. I tillegg til de trønderske akvakulturklyngene er det rundt Bergen og Ålesund at man finner områdene med mest akvakultur virksomhet. Av de tre fiskerinæringene ligger havbruk klart høyest med en verdiskaping per sysselsatt i 2009 på 1,4 millioner kroner. Til sammenligning var verdiskapingen gjennomsnittlig per sysselsatt i fastlands-Norge kun 750 000. Kapitalintensive næringer som havbruk vil naturlig nok ha en høyere verdiskaping per sysselsatt enn arbeidsintensive næringer. En ytterligere vekst og verdiskaping innen havbruksnæringen vil være avhengig av en kraftig satsing på innovasjon fra næringens side med Leverandørene i samspill med forskningsinstitusjonene.

I 2019 påpeker Kvarv i årsberetningen at det fortsatt er positive utsikter for laksenæringen, men antyder at handelskrigen kaster noe skygge over utsiktene. En forholdsvis lang konjunkturoppgang, samt større risiko for proteksjonistiske tiltak i verdenshandelen, gir økt pris- og markedsrisiko for laksenæringen, skriver selskapet. Også den svake kronekursen har vært gunstig for selskapet, men lakseprisene kan også dempes betydelig hvis kronen igjen skulle styrke seg. Denne uken har kronen igjen nådd finanskrisenivåer på over 10 kroner mot euro, et uvanlig svakt nivå. Vi har nå opplevd flere år med svært høye laksepriser, dels som konsekvens av valutakursutviklingen, skriver Kvarv. Eierskapet til eieren Gustav Magnar Witzøe i Salmar og en rekke andre selskaper forvaltes av selskapet Kverva AS, som igjen er eid av investeringsselskapet Kvarv. E24 har her vært i kontakt med Gustav Witzøe, far til Gustav Magnar, gründeren av Salmar og kontaktperson i Kvarv. Kvarv-Konsernet sysselsetter over 3.500 årsverk, særlig knyttet til sjømatindustrien. Omsetningen i Kvarv-konsernet steg i 2018 til drøye 18 milliarder, fra 15,5 milliarder kroner året før. Årsresultatet falt derimot til 2,56 milliarder kroner fra 3,05 milliarder kroner i 2017. 

Sammen med laksen fraktes også fisk og skalldyr fra trønderske fiskere til de samme markedene. Trøndelag har store og produktive sjøarealer som kan benyttes til biologisk produksjon langt ut over det vi ser i dag. Det være seg økning av eksisterende lakseproduksjon og/eller industri basert på oppdrett av nye organismer. Potensialet for vekst i den blå åkeren i Trøndelag er fortsatt stort. Trøndelag har lange tradisjoner for fiske og fangst på en rekke marine arter, men regionen er etter hvert bedre kjent som et tyngdepunkt for moderne industriell lakseproduksjon. Mulighetene for verdiskaping og vekst som ligger i produksjon og salg av førsteklasses sjømat har bidratt til en betydelig verdiskaping og sysselsetting langs kysten. Økt verdiskaping og ytterligere vekst vil derfor blant annet avhenge av at næringen kan fornye seg selv gjennom satsing på forskning og innovasjon.

I den store restruktureringen av havbruksnæringen så var det mange på handletur i årene etter krisen tidlig på 1990-tallet. En rekke selskaper vokste raskt gjennom oppkjøp, men da ny krise meldte seg like etter tusenårsskiftet som følge av markedssvikt og prisfall, ble flere av dem fusjonert inn i andre selskaper. I de gode årene fram til 2001 ble det betalt skyhøye priser for konsesjoner, og det ble en tung byrde da nedgangen kom. Svært mye av oppkjøpene var kredittfinansiert, og noen av de virkelig vekstkåte selskapene hadde en meget svak egenkapitalbase og var prisgitt sine bankforbindelser. Det viste seg raskt at stordriftsfordelene langt fra var så store som forventet. Rentabilitetsundersøkelsene demonstrerte at det var de mindre selskapene som oppnådde de beste resultatene – selskaper som hadde sine konsesjoner geografisk samlet. Tidspunktet var gunstig for en restrukturering av havbruksnæringen i Norge. For det første førte krisen til en at en rekke konsesjonsinnehavere ikke lenger var i stand til å drive videre. Det var med andre ord både leilighet til og gunstige priser for oppkjøp og fusjoner. Handelen gikk livlig. Selskap med lokal forankring søkte både å bygge seg opp i egen region og ekspandere til naboregionene. Dertil kom også de såkalte lokomotivene på banen. De ti største produsentene av laks og ørret i Norge sto for 64 prosent av samlet produksjon i 2007, og Marine Harvest, Lerøy Seafood Group og SalMar, som var de tre aller største, hadde samme år hele 53 prosent av samlet produksjon. I 1997 sørget 70 aktører for 80 prosent av lakseproduksjonen i Norge – i 2006 klarte 31 samme prosentandel.

Salmar sin hovedbase er i Midt-Norge med 43 oppdrettskonsesjoner – hvorav tre for produksjon av økologisk laks fra tildelingen i 2009. Videre samarbeider Salmar selskapet med Sintef og NTNU om tre konsesjoner til kommersiell produksjon av laks og til forskningsprosjekter i full skala. SalMar ble grunnlagt februar 1991. Selskapet ble da tuftet på et oppkjøpt konkursbo bestående av én konsesjon for oppdrett av laks og et slaktings- og bearbeidingsanlegg myntet på hvitfisk. Dette skjedde i en av de mest urolige periodene i norsk oppdrettsnæring, som senere førte til konkursen i Fiskeoppdretternes Salgslag AL i november samme år. Det var nettopp denne konkursen, og det såkalte lakseberget, som var med å legge grunnlaget for prosessering og videreforedling som et bærende element i historien om SalMar. Inntil da hadde det aller meste av den norske laksen blitt eksportert som fersk eller frossen rund sløyd fisk. Dette ble også starten på en betydelig strukturendring i norsk oppdrettsnæring i retning av en industriell utvikling.

Note that a 2004 report by the University of Alaska Institute of Social and Economic Research by economist Gunnar Knapp presented in its 170-page report full of charts that farmed salmon production costs and global salmon prices both have been trending steadily downward for two decades.

Adapt or Die !!! , 2019 Facts & 2017 Conclusions : Alaska commercial fishing industry

Technology revolution, Adapt or Die ??? !!!

to Yes to Land-based farms ?
to Yes to Exposed Salmon Farms (Off-shore) ?
to Yes to Ocean Farms (to Off-shore from In-shore)
from No to Net-penned farms.

“Aquaculture will be more able to take advantage of technology than wild fisheries,” he warned in a Power Point presentation aptly titled “The Future of the Seafood Industry.”
“We can’t predict – or maybe even imagine – the changes technological innovation may bring,” Knapp warned. “Self-driving smart fishing gear? Integrated algae-based open ocean aquaculture? Fully-automated seafood processing & distribution?” In particular, Norwegian Salmon farmers are already approaching the latter objective, which brings with it significant cost savings. Farmers are likely to dictate markets going forward with two-thirds of global seafood consumption expected to be farmed fish by 2030.

Alaska needs to find ways to encourage innovation in the commercial fishing industry to head off declines in a struggling, one-time mainstay of the state economy, the former director of the University of Alaska Anchorage’s Institute on Social and Economic Research (ISER) is warning.

Presenting at the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade in Seattle this week, economist Gunnar Knapp, an expert on Alaska fisheries, warned that aquaculture is continuing its takeover of global markets and appears destined to push its technological advantage into the future.

The state of Alaska might have banned salmon farming in 1990, but a craigmedred.news investigation has found the state of Alaska now big into the salmon-farming business.

Though Alaska banned fish farming in the form of net-penned salmon, it encouraged and supported fish farming in the form of ocean ranching. Alaska fish farms would likely have created new, independent businesses. The ocean ranching operations started by the state are now run by collectives of commercial fishermen the state helped organize as regional aquaculture associations. 
“From a political science perspective, the Alaska controversy over salmon
farming is fascinating,” Brent Paine, wrote in a 1991 Oregon State University, graduate-level analysis of the state’s ban on fish farms . “We all remember how, in the early 1970s, Detroit automakers ignored the underlying trends in the marketplace in favor of short-term profits. Finally they lost so much of their domestic market share to higher quality Japanese imports they were forced to seek protection from the federal government through import quotas. Alaska currently is the General Motors of salmon producers. By not taking advantage of the salmon farming opportunity, and build a foundation for a future aquaculture industry with other marine species, the commercial fishing industry is in danger of becoming a victim of its own political power.”

Land-based salmon aquaculture is considered the gold standard of environmentally friendly salmon farming, but the operators of net pens have in many cases cleaned up their act. Two net-pen operations are now rated “Best Choice” on the Seafood Watch list from Monterey  Bay. No Alaska salmon rise to that category.

Paine’s word turned out to be prescient. While Alaska commercial fishermen in many areas of the state are struggling to survive this year, salmon farmers now so dominate the global salmon market that wise investors like the Permanent Fund are banking on them for the future.

Knapp’s prognosis for ever-changing salmon markets is unlikely to sit well with 49th state commercial fishermen mired in the 20th Century, and his latest presentation is unlikely to win him any new fans in-state with his suggestion that Alaska needs to find better ways to harvest wild fish.

The Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation

The Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation is invested in no less than seven of what the publication Salmon Business in 2017 identified as the world’s 20 largest salmon farming corporations. 
Among these companies is Norway’s Marine Harvest, by far the globe’s biggest producer of farmed salmon. It annually turns out nearly twice as much salmon as all of Alaska’s salmon fisheries combined.
The Permanent Fund holds more than 79,000 shares of Marine Harvest valued at about $1.6 million. The investment has increased its value by $657,000 since the Fund purchased it, according to its online portfolio. Combined with Marine Harvest, the companies in which the Permanent Fund is invested produce about 850,000 metric tons of salmon per year. Alaska wild salmon fisheries at their best produce about 250,000 metric tons, and most of this tends to be low-value pink salmon.  The fish farms are focused on high-value, fresh, Atlantic, coho (silver) and king salmon.

The Alaska brand «Alaska Wild» Salmon

Alaska banned fish farming about three decades ago, but it jumped heavily into ocean-ranching. It’s free-range hatchery salmon,  marketed as “Alaska wild,” have become a key part of the Alaska commercial fishing industry.

About its competitors, on the opposite end of the continent, it is farming Chinook salmon – kings to almost everyone in Alaska – which have “been recognised by world-renowned Monterey Bay Aquarium – who has named New Zealand King Salmon the world’s most environmentally sustainable farmed salmon,” the company website proclaims

One of recent conclusions by Alaska’s Fisheries :

“Responsible production” and “responsible growth” in salmon farming might be good for the environment and good for consumers, but they are not good for the Alaska commercial fishing industry which is likely to see continued price stagnation, even as inflation slowly grinds on. Couple this with ever-increasing competition in high-end markets as farmed-fish quality continues to improve, toss in the natural limits capping wild salmon production, and it would appear to be inevitable that Alaska commercial fishing businesses appear fall victim to the much the same market conditions that seriously decreased the value of Alaska oil business. Production goes up; prices go down; profits fade.

It’s not a pretty picture. The Alaska salmon industruy clearly needs to change to succeed in the market of tomorrow, but the industry is controlled by vested interests that don’t want to change.
They could well render Alaska the biggest loser.

A new day? Technology revolution

Technology is an economic reality that cannot be ignored. It has a life of its own.
Net-pen salmon farmers who were bit players when Alaska banned net pens in 1989 in favor of open-ocean farming of salmon now own more than 70 percent of the salmon market with seemingly ever more and environmentally cleaner operation being unveiled almost every month. 

When Lew and Seung now suggest the NPFMC Council undertake an economic review of the allocation of halibut to the traditional, commercial sector of the fishery and the charter sector, they are simply recognizing evolution. Change is never easy and therein rests a problem facing not only Alaska’s halibut fishery going forward, but some other Alaska fisheries as well. In an ever-more populated world, the value of the opportunity for some city dude to catch a wild halibut or salmon is only going to keep going up while the value of the commodity itself – be it a halibut filet or a salmon steak – is destined to stabilize and likely creep downward in real dollars as technology alters markets.

2018 : The Modern Fish Act plus the 2018-2022 strategic plan 

President Donald Trump signed into law the Modern Fish Act. «If you fish in federally-managed saltwater, odds are you’ve been frustrated by shortened seasons, reduced bag limits, and unwarranted restrictions,” Keep America Fishing trumpeted. «Signed into law on the last day of 2018, the Modern Fish Act will address these issues by creating a comprehensive package of regulations specifically aimed at adapting a federal system focused solely on commercial fishing to now meet the needs of the nation’s 11 million saltwater anglers.

“Keep America Fishing will work to ensure that NOAA Fisheries follows through with the Act’s requirements.” Many commercial fishermen have expressed fears the Modern Fish Act could cut into their harvests by granting recreational fishermen more of a say in the allocation of marine resources. Some sport interests have also made it clear they intend to use the act to change the way marine fisheries have been prosecuted for decades.

Commerce Department’s 2018-2022 strategic plan !

Counter-measures that Alaska takes :

The state of Alaska is now helping Alaska fish processors based in Washington state fund a multi-million dollar public relations and advertising campaign to sell Americans on the idea Alaska wild salmon is better than farmed salmon. The idea is to attract a premium price for Alaska wild salmon in a market where Alaska salmon have become a minority player. About 70 percent of the salmon not in a can now comes from salmon farms. The salmon farmers, some of whom are connected to the same processors the state is helping fund, are also trying to push their product. When the dominant market force is selling a product that the national media says tastes better and costs less, and a bit player is pushing a product that is supposedly better because it is wild, who is likely to win the marketing battle?

Market realities and today’s reasoning :

The whole system of fisheries puts Alaska at a disadvantage, and neither this nor world marketing trends are going to change. Global salmon markets are now working against Alaska, and they appear destined to continue working against Alaska.

The cowboys of the sea are being replaced by the farmers of the bays much as happened on land. Technology is transforming the fishing business the way it transformed the cattle business. With the development of the refrigerated rail car just before the start of the 20th Century, the years of free-ranged cattle and long-distance cattle drives were numbered. Increasingly cattle were fenced in and ranched. Feed lots followed, and soon the cowboys were history.

Unfortunately for the cowboys of the sea, farmers have a rich history of finding technological solutions to their problems.
The American Dustbowl was stopped with technology. So to an impending global food crisis in the 1960s. The Norwegians, the leaders in salmon harvests, are already working on a wide variety of ways to not only protect their farms from lice but to grow healthier farmed salmon. «Norway understands that safeguarding the environment and fish stocks for the future is the only way it’s aquaculture industry can remain sustainable,” says Norge, the voice of the Norwegian Seafood Council,  in an intro to an explanation of fish-farming practices in that country. “They also understand the importance of transparency.” Norwegian quality claims have led to a jump in prices for the country’s salmon.

Bristol Bay – Alaska’s highest profile salmon fishery – had a banner year, and yet everywhere in the global market Alaska salmon fisheries look to be in more and more trouble over the long-term. A $2 to $3 dollar per pound commodity in the 1980s ($4 to $6 when corrected for inflation)Bristol Bay sockeye is today a $1 per pound commodity, and there is no sign the pricing is going to get much better. It could actually get worse. There are now more losers than winners in the Alaska fishing industry, and that is only likely to get worse going forward.

The Cook Inlet fishery at Anchorage’s doorstep is but one example. The Cook Inlet commercial salmon harvest was valued at $22.3 million last year, according to Fish and Game.  About 1,000 of the people holding limited-entry permits to fish the Inlet participated in the fishery. They averaged $22,300 per fishermen for the season before they paid any crew. The 2016 poverty line for an Alaska family of four was $24,300.

Thankfully, a lot of Cook Inlet commercial fishermen are hobbyists. They are school teachers and businessmen and doctors and lawyers with jobs that support them; they commercial fish for fun and extra income. Only a handful of people make a living off commercial fishing in the Inlet, and many of them fish multiple permits. Over the decades, as Inlet fishing permits have been bought and sold, there has been a trend away from fishermen dependent on the resource to the hobbyists. The professionals still in the fishery are sometimes at odds with the hobbyists, but all are well united on one important issue: continuing to harvest the maximum number of fish going forward to make up for the comparatively low prices paid for Alaska salmon.

Alaska introduced a commercial dipnet fishery on the Yukon River in 2013 to provide for the harvest of abundant chum salmon while allowing for the release of king salmon struggling to meet spawning goals. Most high-value Alaska salmon are harvested with gillnets. Mortality has generally proven high when efforts have been made to try to free unwanted salmon species from the nets. The nets can to some degree sort salmon by size, but not by species.
More Alaska salmon are caught in purse seines than gillnets, but they are nearly all pink salmon, most of which go into cans. Sales of canned salmon are forecast to grow in coming years, but canned salmon are expected to remain a comparatively low-value commodity

Price point :

“I can often find farm-raised Atlantic salmon for about $6.99 a pound, while the wild-caught salmon may be nearly twice as expensive,” writes Julie Corliss, executive editor of the Harvard Health Letter. “Salmon and other fatty fish are the main dietary source for omega-3 fatty acids, which are known to lower the risk of heart disease.

The Washington Post subsequently taste-tested farmed versus wild.
“Read a story about salmon, and the odds are good that, somewhere, it’ll tell you that wild salmon tastes better than farmed,” the Post’s Tamar Haspel wrote. “But does it? We decided to find out in a blind tasting, and assembled a panel that included noted Washington seafood chefs and a seafood wholesaler. «The judgments were definitive, and surprising. Farmed salmon beat wild salmon, hands down.” Farmed salmon didn’t just win; it won “hands down.”

Organic chicken – aka “free range” – is pitched as having many of the same attributes as wild Alaska salmon – tastes better, healthier, better for the environment. Organic chicken attracts a premium price. And it represents about 1 percent of the $30 billion per year chicken market.  Organic chicken is a classic niche product. There is every reason to believe Alaska salmon is on a journey to the same destination.

Fish Farming - The farms keep growing :

The words “we need to continue to grow volume wise” coming out of the mouth of the leader of the globe’s biggest fish farming business ought to send a shiver up the spine of anyone involved in the commercial harvest and sale of Alaska salmon.

Chilean farmed salmon production is again on the rise and production costs in South America are falling.
“AquaChile lowered costs by 13 percent in the first quarter of 2017, in line with other competitors,” Reuters reported from Santiago in mid-July. “Lower costs” and an industry that “looks goods” are about the worse news possible for the Alaska fishing business given that University of Alaska Institute of Social and Economic Research economist Gunnar Knapp in a 2004 report observed that the “costs of farming, processing and distributing Chilean coho salmon to the Japanese wholesale market are about $1.63, and that future costs are likely to stay at about this level.” The 170-page report is full of charts that show farmed salmon production costs and global salmon prices trending steadily downward for two decades.

The news out of Chile would indicate the trend is continuing. Chile is number two in global salmon production with an output of close to 400,000 metric tons. Norway is number one at about 1.2 million metric tons. Alaska, in a good year, can challenge Chile for production, but generally ranks number three overall. And it lags way behind Chile in production of the premium product – fresh and frozen filets. One Norwegian company – Marine Harvest – now produces more than twice as much high-value salmon per year. Japan’s Mitsubishi – with salmon farms in Norway, Chile and Canada –  produces almost as much. Scotland believes it could be in the range of 300,000 to 400,000 tons per yer by 2030, according to an industry outline,  Aquaculture Growth to 2030 – A Strategic Plan for farming Scotland’s seas.

The Scots, the Norwegians, the Chileans, the Canadians and a growing number of Americans,  farm Atlantic and coho salmon, the filets of which compete directly with Alaska sockeye, chum, coho and Chinook in the market place. The latter four species comprise the most valuable half of the Alaska harvest. The rest is regularly made up of lower quality pink salmon, which are largely canned like tuna.

Alaska sockeye are trading today for between $1.00 and $1.50 per pound. Norwegian salmon are bringing $3.15 to $3.17 per pound at the farm. Part of the reason the price isn’t higher in Alaska is that the price to fishermen get doesn’t reflect the high costs of processing and transportation. Norwegian salmon farms are near processing facilities that operate year round and are sized to match farm production. Alaska fish are delivered to processing plants that must be large to handle the summer’s large volume of fish, but spend most of the year in mothballs, the plants not the fish.

Size-at-Age for Alaska Salmon

Chinook are the big king salmon which made the Kenai River famous. Thirty-three years ago as of Thursday, the late Les Anderson pulled the 97-pound, 4-ounce world record from the Kenai. In the years that immediately followed, many speculated the Kenai would one day produce a 100-pound king.
That speculation ended long ago. The big kings started disappearing from the Kenai in the late 1990s. Since 2003, the biggest fish on record is an 80 pounder. Over the last nine years, only one state-certified Kenai trophy king has been caught. It weighed 71.1 pounds.

Seining :

Alaska pink salmon prices averaged 25 cents per pound last year, according to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. At that price, a fisherman has to catch a lot of pinks to make fishing pay.
Seiners can do that in Prince William Sound and Southeast Alaska, but even there it has proven difficult. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in 2011 organized a $13 million plan to buy back about 15 percent of Southeast seine permits.  The buyback reduced to about 315 the number of seine permits in the region. That now appears to be about the number of commercial seiners the Panhandle can support. Some seine permit owners, about half of whom live in the Lower 48, can make a living fishing. Those who work crew jobs on the seiners cannot. The result is that seining pink salmon is good for only about 160 full-time job equivalents in the region.

Gillnet and power-Troll fisheries :

The numbers of job for Alaskans look better in gillnet and power-troll fisheries, where about 80 percent of the fishermen are Alaskans,  and the market situation there is better as well. Southeast trollers were doing well on Chinook at an average price of $4.88 per pound last year, and gillnetters – in those areas where they could catch large numbers of fish – were doing OK at an average of $1.05 for sockeye and $1.18 for coho, according to Fish and Game data.
With both troll-caught Chinook and coho salmon bringing good prices, primarily in fresh-fish markets, and the troll season running for about 11 months, the 800 or so Alaskans who hold troll permits can also make a living fishing. The situation is much different in other fisheries.

Anglers / Fly-Fishing :

In Alaska, some of the people fish all of the time, and most of the people fish at some time, and the few people who don’t fit either category are on a first-name basis with someone who does fish. Fish wars still rage from time to time, but they are now mainly verbal. Salmon fuel passions, and where there passions, there are beliefs. Often those beliefs revolve around human desires more than factual realities. Commercial fishermen in particular love to lament how all those people having fun are “destroying the resource.” But here’s the reality:
It doesn’t matter how many people fish; what matters is how many fish people kill. On a good day in Cook Inlet, a drift gillnetter can kill as many sockeye salmon – possibly more – than all the tourists lined up at the mouth of Russian River tossing heavily weighted flies into the waters of a fly-fishing-only meat fishery that can leave newly arrived fly-fishing purists in shock.

The 19,000 anglers who fished the Russian in 2016 caught 25,000 sockeye salmon for the season, according to Alaska Department of Fish and Game numbers. In one day – July 27 – of last year, 764 commercial fishermen operating largely out of sight in Cook Inlet took nearly nine times as many fish.
Commercial fishermen fish efficiently with nets. Anglers? Not so much. The fly-fishing-only fishery at the Russian isn’t about fly-fishing; it’s about limiting efficiency. It’s about restricting fish gear to make it harder to catch fish so mobs of people can fish without harming the resource. Because, at the end of the run, what matters is how many fish people killed – not how many people fished.

Power politics

Inefficiency to generate in-state revenue from fisheries was an Alaska goal at Statehood, and laws to mandate inefficiency in the state’s commercial fisheries remain in place today.
Bristol Bay drift gillnetters were limited to boats with a length of 32-feet to limit their efficiency prior to Statehood, and the limit has remained in place since.  More than that, one of the very first acts of the new state after its creation was to eliminate fish traps, the far and away most efficient form of salmon harvest. Outside control of most of those traps fueled the drive for Statehood, and sparked the decision by the authors of the state Constitution to declare that all “fish, wildlife, and waters” in the new state would be managed for “common use.” The Constitutional requirement was that the state resources be managed for the “maximum benefit of its people.” The clear intent at the time of Statehood and through the Constitutional amendment in 1972 was to keep as much of the value of the fisheries in-state as possible. But that isn’t what happened. The idea of managing “common use” resources for the maximum benefit of the state as whole – a goal that can be measured in capitalist economies – quickly faded away.

The Alaska Board of Fisheries largely regulates the state’s valuable salmon fisheries with little thought as to where and how salmon harvests produce the biggest, economic return to the state. NOAA economists have also in the past, largely focused their efforts on climate change and its possible implications for industrial-scale harvests such as the $1.3 billion pollock fishery.

The North Pacific Fisheries Management Council NPFMC,
is today a commercial-fishing dominated entity that sets fishing regulations for the U.S. government’s  “exclusive economic zone (EEZ)” from three- to 200-miles off Alaska’s coast. When the Council acted at the start of the decade, the commercial-fishing dominated entity had almost unlimited power to manage fisheries however it saw fit. Legal efforts by the charter businesses to block the changes slowed them, but they still moved forward.

In simple terms, the NPFMC Council took $54 million to almost $80 million per year out of the Alaska economy to satisfy the desires of the commercial fishing lobby. It happened this way here. NPFMC at the start of the decade limited the number of charter boats allowed to fish halibut anywhere in Alaska in an effort to reduce competition with commercial fishermen in the EEZ. That and other restrictions forced almost 10 percent of the charters out of the business between 2011 and 2012, and reduced the economic output of the fishery by more than 43 percent – or slightly more than $107 million. The value of the fishery did rebound in the years that followed, increasing in value up to $165.7 million in 2014. But the industry’s economic output was then essentially capped by what the Council called a “catch sharing plan.” Council regulations devastated a small but highly valuable industry taking a minimal bite out of the allowable harvest of North Pacific halibut. As a simple economic matter, the 1.9 million halibut taken away from the charter businesses and given to commercial fishermen were worth about $12 million to the latter at the dock in 2012.

The Magnuson-Stevens Act
was enacted to push foreign fishing fleets far from U.S. shores and help restore overfished offshore resources. It largely worked on both accounts, at least in Alaska. The offshore fisheries changed “from being almost exclusively foreign prior
to 1976, to being almost entirely joint venture by the mid-1980s, and to fully domestic by 1990,” notes University of Alaska Fairbanks economist Keith Criddle.
Recreational fisheries – small players in a big game in the ’70s – were largely overlooked in the law. Big, powerful commercial fishing interests ran roughshod over small, disorganized recreational fishing businesses in Alaska as they had all around the country since the passage of the MSFC Act in 1976.

The Council in Alaska didn’t restrict recreational fishing nearly as much as it tried to restrict interstate trade. As part of that divide-and-conquer strategy, the Council admitted it was avoiding restrictions on Alaska’s Joe Everyfisherman in favor of restrictions on the taxis that take non-resident anglers to the fish. The regulatory structure for halibut appears to have been clearly structured to benefit resident anglers over non-resident anglers. The plan has worked up to this point. How it dovetails with the Modern Fishing Act remains to be seen. States can in state waters discriminate between residents and non-residents. The state of Alaska now has a law restricting dipnetting – a more efficient means of catching salmon than rod and reel – to residents only.

Credits & Source :

Adapt or die , BY CRAIGMEDRED ON JULY 22, 2018
https://craigmedred.news/2018/07/22/adapt-or-die/

Alaska’s losing battle, BY CRAIGMEDRED ON AUGUST 14, 2017
https://craigmedred.news/2017/08/14/
alaskas-losing-battle/

Sea change? BY CRAIGMEDRED ON JUNE 8, 2019
https://craigmedred.news/2019/06/08/sea-change/

Fiskeeksporten fra Trøndelag har blitt nesten tredoblet siden 2009. Eksporten av fisk har vokst betydelig raskere enn annen vareeksport. I 2017 så sto fisk for hele 64 % av den totale vareeksporten fra Trøndelag.

Trøndelag : Landnotfiske og Snurpenotfiske etter sild

Fiskeeksporten fra Trøndelag

Fiskeeksporten fra Trøndelag har blitt nesten tredoblet siden 2009. Eksporten av fisk har vokst betydelig raskere enn annen vareeksport. I 2017 så sto fisk for hele 64 % av den totale vareeksporten fra Trøndelag.

Landnotfiske og Snurpenotfiske etter sild

For å få fisket til på en fornuftig måte måtte det flere båter til, og ei landnot kostet mye mer enn et sildegarn. Derfor ble det etablert notlag og partrederi. Å lage ei not er ikke gjort i en håndvending. Den måtte være djup nok til å nå til botns, og så lang at den kunne omslutte en sildstim. Mye kork, tauverk og tråd gikk med for å lage ei not, og det var bare de som hadde god økonomi som hadde råd til en så stor investering. I praksis var det velstående bønder, kjøpmenn og embetsfolk. Noen slo seg sammen i større notlag, der hver andelshaver eide en såkalt notbolk. To notlag kunne også samarbeide i et såkalt ”samlag”. Å fiske med not var arbeidskrevende. Rundt 20 mann måtte til for å hale nota i land. Disse ble gjerne kalt nothunder.I 1920 var det ifølge registeret over merkepliktige fiskefartøy i Stjørna merkedistrikt etablert 12 notlag med 15 notbåter og 57 lettbåter. Det var enda i starten med motor i notbåtene. Av notbåtene var 6 med motor, 6 med årer og 3 med seil. Notbåtene varierte i størrelse fra 30 til 57 fot. Størst var seilbåtene. Lettbåtene var vanligvis færinger.

Sildegarnfisket

Å binde et sildgarn var langt enklere og billigere enn å lage ei not. Dermed ble sildgarn oftest brukt av dem som ikke var så godt bemidlet. Sildstrøypere var utnavnet som nothundene la på sildgarnfiskerne. Ennå i dag blir uttrykket brukt som skjellsord.

Storsildfisket

På 50-tallet ble vintersildfisket (storsildfisket) med snurpenot det sentrale. Bygda Råkvåg har utrustet fem-seks snurpere, og 10-12 landnotbruk og et ti-tall garnbåter. Og vilke båtar som hadde hamn i Vågen! Eg kan nemne dei over 100 fot: Gribben, Hustad 1 og 2, Kerroch. Patria og Rolfen, Trygg, Notmann, Odd, Nordfjord, Sørfjord, for å nemne nokre av dei under 100 fot.

Utviklingen av sildefiskeriet i Trøndelag

Sildefiske med landnot var blitt viktig i Stjørna for mer enn 100 år siden, men fiske med landnot hadde vært drevet tidligere. Stjørnfjorden var regnet som en av landets beste sildefjorder. Før år 1500 søkte silda inn mot Skåne-kysten i enorme mengder. Seinere trakk den nordover til Båhuslen, som den gang var norsk. Marstrand spilte en viktig rolle i sildfiskeriet. Etter 1560 var det Vestlandet som fikk nyte godt av gytevandringen til silda. Rundt 1590 kom den inn til Møre, og fra rundt 1600 fikk fiskerne i Fosen stadig større fangster.  På slutten av 1500-tallet kom silda inn Stjørnfjorden. Hvor store var disse fangstene? I gode år kunne det bli fisket 15-20 000 tønner i Bjugn og Stjørna, beregnet ut fra sildetienden. Det toppet seg på 1630-tallet, da tusentalls fiskere kom til Bjugn. Det var stor aktivitet i området, men «Storkaran» på Austrått og i byene sikret seg rettighetene, så da silda forsvant, forsvant også pengan fra Bjugn. Etter 1650 ble silda mer og mer upålitelig, og dette fikk også følge for bosettingen langs Bjugnfjorden.  Sild-eventyret var over for Bjugn for denne gang.

Men i ”dausildårene” 1902-03 og 1910 tok det helt av, og store mengder ukurant sild ble lempet på sjøen der den lå og råtnet. Det var da ideen om sildoljefabrikk ble unnfanget. Både Bjugnfjorden og Stjørnfjorden er kjent for rikt sildefiske. På 1900-tallet var det igjen mye sild i fjordene, som la grunnlag for etablering av Bjugn Sildoljefabrikk i 1910. To sildoljefabrikker ble bygd ved Bjugnfjorden; den ene i Vaskarvika, den andre i Tinbua.

Etter 1900-tallet hadde sildenotbrukene gode tider, og store fangster ble levert til gode priser, især under 1. verdenskrig. Tilreisende sunnmøringer leide folk og brygger til sildesalting. Også under 2. verdenskrig ble det fisket mye med not, og det meldes om at lottekarene fikk 3000 kroner. I 1942 og 1943 husker jeg spesielt det var mye sildefiske De fleste som fisket brukte da petromaks lamper som lyste for å få silda til å gå på garna, og da var det nesten som en by utpå fjorden her i mørket, utbryter Gudmund. Ja, det var voldsomt. Inne på havna i Høybakken lå det så mange båter at som regel var havna full av båter.

Fisket etter sild er basert på norsk vårgytende sild (storsild, vårsild, fetsild og småsild), men etter at effektive snurpefartøyer ”rensket” havet for sild rundt 1960 så fikk vi en lang periode uten sild i fjorden. I løpet av 1960-årene ble fisket sterkt redusert som følge av svikt i bestanden, og det opphørte ved inngangen til 1970-årene. Den norske deltagelsen i nordsjøfisket etter sild tok seg sterkt opp etter hvert som sildefisket på kysten gikk tilbake i 1960-årene. Også nordsjøsilda, som beskattes av flere land, ble etter hvert sterkt overbeskattet. De sviktende ressursene var et resultat av overfisking på 1960- og 70-tallet etter at fiskerinæringa hadde investert i nye båter og redskaper. Fiskeflåten var i ferd med å bli spesialisert mot bestemte fangsttypar. Nokre drog på farvatn lenger unna, mellom anna på loddefiske nordpå, men fleire båtar vart selde. En vesentleg del av fiskeflåten i Trøndelag var innretta på heimefiske med avgrensa aksjonsradius. Svært få dreiv bankfiske, og ingen dreiv fangst på fjerne farvatn. Ein stor del av flåten var rekna som forelda og umoderne utrusta.

Det var på 1960- og 70-tallet at trålerne kom. Stortrålere og snurpenøter sammen med den nye teknologien gjorde sitt til at flere fisketyper forsvant langs deler av norskekysten. Fisket måtte reguleres, og Norge innførte forbud mot fisket i 1977, og det norske sildefisket ble tillatt igjen i 1983. I dag er silda tilbake igjen, og sildefisket foregår nå også fra fritidsbåter med hekkel og garn. I oktober 2017 hadde Norge eksportert 253 000 tonn sild for 2,5 milliarder kroner.

De store fangstene med norsk vårgytende sild blir tatt med snurpenot ute i havet, og levert lenger ute i fjorden, på Uthaug. Båtenes kvoter er på ca 40 tonn og 70 tonn sild. Blant annet er det Ulsund-båten «Trøndekari» som henter og leverer silda til Rørvik Fisk som sørger for at den foredles og til slutt finner vegen til matfatet. Og prisene for silda er brukbare hvor den største silda betales med opp til sju kroner kiloet. Men det er bare de største båtene som fisker lenger ute og får storsild som oppnår slike priser. Disse leverer fangstene rett til mottak enten i Rørvik eller på Brekstad. Trøndelag har også store fiskeressurser, for på Ørland fermenteres over 90 prosent av all sild som konsumeres i Skandinavia. Norske fiskere driver idag sildefiske i Nordsjøen og tilstøtende områder. Kvotene ble etter hvert økt og Vintersildfisket etter norsk vårgytende sild foregår hovedsakelig langs møre- og nordlandskysten i tiden januar–mars med ringnot, trål og garn. Det dreier seg om norsk vårgytende sild som passerer Trøndelag to ganger i året. Silda følger havstrømmene og vandrer nordover til Barentshavet utpå våren og sørover igjen på høstparten for å gyte, forteller Fiskeridirektoratet. Kyst- og fjordområdene på Vestlandet er gyteområder for silda, men før det finner den mat i sjøen utenfor Trøndelag – og blir til mat for mennesker. Silda siger lenger inn senhøstes og tidlig vinter. Da er det mulig å få gode fangster for andre enn store havgående fartøy. Kvoter for åpen gruppe av båter er mindre. «Siv Hege» er i denne kategorien, hvor disse bare kan benytte garn eller landnot, i motsetning til lukka gruppe som også har tillatelse til ringnot.

For store havgående fartøy med også ringnot er Nordsjøsild-fisket i 2019 fra Egersundsbanken og videre nordover øst av grensen både sør av Frigg, ved Oseberg og nordøst av Gullfaks som nordligste felt. I EU har fisket foregått på Forty Miles Ground og Bressay Hole, og fiskerne har idag utfordringer med å finne fangstbar sild i Nordsjøen så de håper nå at silden kan samle seg mer i nordlige deler av Nordsjøen. Ringnotflåten avventer det meste av sitt fiske etter sild til høsten. I løpet av februar begynner gytingen. Hvor langt sør silda kommer før den igjen setter kursen ut i havet mot Island og Jan Mayen er fiskerne og lokalbefolkningen langs kysten på Vestlandet veldig spente på. Norske fiskere var svært aktive på de islandske sildebankene. Nå er den norske, vårgytende silda i ferd med å bygge seg så kraftig opp igjen at den kan være tilbake i store mengder i islandsk sone dette året. Ingen vil være mer glad for det enn islendingene selv. Havets sølv er Islands gull, sier de på Island. I 2009 kom silda helt sør til Rogaland. Dermed var noe av det gamle sildeeventyret på den sørlige delen av Vestlandet tilbake. Fangstene i 2010 ble gjort fra Vestfjorden i Nordland og ned til Trøndelag-kysten. Sildefronten kom i 2010 helt til Buagrunnen like utenfor kysten av Møre og Romsdal, og det ble tatt store fangster da. Prisen på silda var da ikke så veldig god, sett med fiskernes øyne for en snittpris på minstepris, eller kilopris på 2,17 kroner til konsum er det ingen som jubler over. Båter i såkalt lukka gruppe har tildelt en fartøykvote som kan variere fra 250 tonn til flere tusen tonn etter størrelsen på båtene. Fangsten til de trønderske båtene utgjorde 2,8 % av fangstverdien til den norskefiskeflåten i 2018. Så det tradisjonelle fiskeriet er en betydelig mindre næring i Trøndelag men står fremdeles for en betydelig verdiskaping, den er viktig for sysselsetningen på Trøndelagskysten

Heile Stjørnfjorden i Trøndelag er prega av silda idet Stjørnfjorden og Bjugnfjorden var de rikeste sildefjordene. Utetter fjorden i alle bukter og viker står det brygger som vitne om silda. Råkvåg (idag Vågen fra før Høvågen) sin epoke gjenspeiler norsk fiskerihistorie fra da sildefiske basert på landnota med små båter krevde mange bygninger for behandling av silda og lagring/ vedlikehold av nøter. Bryggerekka rundt vågen er den største samling av sjøhus utenfor de større byene i Norge, hvor flere av bryggene stammer fra andre halvdel av 1800-tallet, og deler av bygningsmassen kan føres tilbake til 16- og 1700-tallet.

Den viktigste sesongen var feitsildfisket om høsten. Det kom fiskere langveis fra. Havna var full av båter, og det var et yrende liv. Silda skulle bli Råkvåg sin hovednæring, og i 1914 ble hermetikkfabrikken Råkvåg Canning etablert der, og den ble drevet i en 20 års tid. Fra Råkvåg ble det eksportert sild til hele Europa. Husmødrene i Råkvåg utgjorde en viktig del av arbeidsstyrken og utførte også salting og sildtilvirking. Dagene ble lange og harde, og lønna var langt fra like god som den mennene fikk.
Frustrasjonen blant Hilda og de andre kvinnene på fabrikken vokste. Mennene hadde bedre arbeidsvilkår og lettere oppgaver, men fikk likevel mye bedre lønn! Kvinnene ble stadig mer bevisst på sitt eget arbeid og rettighetene de manglet. Ganske nylig, i 1913, hadde kvinnene fått stemmerett i Norge. Men det var fremdeles en lang vei å gå.
Konflikten spisset seg. Kvinnene på fabrikken forlot arbeidet i protest mot forskjellsbehandlingen. De streiket. Fabrikkeierne og mennene var sjokkert. Dette var uhørt. Etter noen timers streik begynte de eldste kvinnene å vende tilbake til arbeidet. Snart var unntakstilstanden over. Streiken var modig, men hadde ikke forandret noe på vilkårene. Sildefabrikkarbeiderne var av de første som streiket på Fosen. Hermetikkfabrikken ble flyttet fra bygda allerede først på 30-tallet, og sammen med nedgangen i fiskeriene på 60-tallet, ble så godt som alle fiskebrukene i Råkvåg avviklet.

I en periode på 10-15 år etter krigen var det et rikt sildefiske på Nordvestlandet, som trønderske fiskere var med på. Dette førte til at mange trøndere investerte i større båter og moderne snurpenøter. I 1952 var det registrert 17 snurpefartøy i Sør-Trøndelag, noe som utgjorde 7,7 % på landsbasis. I 1960 var dette tallet økt til 11,2 % av landsflåten. Silda var oppfiska i 1962 då Stjørnabuen gjekk sin stolte jomfrutur inn gjennom Stjørnfjorden. Nordfjorden har sin store herskar, Storbasen Aksel Johansen. I velvaksen alder, då silda var på veg bort frå fjorden, investerte han i ny båt. Ein sildsnurpar saman med dei andre karane i Nordfjorden. Men det var for seint. Eventyret vart kortvarig og båten fekk andre eigarar. Etter at effektive snurpefartøyer ”rensket” havet for sild rundt 1960, fikk vi en lang periode uten sild i fjorden.

No i 2019 blir silda tatt langt utanfor Stjørnfjorden i store mengder. De store fangstene blir tatt med snurpenot ute i havet, og levert lenger ute i fjorden, på Uthaug. Enno spelar silda ei stor rolle i norske fiskeri, og gir store inntekter til land og folk, og enno er det sild i fjorden her. Inni Nordfjorden kan eg sjå klare utslag på ekkoloddet, og somme stader ser vi ikkje botn for all sild som er under båten, sild som mat til fisken i fjorden og som mat for folket her. Så idag er silda tilbake igjen. Sildfisket foregår nå også fra fritidsbåter med hekkel og garn.

Landnotfiske kom allerede på 1600-tallet, så notbaser har det vært siden den tid. Landnotfisket skjedde ved å stenge silda inn i en våg eller mot land. Nota måtte være lang og ble satt sammen av flere nøter. Det var hektisk når nota skulle ut og få feste mot land slik at silda ikke kunne stikke av. Når silda var innenfor nota, måtte den låses i et mindre steng av låsnota. Orkastnota ble brukt når silda skulle leveres, slik at den kunne håves opp i båtene til oppkjøperne. Det er lett å skjønne at det trengtes mange mann til dette og arbeidet måtte skje raskt og være godt samkjørt. Derfor var det naturlig å gå sammen i notlag. Etter 1900 og utover begynte forholdene å endre seg til det bedre for fiskerne. Båten ble større og bedre utstyrt. Etter hvert skaffet de seg motorer i båtene, noe som førte til at seglet og årene ble overflødig. Det tok en del år, men utviklingen var på gang. Det skjedde mye på dette området frem til 1940. Men færingen og geitbåten hadde fortsatt årer. Etter at motoren kom begynte de som fisket med landnot, å reise til andre fjorder og fiske, blant annet på Innherred, som i Åsenfjord og Borgen. Rundt århundreskiftet begynte man å bruke dampmaskin i de store båtene. Dampmaskinene var både store og dyre og ble aldri noen suksess. Ikke lenge etter kom nemlig de første motorbåtene. Vi regner med at den første motorbåten kom til Trøndelag i 1907, og at den først ble tatt i bruk i Vikna, Leka og Nærøy. Etterhver fikk flere plasser motorbåt, men det var først i perioden 1914-1920 at motorbåten fikk sitt gjennombrudd. Landnota ble etter hvert et fiske som stort sett foregikk i sommerhalvåret.

Etter at det var slutt med landnotbrukene i Stjørna, var de noen som hadde mindre bruk med mindre mannskap. I Råkvåg og Nordfjorden var det stor konkurranse mellom brukene. Det førte til at noen av brukene gikk i «samfiske» de siste årene fiske pågikk. Noen bruk var også på Innherred på fiske når det ikke var sild på Stjørna. I 1937 ble Stjørnfjorden bla nevnt i Sør-Trøndelag fylke i Norges lover : med forbud mot å bruke sildesnurpenot. I 1950-årene var det et rikt sildefiske i Stjørnfjorden, og landnotbruka gjorde godt fiske den sommeren. Det var også et godt fiske for snurperne. Nå var det ikke bare, bare å komme inn i Nordfjorden for andre enn de 4 bruka som hørte til der. Det var en hard konkurranse. Det ble også uenighet om samfiske, noe som var opptakten til Hommelvikslaget høsten 1951.

Fra årene på 1950-tallet så kom fiskerne heim fra feitsildfiske ca. 14 dager før jul. Nota skulle henges til tørk, notbåtene rengjøres og motorene overhales. Hovedfartøyet har kanskje behov for en overhaling på Frengen Slip og Motorversted i Fevåg før storsildsesongen. Fisket hadde ikke vært det helt store denne høsten. Fiskerne hadde drevet mest på Innherred og Gulosen, men også på Stjørna, men de berget tur. Noen kroner var det da til gode når kostpengene var trekt i fra lotten. I mellomjula var det å starte pakking av sjømannssekken. Den måtte omstendelig pakkes, for den skulle romme det meste av det en hadde behov i løpet av vinteren. Bortimot tre måneder. For å nevne noe av de viktigste. Teppe og pute, et ekstra trekk for å skifte i løpet av vinteren, samt to greiner (laken av ullgarn) til underlag. Tre par sjøvotter, tre par ullsokker, et par ullgensere, vadmels- eller overallsbukser, og jakker. Til slutt kom oljehyre med sydvest, støvler og et ekstra par sko, ofte tresko. Basen la loddsula på toppen. Men vi hadde også en koffert som ikke var alt for stor. Den skulle nemlig plasseres i køya der de lå. Tida kunne bli lang i en lugar med 12 – 14 mann. For i denne lugaren det vanligvis trangt om plassen. Her hadde vi det meste av våre eiendeler. Tørrmaten i en skuff under benken. Her spiste vi, her hadde vi klærne og støvlene, og her lå vi. På enkelt båter var det skap for klær. Der hang dressen og frakken. Middagen fikk vi hente i byssa, servert på tallerkener av stål. Kaffekrus og bestikk måtte hver enkelt ha ansvaret for. Kanskje 10 av 12 mann brukte tobakk. Ofte ble det røykt tobakkspipe. De fantes også lugarer med dobbelkøyer. Så lugaren var vår spisestue, oppholdsrom, og soverom.
Vi viste ikke av noen bedre forhold på fiskebåtene jeg var med disse årene. Fisket vi godt var det ingen som tenkte på forholdene. I tidligere tider var forholdene på fiskebåtene langt dårligere.

Snurpenotfiske og Snurpere

Sildefisket var et eventyr i 50- og 60-åra. Ufattelige mengder sild kom inn mot kysten, og snurperne lå tett i tett på feltet med Snurpenot som fangstmetode. Snurpenot ble første gangen brukt i Norge i 1905. Omkring 1920 ble snurpenota i bruk. Den var ikke avhengig av at silda kom inn til land for å fange den. Snurpenot kunne fiske silda ut på fjorden. Det fiske var ikke landnotfiskerne særlig begeistret for. Det førte til diskusjoner og protester i Fiskarlaget. Fiskarlaget var fiskernes organisasjon. Det kom en nordlending og bosatte seg i Råkvåg som var snurpenotfisker. Han var ikke bare populær blant landnotfiskerne. Båter med snurpenot fra andre deler av kysten, fisket på Stjørnfjorden i sildesesongen. Fiskerne fra Nordfjorden og Råkvåg investerte ikke i snurpenot før omkring 1940-tallet. Men mange av landnotfiskerne begynte etter hvert og reise på fiske med båter som fisket med snurpenot. Det var feitsildfiske om høsten, og storsildfiske på Vestlandet om vinteren. Med snurpenot var en mere fleksibel. En kunne raskere forflytte seg til andre fiskefelt. Vaagland Båtbyggeri ble en del av dette snurpenoteventyret, og leverte en serie snurpere til sildefisket. Fra 1950-tallet og i økende grad etter det, ble det tatt i bruk ny teknologi som effektiviserte fisket. Sonar, som egentlig var utvikla for å finne utbåter i krig, ble brukt i båter for å finne fiskestimer. I en periode på 10-15 år etter krigen var det et rikt sildefiske på Nordvestlandet, som trønderske fiskere var med på. Dette førte til at mange trøndere investerte i større båter og moderne snurpenøter. I 1952 var det registrert 17 snurpefartøy i Sør-Trøndelag, noe som utgjorde 7,7 % på landsbasis. I 1960 var dette tallet økt til 11,2 % av landsflåten. Bjarne Dragsnes fra Dyrvik på Frøya er en av veteranene fra sildeeventyret. Sammen med brødrene Albert og Jens fikk han bygd «Vidgrunn» i 1951. Det var den største snurperen Vaagland hadde bygd til da, og den første av fire 85-fotinger fra verkstedet.
Du verden for en sjøbåt det var! Vi lasta på den 2200 hektoliter, og det var mye på
en båt av denne størrelsen. Vi lasta den helt opp i Nordsjøen, det var hauger av sild på dekk. Vi surra presenninger over silda, og satte kurs mot Egersund, 7-8 timers gange unna. Sjøen gikk over dekk og fram til lugarnedgangen forut. Vi måtte bare gi opp å ta ombord notbåtene, da ble «Vidgrunn» for tung, så båtene ble senka ned igjen og tatt på slep. Tung sjø var det også. Da vi kom fram var det ikke ei eneste sild igjen på dekk. Sjøen hadde vaska ut alt. Det var rart at vi berga. Men det var en god båt, vet du. De relativt små trebåtene kunne bare ta opp en brøkdel av hva dagens moderne storsnurpere laster, og fisket var rene handverket sammenlignet med i dag.

Til sammen ble likevel fangstene svært store — i største laget, viste det seg seinere, og Ja, det var tider. Det store sildeeventyret varte ikke evig. Utover på 60-tallet forandra fisket karakter, fra kystnært fiske med trebåter til havfiske med store stålbåter, og det ble fisket med ringnot etter makrell i Nordsjøen og lodde i Barentshavet. Seinere startet også fiske etter kolmule langt vest i havet. Vaagland bygde mange snurpere, både til norske og utenlandske kunder, fram til 1980. Da gikk verftet inn i en periode med mer skrogbygging, dels til konkurrenter.

2008 status: To fiskebåter fra Møre har de siste to dagene fiska store mengder sild i Råkvåg, med snurpere på opp til 90 fot, hvor fiskerne stengte av vågen fra moloen og til fyret. Ikke siden 1960-tallet har Råkvåg opplevd så store mengder sild i vågen. Med så mye sild vil annen fisk gå etter, og den er viktig for de lokale fiskerne her. Når så store snurpere kommer helt inn i fjærasteinene i vågen og stenger av for all trafikk er det ikke rart folket her reagerer. Vågen kan stenges av i kortere perioder til de har fått samlet silda. Det står ikke noe om eksakt tid, men 24 timer er vel vanlig, opplyser Stefanusen fra Fiskeridirektoratet. En av fiskerne ombord fortalte at de tidligere har fiska i Nordfjorden og fått 192 tonn sild i et kast, forteller Oddmund Otterstad.

AquaStorm, Arctic Offshore Farming, Ocean Farm & SmartFishFarm, Havfarmen, og Aquatraz :

Det eksisterer 4 fire mulige retninger å gå: Offshore, lukkede merder, på land eller dypere under vann, og de Farming-konseptene som er omtalt her er altså disse i rekkefølge AquaStorm, Arctic Offshore Farming, Ocean Farm & SmartFishFarm, Havfarmen, og Aquatraz !! Se også Rømninger fakta - Handlingsplan og tiltak

Det eksisterer 4 fire mulige retninger å gå: Offshore, lukkede merder, på land eller dypere under vann, og de Farming-konseptene som er omtalt her er altså disse i rekkefølge AquaStorm, Arctic Offshore Farming, Ocean Farm & SmartFishFarm, Havfarmen, og Aquatraz :

AquaStorm (AS) ved MOWI ASA

er et Farming konsept som er fullt automatisert, og alt vil overvåkes fra et kontrollsenter på land. Der vil vi ha full kontroll på hvordan fisken har det, at den får mat og at all teknologien fungerer som den skal. Mowi vil senke merdene ned i havdypet, og knytte sammen teknologi fra norsk oppdrett-, subsea- og offshorenæring.
«Dette konseptet tar i bruk både havbruksteknologi og subseateknologi for å produsere laks offshore. Fordi eier av teknologien nå er i ferd med å søke patet, kan vi dessverre ikke si mer om løsningen på dette tidspunktet», skriver selskapet i en e-post til IntraFish. Selskapet har tidligere søkt om tillatelser til konseptene Egget, Beck-Cage, Marine Donut og oppdrett i bulk-skip. MOWI er blant selskapene som har kommet med ny søknad de seneste dagene, og dets prosjekt er dessuten det største av de nye, med hele 36 tillatelser til «Aqua Storm» i Trøndelag. Mowi vil altså investere milliarder i sitt Aquastorm konsept men selskapet har per mai 2019 fått nei fra Fiskeridirektoratet til utviklingstillatelser !! Avslaget på 36 utviklingstillatelser begrunnes nok en gang med at prosjektet ikke oppfyller vilkåret om betydelig innovasjon.
«Etter Fiskeridirektoratets vurdering befinner prosjektet seg i en fase hvor det fremdeles er uavklarte konseptuelle detaljer som ikke kan låses før ytterligere analyser og studier av teknologien er gjennomført. I følge søker avhenger disse igjen av en tildeling av tillatelser», heter det i avslaget.

Arctic Offshore Farming (AOF) ved Norway Royal Salmon ASA

er utviklet ved å kombinere havbruks-, offshore- og fiskeri-kompetanse. NRS og Aker Solutions har utviklet et halvt nedsenkbart offshore oppdrettsanlegg som er dimensjonert for værharde områder. Konseptet tar altså her i bruk ny teknologi som gir mulighet for en lokalisering lengre fra kysten enn dagens oppdrettsanlegg, i tillegg til å redusere det miljømessige fotavtrykket. Dette utviklede konseptet for lakseoppdrett i fjernstyrte nedsenkbare produksjonsanlegg er basert på offshore-teknologi. Den industrielle ambisjonen er å kombinere kunnskap fra oppdrettsnæringen med offshore kompetanse for å utvikle fremtidens havbruksnæring og med det sikre fremtidig bærekraftig vekst for norsk havbruksnæring. De nye havmerdene til NRS er oppe i 3000 tonn, hvor high-tech stål Merdene er hele 79 meter i diameter.

Ocean Farming (OF) og for øvrig «Smart Fish Farm» tilknyttet Mariculture, ved SalMar ASA

er konseptet hvor OF-Merden er utviklet i Norge, med bakgrunn i et tverrfaglig partnerskap mellom norske aktører med verdensledende ekspertise innen havbruk, offshore og relevant forskning. Ocean Farm 1 skal brukes til å teste ut hvordan havbruk kan vokse på en bærekraftig måte, og OR-Anlegget kan utgjøre de første stegene mot en ny æra innen havbruk. Ocean Farm 1 er et fullskala pilotanlegg for testing, læring, forskning og utvikling. Det blir utrustet for forskningsoppgaver, med særlig fokus på biologiske forhold og fiskevelferd. Målet er å redusere miljøavtrykket, forbedre fiskevelferd og svare på bransjens arealutfordringer. Erfaringer og nye løsninger fra prosjektet kan utgjøre starten på en ny æra innen bærekraftig produksjon av sjømat, og kan potensielt tas i bruk over hele verden. Ocean Farm 1 er utformet for å teste ut både biologiske og teknologiske sider ved å drive fiskeoppdrett til havs. «Smart Fish Farm» Havmerd løsningen plasseres i Norskehavet utenfor Trøndelag, og den vil langt på vei kunne løse konfliktene om miljø og arealer som næringen møter i dag, og Salmar ASA har startet et arbeid for å identifisere det miljømessige beste området egnet for etableringen.

Havfarmen ved Nordlaks ASA

Med Havfarmen konseptet som den store innovasjonen skal Nordlaks flytte den siste og mest intensive delen av laksens vekstfase ut av fjordene. Nordlaks ønsker at avstanden til nærmeste lakseanlegg skal være minst 10 kilometer mot 2,5 kilometer som er Mattilsynets anbefalte minsteavstand i dag. Havfarmen skal plasseres i områder som ikke kan utnyttes til oppdrett med dagens tilgjengelige teknologi. Dette er mer eksponerte havområder med komplekse vind-, strøm- og bølgeforhold, og større dyp. Hensikten med den nye teknologien er forbedring når det gjelder miljømessige, fiskevelferdsmessige og produksjonsmessige betingelser. Hensikten med prosjektet er altså å utvikle en ny teknologi for at havbruksnæringa og selskapet skal kunne utvikle seg innenfor fiskevelferdsmessige og miljømessig forsvarlige rammer. Stikkord er nytt areal, lakselus, fiskehelse, fiskevelferd og rømming.

Aquatraz ved Midt-Norsk Havbruk AS

Aquatraz ved Midt-Norsk Havbruk er havmerd konseptet som spiller på lag med laksens adferd, hvor ny teknologi og systematisk arbeid skal ta MNH selskapet inn i en fremtid der fisken får lov til å være i fred i merden. NMH er meget motivert til å gå i gang med Aquatraz konseptet hvor vi sammen med våre samarbeidspartnere skal utvikle konseptet for å sikre en fremtidsrettet produksjon hvor vi reduserer næringens hovedutfordringer knyttet til lus samt bidra til enda bedre fiskehelse. Aquatraz-merden fungerer også uten strøm, og som de tradisjonelle merdene renner vannet rett gjennom, sa Holand.Løftesøylene løfter og presser fisken. I april 2017 fikk MNH Produksjon tilsagn om fire utviklingstillatelser til konseptet Aquatraz, en semi-lukket stålmerd. Det omhandler 4 utviklingskonsesjoner på hver 780 tonn, totalt 3120 tonn. MNH Produksjon valgte å klage på at de kun fikk fire av åtte omsøkte utviklingstillatelser for konseptet «Aquatraz». departementet har behandlet klagen per september 2018. Aquatraz skal kunne erstatte vanlige merder på eksisterende lokaliteter, og ligge side om side med dem. Aquatraz er altså et prosjekt som spinner videre på fortrinn vi har i Norge, det vises til den delvis lukkede merden til Midt Norsk Havbruk som nå er fylt med fisk. MNH-konsernet har stor tro på Aquatraz-konseptet, og dagens tildeling av konsesjoner gir unike muligheter for å videreutvikle og kommersialisere Aquatraz og styrke produksjonskapasiteten i MNH-konsernet betydelig, sier Roald Dolmen, prosjektleder for Aquatraz. Fisken kom i merden i fjor høst 2018, og i slutten av mai 2019 ble den første fisken slaktet ut. Med sin nye semilukkede stålmerd gjør Midt-Norsk Havbruk alt de kan for å redusere risikoen for rømning, og Midt-Norsk Havbruk har ikke brukt lusemidler på tre år. Aquatraz-merdene veier 500–600 tonn hver. Disse nye havmerdene er da tilsammen oppe i 3000 tonn.

Fosen Yard ASA

Med 100 mann i Tyskland, er de nå rundt 250 ansatte i selskapet Fosen Yard. I omsetning har vi nok gjort større prosjekter. Akkurat nå har vi nesten 600 mann i arbeid på hurtigrutebåten «Nordlys». Det innebærer 130.000 arbeidstimer på 30 dager, så vi er vant til å ha store og intense prosjekter på kort tid. Han legger til at det samtidig er viktig å ha respekt for at oppdrettsnæringen er en annen bransje med tanke på standarder, krav og metodikk. Det som gjøres på Oppdrett er til en viss grad noe annet enn det Fosen Yard har gjort tidligere. Oppdrettsmerdene vil bety nye arbeidsplasser, men Anders Straumsheim kan ikke si hvor mange. På Oppdrett er det spesielt viktig med grundige forberedelser, god planlegging og å få til en god start på arbeidet. Fosen Yard begynte å satse innenfor havbruk for noen år siden. Fosen Yard har lenge jobbet målrettet for å bli en underleverandør til havbruksnæringen, og det er derfor en milepæl og spesielt gledelig at verftet nå av Midt-Norsk Havbruk er valgt som leverandør for pilotmerden for MNH-Produksjon AS. De har blant annet stått for byggingen av Aquatraz, den semilukkede stålmerden til Midt-Norsk Havbruk. Aquatraz Pilotmerden bygges i helhet ved Fosen Yard sitt verft på Kvithylla i Trøndelag. MNH sin kontrakt bestilling er at Fosen Yard skal bygge tilsammen 4 fire Aquatraz pilotmerder til MNH-Produksjon, med levering i løpet av 2018. MNH-Produksjon er datterselskap av Midt-Norsk Havbruk, og ifølge en pressemelding har Aquatraz kontrakten med Fosen Yard en verdi på rundt 120 millioner kroner. For ikke lenge siden overleverte Fosen Yard «Aquatraz 2», en gigantisk merdkonstruksjon i stål til Midt-Norsk Havbruk. Fosen Yard har bygd opp erfaring og kompetanse på feltet. Det håper og tror selskapet har vært den avgjørende faktoren til at de vant det store oppdraget. Aquatraz-merdene veier 500-600 tonn hver. Midt Norsk Havbruk er veldig fornøyd med at et lokalt verft er konkurransedyktig med hensyn til pris, kvalitet og leveringstid, og ser frem til å samarbeide med Fosen Yard. To nye gigantmerder skal bygges på Fosen. Fosen Yard offentliggjorde i går inngåelsen av en kontrakt med Norway Royal Salmon om bygging av stålkonstruksjonen som utgjøre kjernen i et nytt oppdrettsanlegg til en verdi av 700 millioner kroner. Stålkonstruksjonen bygges i seksjoner, som så fraktes til Fosen for sammenstilling, igangkjøring og testing før levering. Det er ikke kompleksiteten som er den største utfordringen, men mer volum og dimensjoner. Mellom 200 og 250 årsverk på Fosen Yard vil være involvert i byggingen av AOF havmerden.

For Norway Royal Salmon så trekker Fosen Yard i Rissa i Trøndelag det lengste strået, og det har sammenheng med kompetansen og erfaringen til Fosen. Yard ASA, og i tillegg har de en høy automasjonsgrad. AOF-Designet er nemlig laget slik at det skal være enkelt å bruke roboter og automasjonssystemer for å bygge merdene. De er sekstenkanta og pongtongene som får merdene til å flyte, er firkantede. Hver merd har 16 søyler, 16 nedre pongtongblokker og 16 øvre pongtongblokker. Når du har laget én blokk, kan du lage 31 til, så du har mulighet for serieproduksjon. Hadde merden vært avrunda, hadde det vært vanskeligere med en så høy automasjonsgrad, spesielt i de dimensjonene vi snakker her. For dette blir stort. Merdene er 79 meter i diameter. Dette gjør blant annet at de ikke kan fraktes gjennom Suezkanalen, noe som bidrar til å utelukke asiatiske verft idet også Frakten rundt Afrika ville tatt lang tid og blitt dyr. Med prisen på merdene pluss frakt til lokalitet, så er Fosen Yard konkurransedyktig. Det er alltid en totalvurdering av Kompetanse, erfaring, leveransemodell og pris som blir vurdert for alle verft, og i den vurderingen kommer Fosen Yard best ut for Norway Royal Salmon.

Utviklingstillatelser - Norway’s Offshore-Inshore Regulations :

Økende interesse for offshore havbruk, førte til at Nærings- og fiskeridepartementet opprettet en så kalt interdepartemental arbeidsgruppe for å legge til rette for offshore havbruk. I dag ligger de fleste oppdrettsanleggene i nærheten av land. Teknologiutviklingen i havbruksnæringen og miljøutfordringer i tradisjonelle oppdrettsområder gjør at stadig flere havbruksaktører viser interesse for havbruk lengre til havs enn det som er vanlig i dag. Utviklingstillatelsene er særtillatelser som kan tildeles prosjekter som innebærer betydelig innovasjon og betydelige investeringer. Formålet er å legge til rette for utvikling av teknologi som kan bidra til å løse en eller flere av de miljø- og arealutfordringene som akvakulturnæringen står overfor. Teknologien som blir utviklet i prosjektene skal deles slik at den kommer hele næringen til gode.

Som følge av utviklingstillatelsene som er gjennomført, ser vi at vi går lengre og lengre ut i havet. Det er omsøkt utviklingstillatelser tilsvarende nær 90 prosent av dagens totale norske lakseproduksjon – uten av det får finansanalytikere til å bli bekymret for tilbudssiden. Ifølge analytikerne så får de fleste nok avslag, og det er uansett lenge til eventuell vekst kommer. Fiskeridirektoratet sier nei til kjent, etablert teknologi, Og de kan heller ikke si ja til for like prosjekter. Flertallet av avslagene som er gitt så langt er begrunnet i at konseptene ikke oppfyller kravene til «betydelig innovasjon». Totalt kom det inn 104 ulike søknader om totalt 898 tillatelser. Flere selskaper leverte mer enn én søknad. Søknadene ble løpende behandlet. Per mai 2019 med MOWI sin søknad er altså de to siste av de 104 søknadene som kom inn ferdig behandlet av Fiskeridirektoratet. Åtte har fått beskjed om at de faller innenfor ordningen, men her pågår det fremdeles avklaringer. Elleve har fått tilsagn, mens 85 har fått avslag. Per november 2018 var det åtte Utviklingstillatelse prosjekter som fikk ja, og 57 som fikk nei !! Av søknadene som er blitt behandlet så langt, har de fleste fått avslag og/eller avkortet antall innvilgede tillatelser !!

For utviklingstillatelsene tar FiskeriDirektoratet utgangspunkt i Statistisk sentralbyrås (SSB) sin definisjon for utviklingsarbeid, som lyder slik:
«Utviklingsarbeid er systematisk virksomhet som anvender eksisterende kunnskap fra forskning eller praktisk erfaring, og som er rettet mot: å fremstille nye eller vesentlig forbedrede materiale, produkter eller innretninger».
Aktører hevder at om innovasjon hadde vært inkludert, kunne dette gitt andre utslag. Advokat Thomas Andreassen mener Fiskeridirektoratet har tolket innovasjon for snevert i sin tildeling.

I prinsippet er det fire mulige retninger å gå: Offshore, lukkede merder, på land eller dypere under vann. Av de 15 selskapene som det er avklart skal få tilsagn, er ti blant de 20 største oppdretterne i Norge. Aktører sier det kan synes å være en preferanse mot offshore og semilukkede anlegg. Så langt er det 37 tillatelser til prosjekter som sikter seg på offshore produksjon og 21 tillatelser til semilukkede anlegg.

Interessen øker for offshore havbruk, samt at regelverk og Akvakulturloven ikke er tilpasset slik drift. Nærings- og fiskeridepartementet oppretter derfor nå en interdepartemental arbeidsgruppe for å legge til rette for offshore havbruk. En ny rapport skal identifisere behov for endringer i regelverket for å legge best mulig til rette for utvikling av havbruk til havs. Den peker på eksisterende og eventuelt fremtidige utfordringer med dobbeltregulering og/eller mangler i regelverket. I rapporten vurderes blant annet hvordan areal til offshore havbruk kan settes av, hvordan tillatelser kan tildeles, hva slags type driftsregler som må på plass, regelverk knyttet til helse, miljø og sikkerhet og pantsettelsesadgang. 

Norway Royal Salmon (NRS) , Trondheim

Norway Royal Salmon (NRS) valgte Fosen Yard til å bygge havmerden Arctic Offshore Farming. NRS har fått 7,68 utviklingstillatelser, noe som betyr at de kan ha til sammen 5990 tonn laks i sitt AOF anlegg. I alt skal NRS selskapet gjøre investeringer på 1,8 milliarder kroner de neste tre årene 2020-2022 i blant annet settefiskanlegg i tillegg til vanlige drifts- og vedlikeholdsinvesteringer. AOF er den største enkeltinvesteringen Norway Royal Salmon har gjort så langt, hvor dette AOF-Prosjektet vil koste rundt 700 millioner kroner. Kontrakten med Fosen Yard er den største enkeltkontrakten i prosjektet og er verdt rundt 350 millioner kroner. Merdene skal være ferdig bygget på vårparten 2020 (neste år), og første fisk skal settes ut i tredje kvartal 2020 da. Hele AOF-løsningen skal være på plass innen utgangen tredje kvartal 2020. Kun AOF-Merdene skal altså være ferdig bygget av Fosen Yard primært i Tyskland på vårparten 2020 (neste år). Fosen Yard bygger altså nå disse nye havmerdene til NRS som er oppe i 3000 tonn, hvor disse high-tech Merdene bygd i stål er hele 79 meter i diameter. Selskapet har utviklet et helt nytt konsept for lakseoppdrett i fjernstyrte nedsenkbare produksjonsanlegg basert på offshore-teknologi. Den industrielle ambisjonen er å kombinere kunnskap fra oppdrettsnæringen med offshore kompetanse for å utvikle fremtidens havbruksnæring og med det sikre fremtidig bærekraftig vekst for norsk havbruksnæring. Anlegget vil gi betydelig økt arealutnyttelse av norske farvann ved plassering lengre fra kysten, og hvor det i tillegg vil ha et lite miljømessig fotavtrykk. Norway Royal Salmon var høsten 2018 i gang med å finne leverandører til offshoreanlegget og Leverandørene til enkelte av de store tingene som skal på plass var da allerede valgt som nevnt over, men Hatlebrekke ville da høsten 2018 ikke ut med hvem alle disse er. Arctic Offshore Farming er to store merder i stål. Med dem skal Norway Royal Salmon flytte laksen ut til havs, og senke dem ned 10 meter under overflaten. Det er to grunner. Den ene er for å komme seg unna lusa som stort sett er i øvre vannmassene. Nummer to er at miljøkreftene er voldsomt tøffe. Men kreftene avtar veldig bare fem-ti meter lenger ned. Anlegget vil ligge betydelig mer eksponert enn dagens lokaliteter. Samtidig er andre miljøforhold på slike lokaliteter svært attraktive for laksen med god vannutskiftning som vil sikre god fiskevelferd, tilvekst og miljømessig bærekraft. NRS selskapet har hatt en åpen, positiv og konstruktiv dialog med Fiskeridirektoratet for å justere nedskalere konseptet innenfor de rammebetingelser som var akseptable for partene. Med en byggetid på rundt et år, er planen at AOF-anlegget skal stå ferdig sommeren 2020 hvor det skal installeres og funksjonstestes. På sensommeren/høsten 2020 planlegger NRS selskapet å sette fisk i anlegget. NRS har fått 7,68 utviklingstillatelser, noe som betyr at de kan ha til sammen 5990 tonn laks i anlegget. Fiskeridirektoratet tildelte i mars 2018 til sammen 7,68 utviklingstillatelser (5.990 tonn Maksimal tillatt biomasse) for utvikling av Arctic Offshore Farming. NRS trur at offshore oppdrett er ein del av framtidas lakseoppdrett. Men det er mange spørsmål igjen å avklare. Me trur at offshore oppdrett er ein del av framtidas lakseoppdrett. Det vil løyse nokon, ikkje alle, utfordringane med tanke på areal og miljø. Men me må ta dette gradvis og ta nødvendig omsyn til både folk og fisk, understreka Høstlund. Veksten vil komme, men det tar tid, avslutta han. NRS meiner det er postitvt at norske styresmakter har starta arbeidet med rammeverk og lovgiving for offshore oppdrett. Tillatelsene er en anerkjennelse av en lang og god utviklingsprosess hvor Norway Royal Salmon (NRS), Aker og Aker Solutions har utviklet et halvt nedsenkbart offshore oppdrettsanlegg som er dimensjonert for værharde områder. AOF-Anlegget fjernstyres fra en fôrflåte som ligger rundt 400 meter fra merdene. Denne leveres av Akva Group. Aker Solutions er med videre som teknologi- og samarbeidspartner.
ABB får ansvar for systemene til denne fjernstyrte, nedsenkbare merden. Strategisk er kontrakten meget viktig for ABBs satsning innenfor havbruk. Med dette prosjektet går ABB inn som leverandør til fremtidens oppdrettsanlegg som stiller nye krav til både sikker drift og tekniske løsninger, sier Andersen. Leveransen til Arctic Offshore Farming er en av de største kontraktene ABB noen gang har inngått innen havbruk. ABB har fått et omfattende systemansvar for elektro, automasjon, instrumentering og telecom-løsningene.
Det betyr at ABB vil ha ansvaret for å designe overvåknings- og kontrollsystemene som skal gjøre det mulig å drifte anlegget på en sikker måte, og innebærer blant annet at det finnes back up-løsninger, eller redundans, i kritiske systemer som energiforsyning og kommunikasjon. Det Ubemannede Systemet samler også miljødata data  om meteorologiske forhold, havstrømmer, oksygennivå og sjøtemperatur. Det overvåker også pH-verdien på ulike dybder og mengden av biomasse i merdene. Noe av hensikten med tildeling av utviklingskonsesjoner er å finne løsninger på enkelte av utfordringene næringen har i dag slik at næringen kan fortsette å vokse på en bærekraftig måte. Merdene vil være ubemannet og skal kunne senkes og virke i nedsenket drift. Aker Solutions er med videre som teknologi- og samarbeidspartner.
Modelltesten i Frankrike’s Oceanide av AOF anlegget har også vist at dobbeltnot-konseptet fungerer svært godt. Det er derfor besluttet at NRS skal bruke dobbeltnot, noe som ytterligere reduserer sannsynligheten for rømming. Mørenot skal levere til Arctic Offshore Farming. Gjennom sitt selskap Aqua Knowledge i Haugesund, skal Mørenot Aquaculture utvikle den tekniske løsningen for det komplette notsystemet til Arctic Offshore Farming. Selskapet Mørenot har blant annet levert notløsningen til SalMars Ocean Farm 1 som er lokalisert på Frohavet. Nota har nå stått i sjøen i et års tid, den er gjennomtestet, og vi vet at den fungerer godt i praksis. Det vi skal levere til dette prosjektet er et dobbelt notsystem i Dyneema fiber med en spesial coating. Den vil ha ekstra lang holdbarhet, og kreve vesentlig mindre vedlikehold enn ei tradisjonell not. Dette gir også kostnadsbesparinger på drift, sier Jan Eskil Hollen, administrerende direktør Mørenot Aquaculture i meldingen. Utviklingstillatelsene er en fin måte å dra næringa ut i mer eksponerte områder. Skulle næringa gjort dette selv uten denne ordningen, så hadde det vært en mye mer gradvis utvikling. Denne ordningen er et ønske og en mulighet til å ta et stort jafs i utviklingen av næringen. Fremtiden vil vise om det var riktig. Forhåpentligvis vil noen av løsningene eller kombinasjoner av løsninger sette en industristandard for fremtidens eksponerte havbruksanlegg, sier Hatlebrekke i NRS.

AOF-Anlegget består av to store merder som plasseres i havet utenfor kysten av Troms, i et område der vær- og bølgeforholdene er langt mer krevende enn inne i fjordene. Norway Royal Salmon jobber nå med to stedsalternativer for Arctic Offshore Farming, som er dimensjonert for værharde områder til havs: Ytre Øyfjord på Senja i Lenvik kommune eller Fellesholmen på Kvaløya i Tromsø kommune. Begge næringene (fiskeri og havbruk journ.anm.) er like viktig for Lenvik og nye Senja kommune. Derfor legger Lenvik kommune til rette for utvikling av fiskerinæringen med nye kai- og næringsområder for fiskeflåten både i Botnhamn, Husøy og Fjordgård. Lokale fiskere har vært lite begeistret over planene til Norway Royal Salmon (NRS) om å teste ut konseptet Arctic Offshore Farming i Øyfjorden på Senja. Begrunnelsen av et «NEI» i starten var at etableringen ville påvirke sikkerheten og framkommeligheten negativt for de sjøfarende i området, samt plasseringen ble også vurdert til å påvirke utøvelsen av fisket i negativ retning. Med offshore oppdrett må me ha utstyr som kan handtere ekstreme forhold. Anlegget vårt er designa for 15 meter bølgehøgde, men me startar testinga på 6,5 meter bølgehøgde. Dette er noko som må takast gradvis, sa Høstlund. Til konseptet Arctic Offshore Farming har selskapet fått åtte utviklingsløyve. Selskapet har søkt om å få etablere seg på lokaliteten Ytre Øyfjord i Lenvik kommune i Troms med konseptet. Dersom industrien skal vekse, må den ta i bruk ny teknologi og auke arealutnyttinga og nå meir eksponerte område, sa Høstlund. Han viste til at i dag er 96 prosent av lokalitetane innanfor område med maksimal bølgehøgde på 3,5 meter.

Ocean Farm (OF) ved SalMar ASA

SalMar var det første selskapet som fikk innvilget utviklingstillatelser, for konseptet Ocean Farm (OF). HAVBASERT FISKEOPPDRETT - En ny æra innen havbruk er på vei. Selskapet bak OF-havmerden er Ocean Farming AS, et selskap i SalMar-konsernet – etablert etter målsetting om å utvikle havbasert fiskeoppdrett. Ocean Farming AS vil gjennom utvikling og realisering av ny teknologi og gjennom operativ erfaring tilegne seg den særskilte kompetanse som kreves av denne neste generasjons form for fiskeoppdrett. SalMar-selskapet Ocean Farming AS ble i 2016 tildelt åtte utviklingskonsesjoner ifølge Fiskeridirektoratet, og Tillatelsene er gitt med en varighet på syv år. SalMar har som mål å kunne benytte hele kapasiteten ved lokaliteten, som er på åtte tillatelser, tilsvarende 6.240 tonn. «Ocean Farm 1» som ble satt i sjøen i Håbranden langt ute i Frohavet vest for Trøndelag i 2017 har altså plass til rundt 1,5 millioner laks. Den har en diameter på 110 meter og 68 m i høyde, og den kostet 690 millioner kroner. Målet for Utviklingstillatelsene i Norge er å stimulere til utvikling av ny teknologi og løsninger som kan bidra til at bransjen kan vokse samtidig som hensynet til miljø og bærekraft er ivaretatt. Ocean Farm-prosjekt er rettet inn mot nettopp denne utfordringen, og SalMar var den første norske produsenten som ble tildelt denne type utviklingstillatelse. Ocean Farm 1 – verdens første oppdrettsanlegg til havs – har nå ankommet Frohavet. Anlegget kan utgjøre de første stegene mot en ny æra innen havbruk. Ocean Farm 1 er utviklet ved hjelp av verdensledende norsk ekspertise innen fiskeoppdrett og offshore og skal brukes til å teste ut hvordan havbruk kan vokse på en bærekraftig måte. «Vi mener prosjektet kan være et viktig bidrag for å løse arealutfordringene i havbruksnæringen", skriver Direktoratet. Ifølge Fiskeridirektoratet, skal Ocean Farming investere 690 millioner kroner i pilotprosjektet. Hva som inkluderes i dette, opplyses ikke. SalMar opplyste ved sin fjerdekvartalspresentasjon at havmerden ville medføre investeringer på "rundt 600 millioner kroner". Etter endt prosjektperiode kan tillatelsene, etter visse kriterier, konverteres til ordinære tillatelser – mot et vederlag på 10 millioner kroner per tillatelse (KPI-justert).

SalMar ASA sin OF-Merd er utviklet i Norge, med bakgrunn i et tverrfaglig partnerskap mellom norske aktører med verdensledende ekspertise innen havbruk, offshore og relevant forskning. OF-anlegget er en konstruksjon med de samme grunnleggende egenskaper som halvt nedsenkbare installasjoner offshore og som samtidig ivaretar laksens biologiske behov. I utviklingen av tekniske løsninger er hele driftsmodellen vurdert, og nye tilnærminger til ulike operasjoner er utviklet. Ut over etablerte byggestandarder i havbruksnæringen er regelverk og byggestandarder fra offshoreindustrien tatt i bruk. Byggingen av merden skjedde ved CSIS-gruppen (The China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation) i Kina. I 2017 ble merden fraktet med båt fra Kina til lokaliteten Håbranden i Frøya kommune. Seilasen begynte i mai, og havmerden ankom Frøya i september i fjor 2017.

Planen er å starte slakting av fisken på lokaliteten i løpet av høsten 2019. Det første året 2018 har gått bra med hensyn til at vi ser en fin utvikling på tilvekst, fisken responderer godt og ser ut til å ha det veldig bra. Ervik opplyser at under normal drift ved havmerden så har det ikke vært behov for annet enn anløp av fôrbåt så langt, og at dette har fungert bra. I februar for to år siden fikk selskapet tilsagn om seks utviklingstillatelser for å teste ut sin havmerd. Etter cirka ett års produksjon så fisken ut til å ha det bra i merden. I september krenget merden, noe som førte til at laks klarte å rømme. Først når utviklingsløpet er fullført og vi kan dokumentere at målkriteriene er oppfylt og evaluering gjennomført, vil det være aktuelt å søke om konvertering, opplyser Ervik. Han sier at pilotfasen vil vare til konsesjonene er konvertert, noe selskapet vil ta stilling til å søke om når fisken som står på lokaliteten nå er utslaktet.

Giganten «Ocean Farm 1» blir liten sammenlignet med SalMars nye «Smart Fish Farm» havmerd som har en prislapp på 1,5 milliarder kroner og som har plass til tre millioner laks. Med også en diameter på 160 meter så vil altså SalMar ASA bygge en havfarm som er dobbelt så stor som «Ocean Farm 1».
«Smart Fish Farm» Konseptet er utviklet av det Stavanger-baserte selskapet Mariculture, hvor SalMar har kjøpt 51 prosent av aksjene. Selskapet har søkt om 16 utviklingstillatelser. «Smart Fish Farm» løsningen vil langt på vei kunne løse konfliktene om miljø og arealer som næringen møter i dag. Den vil kunne tåle bølgehøyder opp til 31 meters høyde. Det vil si at merden kan ligge langt ute i Norskehavet, og Salmar har startet et arbeid for å identifisere det området som miljømessig er best egnet for etableringen. Havmerden skal altså plasseres i Norskehavet utenfor trøndelagskysten.

Aquatraz ved nå NTS ASA (Midt-Norsk Havbruk AS)

Midt-Norsk Havbruk AS har ikke brukt lusemidler på tre år. Ny teknologi og systematisk arbeid skal ta selskapet inn i en fremtid der fisken får lov til å være i fred i merden. Aquatraz merden er en semi-lukket stålmerd som er utviklet av Seafarming Systems i Stavanger.
Aquatraz-merdene veier 500–600 tonn hver, og Pilotmerden har en omkrets på 160 m og er designet for å benyttes i eksisterende rammefortøyninger. MNH sin kontrakt bestilling er at Fosen Yard skal bygge ytterliggere tre Aquatraz pilotmerder til MNH-Produksjon. Aquatraz 1 altså Den første pilotmerden skulle leveres fra Fosen Yard i mai 2018. MNH-Produksjon er datterselskap av Midt-Norsk Havbruk, og ifølge en pressemelding har hele Aquatraz kontrakten med Fosen Yard en verdi på rundt 120 millioner kroner. Etter at Midt-Norsk Havbruks datterselskap MNH-Produksjon er tildelt fire utviklingstillatelser, må NTS ASA betale 200 millioner kroner mer for selskapet.
Det går frem av en 2017 børsmelding fra NTS, idet NTS den 19. april 2017 inngikk en avtale om erverv av samtlige aksjer i Midt-Norsk Havbruk. NTS ASA (tidligere Namsos Trafikkselskap), som eier brønnbåtsselskapet Norsk Fisketransport, inngikk avtalen om kjøp av samtlige aksjer i Midt-Norsk Havbruk. Eierne av Midt-Norsk Havbruk er største eier i NTS. Aquatraz svarer til forventningene – og mer enn det! Dette er den veldig korte konklusjonen til prosjektleder i Midt-Norsk Havbruk (MNH), Steingrim Holm. Fisken kom i merden i fjor høst 2018, og i slutten av mai 2019 ble den første fisken slaktet ut. Produksjonen har gått bedre enn de forventningene MNH hadde. Så langt synes det også som at dødeligheten ligger klart lavere enn hva tilfellet er i referansemerden – som for øvrig er utstyrt med lusekjørt. Med sin nye semilukkede stålmerd gjør Midt-Norsk Havbruk alt de kan for å redusere risikoen for rømning. I dette konseptet er det en helt annen tilnærming til den menneskelige faktoren og til noten, som gjør at vi reduserer rømningsrisikoen mye, sier MNH og understreker at de ikke har hatt noen rømninger hittil. Med Aquatraz hever de hele konstruksjonen under operasjoner som avlusing og tømming. Det er lite manuelt arbeid, eller kranarbeid, så det er med på å dra ned risikoen. Aguatraz Navnet på konstruksjonen spiller derfor på Alcatraz i USA. Hvilke forskjeller det er mellom Aquatraz og tradisjonelle merder får de imidlertid ikke vite før begge merdene er ferdig utslakta. Det MNH først og fremst får svar på med den prosessen her nå, er heving av konstruksjonen, trenging av laksen og det å få den trøkket over i brønnbåten og fram til slakteriet, og det ser veldig bra ut, sier MNH. Aqautraz er en «modernisering av grøntvedtmerden, og trolig sterkere, større og har bedre flyteevne». Ringen er 160 meter i omkrets og har en stiv flytering av stål på 2,5 meter. Den kunne vært bare 30 centimeter, men den har en funksjon der den fungerer som flyteenhet i en løfteprosess. Prinsippet den er bygd på, er den stige flyteringen. Under er en lukket stiv vegg på seks meter som hindrer inntrenging av lakselus. Under «stålskjørtet» er det en stålnetting som fører ned til en kon, sa Holand, ifølge pressemeldingen.
Videre opplyses det at det er fire søyler som har to funksjoner, vanninntak og løftesøyler. Vanninntaket vil kunne ta inn tilnærmet lusefritt vann fra de seks øverste meterne. Vannet vil bli satt i en sirkulær bevegelse. Aquatraz-merden fungerer også uten strøm, og som de tradisjonelle merdene renner vannet rett gjennom, sa Holand. Løftesøylene løfter og presser fisken «naturlig ned mot kanalen hvor fisken pumpes ut». Merden er tenkt tømt fra bønnen. Konseptet skal bedre dagens fiskehelse, blant annet ved å holde fisken i bevegelse i øvre del av merden hvor den ifølge meldingen er bedre strømning- og svømmeforhold.

Midt-Norsk Havbruk har i dag ti ordinære lakseoppdrettskonsesjoner og to FOU-konsesjoner, en forventet produksjon i 2017 på ca 15.000 tonn (gwe) og kontroll på hele verdikjeden for laks med eierskap i smoltanlegg, rensefiskproduksjon og videreforedlingsanlegg/salg. Videre har selskapet i 2017 investert i Fiskeldi Austfjarda HF (14,83 % - eierandel) som er et oppdrettsselskap på Island under oppbygging og med forventning om sterk vekst fremover. Midt-Norsk Havbruk bruker allerede velferdsindikatorene gjennom Fishwell-prosjektet. MNH har tatt i bruk indikatorene som er utarbeidet gjennom Fishwell-prosjektet. Det gjør MNH i sin storskala produksjon av triploid laks, sier veterinær Torolf Storsul i Midt-Norsk Havbruk. Kombinasjonen NTS - Midt-Norsk Havbruk skaper et sterkt finansielt og operasjonelt havbrukskonsern med gode muligheter for vekst innenfor både oppdrett, transport- og servicetjenester, sier administrerende direktør i NTS, Harry Bøe. Ved gjennomføring av transaksjonen med MNH befester NTS sin posisjon og integrerer dagens virksomhet i en verdikjede som også inkluderer oppdrett av laks. Det kombinerte selskapet har som ambisjon å øke effektiviteten og redusere produksjonskostnader og biologisk risiko gjennom en fullintegrert produksjonsmodell. Selskapet vil samtidig være godt posisjonert for videre konsolidering innenfor både oppdrett, transport- og servicetjenester. Eierne har store ambisjoner for det fullintegrerte havbrukskonsernet, både langs Norskekysten og i utlandet.
– Sammenslåingen vil gjøre det mulig å realisere viktige prosjekter raskere. Både MNH og NTS har allerede engasjementer på Island. Fra slutten av april vil NTS også ha sin første brønnbåt i engasjement i Canada, sier administrerende direktør Harry Bøe i NTS i en pressemelding.
– Vi etablerer nå et konkurransekraftig og fleksibelt alternativ til oppdrettsgigantene i Norge.

Havfarming ved Nordlaks ASA

Høsten 2018 er Nordlaks den store vinneren når det gjelder utviklingstillatelser, idet Nordlaks har alene fått ikke langt unna halvparten av utviklingstillatelsene, så mange som 21 av 53 tillatelser som er tildelt. Nærings- og fiskeridepartementet (NFD) har vedtatt å gi Nordlaks totalt 21 utviklingstillatelser for å utvikle havfarm nummer en og nummer tre. Havfarmen konseptet har myndighetene sagt ja til, i tillegg til taket på hvor mye laks selskapet får lov til å produsere. Hver av de to Havfarmene blir dimensjonert for 10.000 tonn laks, det vil si maksimalt 13 tillatelser. Hver utviklingstillatelse er på 780 tonn - det samme som en standard laksekonsesjon.
Havfarmen nummer 1 skal hete «Jostein Albert» , og Havfarmen er 385 meter lang og 59,5 meter bred. Vekten har økt betydelig fra opprinnelig plan idet det går med 33.000 tonn stål til å bygge den - noe som er 11.000 tonn mer enn opprinnelig planlagt. Prislappen på hver av Havfarmen installasjonene blir på 1 milliard kroner. Selskapet vil ikke være mer presis nå. I tillegg kommer der 2-3 milliarder kroner til investeringer i utvidelse av Nordlaks' settefisk-anlegg på Innhavet i Hamarøy, utvidelse av slakteriet på Børøya ved Stokmarknes i Vesterålen der selskapet har hovedkvarter, og bygging av ny brønnbåt. Brønnbåten blir den første i verden i sitt slag når den leveres i 2020. Den blir en hybrid som vil gå på strøm og LNG-gass. Med denne innovasjonen skal Nordlaks flytte den siste og mest intensive delen av laksens vekstfase ut av fjordene. Nordlaks ønsker at avstanden til nærmeste lakseanlegg skal være minst 10 kilometer mot 2,5 kilometer som er Mattilsynets anbefalte minsteavstand i dag. Havfarmen skal plasseres i områder som ikke kan utnyttes til oppdrett med dagens tilgjengelige teknologi. Dette er mer eksponerte havområder med komplekse vind-, strøm- og bølgeforhold, og større dyp. Hensikten med den nye teknologien er forbedring når det gjelder miljømessige, fiskevelferdsmessige og produksjonsmessige betingelser. Sommeren 2020 skal Havfarmen fortøyes på svai sørvest for Hadseløya i Vesterålen, ut mot åpent hav. Første fisken skal settes inn juni 2020. I sør reiser Lofotveggen seg og i nord ligger Bø kommune, og dette havstykket har hittil vært umulig å bruke til lakseoppdrett fordi det ligger så værutsatt til.
Konsernhovedkvarteret ligger i på den lille Børøya, som er forbundet med Hadseløya med bru.
Produksjonen av laks blir tredelt. For det første skal smolt-størrelsen økes. Fisken skal så gå i et tradisjonelt oppdrettsanlegg i fire til ti måneder, til den blir ett til ett-og-et-halvt kilo. Deretter blir den overført til Havfarmen, hvor den skal være inntil den når slaktevekt på rundt 5 kilo. Det betyr normalt omtrent 10 måneder.
- Det er flere grunner til at produksjonen planlegges slik. Stor fisk er mer robust, slik at den vil tåle utsatte lokaliteter bedre. Slik vekselbruk gjør også at vi kan brakklegge de tradisjonelle anleggene hyppigere enn før. I dag driftes tradisjonelle lokaliteter i inntil to år før brakklegging. Hyppigere brakklegging vil være enda et verktøy i verktøykassen for forebygging mot lakselus

Prosjekt Havfarm startet våren 2015, og er et samarbeid mellom Nordlaks og NSK Ship Design i Harstad. På planleggingsstadiet fins så langt Havfarmen i to utgaver: en stasjonær og en såkalt «dynamisk».
Den første Havfarmen, som ovenfra ser ut som et skip eller fartøy, er 385 meter lang og nesten 60 meter brei. Oppdrettsnøtene vil stikke nesten 56 meter ned i havet.
Myndighetene ga delvis tilsagn til den stasjonære allerede før jul i 2016. Der er utviklingen kommet lengst. Kontrakter med underleverandører av utstyr begynner nå å komme på plass.
I februar 2018 gikk byggekontrakten til et kinesisk verft, CIMC Raffles i byen Yantai som ligger ved Gulehavet. Verftet har god framdrift, og har den siste tida også jobbet med å få på plass avtaler med underleverandører. Den siste i så måte er Rolls-Royce Marine, som skal levere thrustere for å sirkulere vann i mærene. Selve byggingen av den stasjonære Havfarmen starter i november 2019 når de første stålplatene skjæres til. Havfarmen bygges i tre megablokker, som skal settes sammen i vinter 2020. Nordlaks' første havfarm bygges for tiden ved CIMC Raffles i Kina. Den skal altså ferdigstilles i vinter 2020, fraktes til Norge til våren, og kobles til lokaliteten utenfor Melbu i Nordland i mai 2020.
Den andre typen Havfarm er den «dynamiske». Den er ennå bare på designplanet. Nordlaks ønsker å legge den på sørsida av Vestfjorden i Nordland, på forskjellige steder i Hamarøy kommune. Man er nå i ferd med å samle inn vær- og bølgedata.Søknaden om lokalisering er ennå ikke sendt til kommunen. Forskjellen på de to Havfarmene er at den dynamiske kan flyttes, mens den stasjonære vil ligge fast på ett sted. Erfaringer fra prosessen så langt med den første vil komme godt med når man skal designe og etter hvert bygge den andre, sier Martinussen.

Aquastorm ved Mowi ASA

I det første Aquastorm-prosjektet skal anleggene plasseres opptil 12 kilometer fra kysten. Med teknologien selskapet vil benytte, vil det derimot være teoretisk mulig å etablere slike anlegg opp mot 100 km fra land. Med seg i prosjektet har Mowi en rekke ledende teknologiaktører fra subsea- og oljenæringen. I tillegg til Nofima og Sintef som FoU-partnere, har Mowi også med Aqualine, Kongsberg, ABB og Stellarman på laget. Mowi ønsker at prosjektet skal gjennomføres i Roan kommune i Trøndelag, og det er anslått at prosjektet kan tilføre minst 60 nye arbeidsplasser og betydelige ringvirkninger for regionen. Søknaden til Mowi behandles nå av Fiskeridirektoratet, og det er ventet en avklaring på søknaden i løpet av de kommende månedene.

Mowi har ventet på patentsvar, og Ifølge NRK, som omtalte saken først, innebærer prosjektet investeringer på 3,1 milliarder kroner, og betydelige beløp er brukt på prosjektering og planlegging allerede. Selskapet har blant annet ventet svar på patentsøknader før de ville gå ut offentlig å presentere prosjektet.
Merdene vil i utgangspunktet holdes 15 meter under havoverflaten, og vil kunne senkes ned mot minst 50 meter dersom værforholdene krever det. Anleggene vil være tilknyttet en sentral på land, som via en fordeler på havbunnen, sørger for fjernstyring av fôring, luft, lys, strøm og signaler. Dette gjøres gjennom rørledninger og kabler som strekker seg fra land til anleggene. Fôrspill og avfall vil også hentes tilbake til landanlegget for behandling via de samme rørledningene. Anleggene vil være autonome og uten bemanning under vanlig drift.
- Dette konseptet er fullt automatisert, og alt vil overvåkes fra et kontrollsenter på land. Der vil vi ha full kontroll på hvordan fisken har det, at den får mat og at all teknologien fungerer som den skal.

Rømninger - Handlingsplan og tiltak

Visjonen er null rømte laks, og sammen skal vi jobbe enda tøffere for å få ned tallet på laks som rømmer, sier Nesvik. OppdrettsNæringen har også jobbet godt med dette de siste ti årene, men så lenge det fortsatt rømmer fisk er det ikke godt nok. Rømmingsproblemene i oppdrettsnæringen er i 2019 igjen på agendaen til Fiskeri- og sjømatminister, Sjømat Norge, Sjømatbedriftene, Kystrederiene og Norsk Industri. Til syvende og sist er det oppdretternes ansvar å sørge for at fisken holder seg inne i merden, sier fiskeri- og sjømatministeren. Sjømatbedriftene har allerede kommet med fire konkrete tiltak de mener kan få bedre kontroll på fiske, slik at man kan unngå rømminger. Et av tiltakene innebærer at selskaper med gjentatte rømminger de to siste årene, ikke skal tilbys vekst. Nå vil jeg se handling fra næringen, og har bedt organisasjonene om å komme med konkrete tiltak innen én uke. Da vil jeg ha svar på hvilke tiltak de mener vil få ned antall rømmingshendelser og som kan iverksettes raskt, sier Nesvik. Myndighetene bruker store ressurser på å føre tilsyn, og regjeringen har økt midlene for overvåkning av rømt fisk i elver. I 2017 ble det dessuten innført en ny strategi mot rømming, med fem prioriterte områder: Kunnskap, erfaringsformidling og dialog, sterk sikkerhetskultur, effektive sikkerhetsregler og faglig beredskap. I tillegg jobber Fiskeridirektoratet for å avdekke årsakene til alle rømminger.
Muligheten for at det har rømt laks vurderes normalt i senere år til å være svært liten. Lokalitetene gjennomfører likevel kontrollfiske i en periode avtalt med Fiskeridirektoratet. 2017 representerte et bunnår med rekordlave 22.409 rømninger fra norske oppdrettsanlegg. De to siste årene 2018-2019 har tallet imidlertid økt kraftig. En unormal rømningshendelse var slik som her. En operatør på Lerøy Midt sitt tilvekstsenter på Hitra observerte en makrellstørje inne i en av merdene på lokalitet Kjørsvikgrunnen. Det ble umiddelbart satt i verk tiltak i henhold til beredskapsplanen med utsett av gjenfangstgarn og tilkalling av dykker. Dialog skal ha blitt opprettet med Fiskeridirektoratet gjennom varslingstjenesten. Det spesielle nå er at
2019 ligger an til å bli året med flest rømminger siden 2011, altså en bratt økning fra senere års konstant fallende trend, med nærmere 300.000 laks på rømmen i 2019 og mer enn 30 hendelser.
Mye tyder dermed på at 2019 blir året med flest oppdrettsrømninger siden 2011. Det er særlig en rømningshendelse fra et settefiskanlegg i sommer (Fjordsmolt, red. anm.) som trekker opp tallene i år. Her rømte det 203 000 fisk, hvorav 105 000 er gjenfanget. I tillegg er antall hendelser med rømming noe høyere enn på samme tid i 2018. I 2018 ble det registrert over 160.000 lakserømninger, og per september i 2019 er det rømt mer laks enn de to foregående årene til sammen. I midten av september hadde Fiskeridirektoratet mottatt 33 rapporter om rømningshendelser fra oppdrettere på om lag 280.000 laks og 2000 regnbueørret. Særlig de siste månedene i 2019 har vært preget av flere store enkelthendelser.

After conducting a blind taste test of farmed and wild salmon in 2013, the Washington Post reported the farmed fish won “hands down.’‘ The top-rated fish product Atlantic salmon from Norway came from Costco and Trader Joe’s retail stores who identified it but did not disclose the fish suppliers.

«Nama Salmon» !!! , Norway’s Selling of Sustainable Salmon.

NORWAY’S POWER POLITICS

THE SEAFOOD NORWAY INSTITUTION
The well reputed institution Seafood Norway (Sjømat Norge) has revealed the country aims to double the value of its seafood exports by 2040, by taking measures to speed up the rate at which it is growing. Kindly see full story below !!

NORWEGIAN SEAFOOD COUNCIL
The Norwegian Seafood Council works together with the Norwegian fisheries and aquaculture industry to develop markets for Norwegian seafood.
https://en.seafood.no/about-norwegian-seafood-council/about-us/
The Norwegian Seafood Council (NSC) aims to increase the value of Norwegian seafood resources. We do this through market insights, market development, market risk management and reputational risk management in select markets around the world. the norwegian seafood council (NSC) is a public company owned by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries. NSC is the approval authority for Norwegian seafood exporters. The Council also acts as an advisor for the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries in affairs concerning seafood exports and trade. NSC core activities are Marketing, Market insight, and Communication and Market risk Management. The Norwegian seafood industry finances the activities of the Council through fees levied on all exports of Norwegian seafood. The head office is located in Tromsø, Norway.

To increase demand for our seafood and to boost its reputation, the Norwegian Seafood Council develops hundreds of promotional campaigns in key markets.
Our role is to develop activities each year, including distributing information, conducting studies, monitoring markets and advertising to promote Norwegian seafood overseas, while researching and developing insight and new routes to market. Drive in-store sales of sustainably wild-caught and ocean-farmed Norwegian Seafood—one of consumers’ most trusted seafood sources—with custom point-of-sale materials touting that you carry premium seafood from the cold, clear waters of Norway.
Concerning Norwegian Seafood Retail Programs : The Norwegian Seafood Council is here to lend retail support—whether it’s back-of-house training to educate your staff on premium Norwegian Seafood or a hard-hitting demo program to drive awareness of the product and ease-of-use at home. Promote Norwegian Seafood sales in your retails stores with custom, co-branded programs.
https://fromnorway.com/en-us/norwegian-seafood-council/Norwegian-Seafood-Retail-Programs/
Concerning Norwegian Seafood Wholesalers and Distributors: The Norwegian Seafood Council is here to help distributors and wholesalers drive sales. From back-of-house training to educate your staff on premium Norwegian Seafood to front-of-house materials to proudly call attention to the origin of the seafood you’re serving, we’re here to create customizable programs to support your sales. See how the Norwegian Seafood Council supports our wholesalers and distributors.
https://fromnorway.com/en-us/norwegian-seafood-council/Norwegian-seafood-wholesalers-and-distributors/

SJØMATBEDRIFTENE

The commercial industry association or trade organisation if you like that’s named Sjømatbedriftene (Seafood Companies) , is a nationwide, politicslly independent trade organisation that represents all parts of the commercial Seafood industry from production to sales. It’s mission is to develop the Seafood industries in a societal responsible and environmentally sustainable way (Ref CSR & Sustainability). At the same time the trade organisation deals the interests of it’s company members - both on Commerce politics, Financially, Professionally and Socially. Sjømatbedriftene was established in 1995, and today it has 120 company members, and it’s headquarters is in Trondheim city. It’s members meet frequently during the year. It’s Committee for the Farming industry and Exports represent Fish-Farm Companies and Export Companies from all sectors of the Farming Industry. The tasks of this Committee are for all relevant matters present the applicable needs of it’s members to the public authorities. It’s tasks are moreover to act as a great liason connection between it’s members and the public authorities the research institutions and public departments.

SJØMATHUSET

The primary goal is clearly stated by both partners in the rather huge Norwegian joint venture company named Sjømathuset AS : To increase the Seafood consumption of Norway’s population! Sjømathuset expected a total volume of 45 million seafood meals in 2014, and the company had then 111 employees and a total sales revenue of NOK 450 million. The capacity of the company is 8 – 10 000 tons of fish and 20 million pieces of sushi. Sjømathuset is Norway’s largest and the most innovative factory plant for fresh fish and seafood, and it’s located in Oslo. It distributes and delivers supermarket packages of seafood and sushi products to all stores within Norgesgruppen AS throughout Norway, and in addition it delivers loose weight seafood products all over the East region of Norway (Southern Norway) ! Today the Sjømathuset markets fresh seafood of highest market quality and industry standards in supermarket chains and smaller stores in entire Norway ! This is hence established since 2006 through the expansive cooperation between the Lerøy Seafood Group ASA and the Norgesgruppen ASA. With Sjømathuset AS one is for the very first time concentrating readypacked fish products, loose weight seafood products and sushi products in one giant factory plant, in also Europe’s most modern equipped and complete factory plant for fresh distributed Seafood products. Never before in Norway that large quantities of fresh Seafood have been processed, packaged and distributed from one and only factory plant ! Everything from cod loins to salmon portions sushi portions lobster and crab claws are found now in the Seafood deli counter in the supermarket chains. The well assorted seafood deli counters of the MENY chain of Norgesgruppen ASA gets a top notch competitive edge by Sjømathuset AS this way. Also this way of ready packed fish and seafood the MENY obtains a broader and much fresher assortment delivered to all of it’s customers.

THE NORWEGIAN FISHERMENS SALES ORGANIZATION
The Norwegian seafood industry is one of the country’s largest and most important export industries. The industry has a proud history and a fantastic future. The Norwegian Fishermen’s Sales Organization (Norges Råfisklag) is an important part of this success story. The organization handles important national functions within the trade of seafood, and works to safeguard fishermen’s incomes and contribute to a sustainable and profitable growth in the Norwegian fishing industry. Norges Råfisklag is the fishermen’s own sales organization and it operates a well-functioning and modern marketplace for sustainable, wild-caught Norwegian seafood. The organization organizes and arranges the sale of codfish, shellfish and molluscs landed along the Norwegian coast from Nordmøre in the southwest to Finnmark in the northeast. The most important species are cod, coalfish, haddock and shrimps/ prawns. Fishing is carried out along the Norwegian coast. 600 metric tons.

Dep. of Aquaculture, Seafood and Markets @Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs

The Department of Aquaculture, Seafood and Markets is responsible for the regulatory framework for and constraints and supervision of the aquaculture industry, including fish health and environmental sustainability. Safe and healthy seafood falls under the department’s ambit of responsibility, as well as monitoring of sea- food products throughout the entire production chain, including fish feed.
Another integral area of responsibility is trade policy and market access, at the global (WTO), European (EU- EEA) and regional/bilateral level (EFTA). The department bases its work on the value chain “from fjord to fork” (Norwegian seafood products) and helps to create value-add through joint marketing with funding from the industry, administered by the Norwegian Seafood Export Council.
The department is responsible for following up on the legislation and regulatory framework; the Aquaculture Act, the act relating to the export of fish and fish products, the Food Act, and the act relating to animal welfare where it applies to seafood and aquaculture.

The Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs has the responsibility of providing for sustainable and profitable management of the marine resources and environment.
The Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs is responsible for fairways, con- ventional as well as electronic aids to navigation, pilot- age services and governmental pollution preparedness and response. The fisheries and aquaculture industry is one of the most important export industries in Norway, and is of great importance to the coastal communities. Suitable fishing ports are important for value creation in the industry, and the Ministry endeavours to further develop these ports.

2018 : Norway aims to double seafood sector export value by 2040

The well reputed institution Seafood Norway (Sjømat Norge) has revealed the country aims to double the value of its seafood exports by 2040, by taking measures to speed up the rate at which it is growing. Seafood Norway has laid out the country's new scheme, which calls for a change of pace in how quickly the sector grows. The "blue change of pace" scheme proposes that Norway can reach an export value of NOK 750 billion ($90bn) by 2040, and create 300,000 new jobs by 2030, if challenges are addressed and the regulatory and tax regimes are "sensible". "Our main message is related to the vision and ambition of a blue change of tactics, where a responsible budget and a tax facility that prize those who create values and jobs must be fundamental. Seafood Norway has expressed concern about the outcome of the ongoing processes initiated to investigate a special tax on aquaculture and the assessment of resource interest rates in fisheries."

“Seafood has transformed from a primary industry to a high-tech brand industry. It provides increased food production, many more jobs, large tax revenues and more value creation from fishing boats and aquaculture sites. But if we are to succeed in our common growth ambitions, we need to change our pace -- both in the industry, and in the government." Through the "common seafood strategy 2030", Norway's industry is working to ensure sustainable growth by addressing the challenges associated with sea lice, escapes, feed, and animal welfare, it said.
"Fisheries must remain within stipulated quotas and made available to the Norwegian seafood industry. We can and should do too much more of the processing ourselves and we must create an industry of technology and service companies with the world as a market, as the oil industry has done before us."
"We will also create completely new industries in feed, health and biotechnology based on raw materials we are not using today. This is really taking the whole coast and all landings into use." It warned against any new tax measures which might weaken the marine industries.

Selling Sustainable Salmon Products

“Sustainable” has become the buzz world in salmon markets these days. “Everyday fresh fish is flown to Miami and Dallas where we package and ship it across the country,” Marine Harvest USA brags. “Our strategic plant locations enable us to ship fresh, never frozen fish anywhere in the US.”

Norway’s Marine Harvest produces close to 400,000 metric tons of Atlantic salmon per year at farms in Europe and South America, and touts its efforts to do so as environmentally friendly.
“Impact on the environment is a key concern in all Marine Harvest’s activities,” the company says on its website. “Since 2008, Marine Harvest Group has worked with the World Wildlife Fund-Norway to strengthen its focus on sustainable aquaculture and to help shape and improve the whole industry’s environmental standards.”

Atlantic Sapphire, another Norwegian company,  is now trying to one-up Marine Harvest in the freshness game. It is building a $130 million land-based salmon farm in Florida from which it will be able to pull fresh fish to be shipped almost anywhere in the U.S. in a matter of hours. Meanwhile, a former Marine Harvest executive is helping to build land-based salmon farms in China, a market coveted by Alaska fishermen, and the Japanese are plunging into land-based salmon farming with hopes of overtaking the monstrous production of Norway. 

SALMAR OFFSHORE FISH FARMING : A new era in fish farming !

Ocean Farm 1 – the world’s first offshore fish farm – has now arrived at Frohavet. It may represent the first step towards a new era in aquaculture. Based on world-class Norwegian aquaculture and offshore technology, Ocean Farm 1 aspires to address central issues related to sustainable growth in the aquaculture industry. As a full-scale pilot facility, Ocean Farm 1 is designed to test out both the biological as well as the technological aspects of offshore fish farming. The objective is to spur new technology concepts that can ensure sufficient growth whilst also ensuring environmental sustainability. The Ocean Farm project is an answer to this the challenge, and SalMar was the first seafood producer in Norway to be awarded this type of development license. Behind the project is a unique interdisciplinary partnership between world-leading players in Norway within aquaculture, offshore and research. Aiming to reduce environmental footprints, improve fish welfare and answer acreage challenges, the learning and new solutions from the project could represent a new era in sustainable seafood production – and is potentially adaptable world wide. SalMar’s Vision: In 2014, to reinforce our focus on the elements that have made SalMar the company it is today, we have adopted a new vision that will henceforth guide our steps: "Passion for Salmon" The company behind Ocean Farm 1 is Ocean Farming AS, a subsidiary of the SalMar Group. Ocean Farming was established specifically to develop an offshore fish farming capability. Key dimensions Ocean Farm 1: Height: 68 Diameter: 110 m Volume: 250,000 m3

NEW SEAFOOD CARGO TERMINAL TO OPEN AT OSLO AIRPORT

Avinor and the Norwegian Seafood Federation have announced a feasibility study for a world-leading 17,000 square meter export facility designed around the needs of seafood exporters. The new facility will be fully automatic. It is expected to be in operation by 2020 and handle 250,000 metric tons of seafood annually. By 2020, routes from Oslo will be even more profitable. A world-leading air cargo facility will maximize the potential of seafood in the belly. 600 metric tons of airfreighted seafood leaves for the North America and Asia markets. The current seafood export is expected to double within 2025. Norway dominates the Nordic air cargo market, originating half of all air freight in the region. As seafood is one of the leading drivers for air cargo traffic, Avinor is now partnering with exporters to build a new world-leading seafood air cargo facility. Norway is a severely underserved air cargo market. The lack of direct belly and freighter capacity remains a challenge for Norwegian exporters. For example, only 35% of Norwegian seafood exports are flown directly out of Norway by air. The rest, often bound for Asia, Africa and North America, is trucked down to continental Europe to find available outbound air cargo capacity.

More growth in Norwegian air cargo volume is expected in the future, driven by the highly developed seafood sector in Norway. The world’s largest seafood companies are based in Norway, making it the leading global centre for aquaculture and fishery innovation. “Seafood is an ideal air cargo commodity”, says Langaas, “It generates huge and steady volumes of highly perishable cargo, with little or no seasonal variation”. A strategic approach to market development is important in building a case for cargo routes, according to Aandahl. In many markets, the typical pattern is that initially the seafood import are mostly frozen products. As the distribution and retail infrastructure develops, then exports of fresh seafood take off. Here, the Seafood Council is ready and able to help with airlines. “We are active in food industry events where importers and exporters meet,” he says. “So we have the marketing presence, infrastructure and insights, to support airlines with their entry into new seafood cargo markets.”

In some product areas, the projections are staggering. Perhaps nowhere is the expected growth more dramatic than in Norwegian salmon, which is already the largest air cargo commodity in Europe. Yet, salmon exports from Norway are expected to grow by 500% during the next 20 years. “Salmon requires the shortest transit times, which favours direct air services from Avinor Oslo Airport, our main national air hub in Norway,” says Langaas. According to analyst Paul Aandahl of the Norwegian Seafood council, salmon prices are rising steeply, which means the strongest demand for airfreight capacity for salmon right now are higher income regions. “We see a huge growth in the places like the USA, Saudi Arabia, Iran and South East Asian countries such as like Malaysia and South Korea. In the longer term, India also has huge potential,” says Aandahl.

Salmon boom and Broad growth in seafood exports

Aquaculture, mainly salmon, accounts for 72% of the export value. Salmon has the largest share of any species measured in terms of both export volume and export value. Norway has exported 1.1 million tonnes of salmon worth NOK 67.8 billion in 2018. This is a volume increase of 5 per cent, and an increase in value of NOK 3.2 billion or 5 per cent from 2017. Increased demand for Norwegian salmon in the EU market has contributed to Norwegian salmon exports to the EU exceeding 73 per cent, up from 71 per cent in 2017.

In 2018, record export values were measured for salmon, cod, saithe and king crab. King Crab from the Barents Sea is one of the most lucrative products. Data from the Norwegian seafood council shows that Norway has also exported NOK 10.3 billion (€1.14 billion) worth of cod, saithe, haddock and other deep sea fish during the first 9 months of 2016. This is an increase of 9 % over the same period last year. “The growth is mainly due to increased volumes of fresh and frozen products”, says Ingrid Kristine Pettersen, also an analyst with the Norwegian Seafood Council. Other seafood exports from Norway include shellfish, such as crab, mussels and coldwater prawns. Crab, in particular, has been a breakout product in 2016. Total crab exports from Norway of NOK 731 million (€80.9 million) were recorded by September 2016, an increase of 89 per cent over the same period last year.

The Norwegian campaign behind Japan's love of salmon sushi

In a 2017 survey by the seafood company Maruha Nichiro, the Salmon fish was found to be the most popular neta (topping) for the sixth year in a row, ranked far higher than the more traditional tuna and halibut. So swift has been salmon’s success that there is a stark generational divide when it comes to which neta is preferred. Many older Japanese start with lean white fish and work their way up to tuna, while younger generations prefer salmon. But salmon is a relatively new addition to the sushi menu making its rise to popularity remarkable, a story that is both an allegory of shifting taste trends across Japanese demographics and the opening of one of Japan’s most iconic cuisines, sushi, to the world. Behind salmon’s rise to popularity is the lesser-known story of a carefully executed Norwegian marketing campaign: Project Japan. “We set out to ‘inject’ Norwegian salmon into Japanese sushi,” says Bjorn Eirik Olsen who, in the late 1980s, was responsible for market research for Project Japan. He is now the general director of the Culture Business Development Foundation based in Tromso, Norway. “20 years ago was when everything changed,” says Hideki Koike, the head chef at Masukomi Sushi Bar in Yurakucho, Tokyo. “There are still some restaurants without salmon,” he says. “But the demand is too great. You just have to serve it.” Look at the menu of any sushi shop in Japan today and you will almost certainly see salmon: fatty, tender and bright orange. For fish that is farmed halfway across the world, “the most important thing for the Japanese consumer is the freshness,” “For raw salmon, you want to have an extra high fat content,” says Keita Koido, the President of Leroy Japan. Looking to maximize the salmon’s fattiness, Leroy looked north of the Arctic Circle. That far north, “there’s clean, cold water and a stable temperature throughout the year,” Koido says. The cold weather makes the fish grow more slowly, and brings more fat into the meat.

Norway’s Leroy, the second largest salmon and trout farming company in the world

Every week Leroy, with a market share of upward of 20 percent, sends three full flights of Norwegian salmon to various airports across the country of Japan. However, It was not until 2007 that Leroy soft launched a product aimed specifically at the Japanese consumer: Aurora Salmon. The demand at that time became so extreme that, in Norway, the industry suddenly had to play catch-up. “It took 10 years for the Japanese market to take off, but 20 years before the industry understood what was happening,” Olsen says. The industry wanted one standardized product that could be sold in Japan as easily as it could in Denmark. “Raw salmon was seen as a curiosity,” he says. “No-one was going to put extra resources into the Japanese market.” In the 1990s, the Japanese cooking show “Iron Chef” and enterprising celebrity chefs like Yutaka Ishinabe began endorsing Norwegian salmon on national television. With its dewy, smooth texture and tasty fat, salmon began to catch on and people began to demand the Atlantic fish in restaurants across the country. With raw salmon now on the market for consumption, the ball began rolling.

Retail buyer: Norwegians spending more on fresh seafood, Japan disliked Salmon.

Worldwide preference for purchasing Norwegian fish/seafood instead of other fish/species rose from 47% to 50% in 2015. And with 38% of U.S. seafood consumers agreeing that origin matters—especially when it comes to the quality of the products they are purchasing1—you can’t afford to miss out on high-quality retail programs tailored to your customers’ tastes.

Norwegian Salmon, Safe to Consume Raw: Exempt from the freezing requirement for fish (U.S. Food Code section 3-402.11) because it is an aquaculture fish, raised in net pens in open water and fed formulated feed. Norwegian Salmon are sustainably raised and cared for under strict, nationally regulated. Sustainably farmed Norwegian Salmon delivers a clean taste and texture that comes from a slow, natural growth process and exceptional regulations to ensure safety. Norwegian ocean-farmed salmon are raised in pens in the cold, clear waters of Norway. Learn more about Norwegian Salmon, farmed by the world’s foremost and most-innovative aquaculture industry. Origin: The cold, clear waters of Norway Availability: Year-round. Taste and Texture: Moist, flaky meat, Clean, fresh-tasting, Bright orange color and beautiful white lines, Smell should be sweet and ocean-like—never fishy. All-Natural Diet: Norwegian Salmon are fed an all-natural diet composed of both vegetable and marine raw material, such as fish oil and fish meal from wild fish, plus vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Strict Regulations: Raised and cared for under strict Norwegian regulation throughout the production chain to ensure food safety. No Antibiotics: Due to new disease-fighting techniques and preventive measures, the use of antibiotics is currently approaching zero. No Color Added: Flesh color comes from diet supplements that are similar to vitamins. See more on https://youtu.be/2UJtfGhcR5c

Moreover seafood exports are riding on significant global megatrends. The world’s population is growing, particularly in countries where people’s living standards are improving. This is increasing the demand for food commodities, especially proteins such as seafood. As it turns out, seafood is a highly affordable and environmentally sustainable source of protein. Clearly, Norway’s ocean fishing and fish farming sector is in prime position to export even more of its products in the long term. Within 2030, the world needs to produce 70% more food, and we need to do so using less resources and with a minimal environmental footprint. While oceans cover more than two thirds of the world’s surface, only 2% of the food energy for human consumption comes from the sea. Producing animal protein from aquaculture takes less resources and is friendlier to the climate compared to livestock. Since traditional fisheries are almost fully exploited, increased aquaculture production needs to play a major part in efforts to feed future generations.

Earlier Japan just wasn’t quite ready for raw salmon. The complaints from chefs and seafood representatives included just about everything. “They’d say the meat had the wrong color,” Olsen says. The smell had a “river-like” quality to it that was unsuitable for sushi, or the taste wasn’t right or the head was the wrong shape, people told Olsen. Yet raw salmon had been considered a delicacy at the Norwegian Embassy in Tokyo for years, and Japanese visitors to the embassy seemed to enjoy it. The problem was not with the fish, Olsen concluded, but with people’s conceptions of salmon. And so Olsen set out to differentiate Atlantic salmon from Pacific salmon, starting with the name. The Japanese word for salmon is sake, like the alcohol but with stress added on the first syllable. Olsen instead turned to English, and decided to use the katakana “sāmon,” the name now used in virtually every Japanese sushi restaurant. “There was a lot of pressure to give up,” he says. Many in the salmon farming industry pushed for him to let his sushi ambition go and sell the fish to the cheaper grill market, where buyers were lining up. Olsen reisisted and, in 1992, he got lucky. A company he had been dealing with for years, Nichirei, took him up on an offer to buy 5,000 metric tons of salmon for next to nothing. The only condition was that it could only be sold as sushi. “If we could just get people to try it,” Olsen says, “I knew it would be a success.” Olsen reflects back on the moment he realized his marketing campaign had been a success. “The moment I knew salmon sushi had caught on,” Olsen says, “was when I went to Tokyo and suddenly saw small plastic salmon sushi in shop windows.”

Taste the Norwegian Difference, Experience Seafood from the Cold Clear Waters

Fresh Seafood Sales Sales jumped nearly 20% at Norwegian grocery stores in 2014.
Fresh fish sales at Norway's retailers continued to take off last year, with a 27 percent increase year-on-year, Vidar Olsen, category manager at Norgesgruppen, told IntraFish. The rise in use of organic food has been an important political target in Norway, and in the last few years sustainable food consumption has gotten a big breakthrough. A SUSTAINABLE VALUE CHAIN ! NorgesGruppen and MENY will contribute to improve public health. Our customers must be able to trust that the products they buy are of the right quality, and are produced in conditions which protect people, animals and the environment.

Moreover did you know that, on average, Nor­wegians switch between just ten different dinners? Seven out of ten Norwegian households gather to eat dinner together on a daily basis, but many of them would like greater variation in their dinner menus, and would also like to share a meal more often. This is shown by a survey of Norwe­gian dinner habits commissioned by MENY. Lack of time, old habits, lack of planning and the need for security are the back­ ground to the demand for quick, healthy and tasty ready­prepared dinners. This has been a trend in Europe and the USA for some time, and which is now affecting Norwegian stores. Many of us eat more healthily, but a large proportion do not follow the dietary recommendations.

Start of commercial salmon farming

In the 1970s, Norway began commercial salmon farming but, with decreasing seafood consumption at home, salmon was soon filling industrial freezers across the country. By the late 1980s, Norway was in desperate need of a new market for its fish. Japan, meanwhile, had been overfishing its waters to meet high consumption and, with Japanese fishermen told to remain within their exclusive economic zones by the United Nations, Japan began opening up its once nearly self-sufficient seafood industry to foreign suppliers. The country stood out as an ideal market for Norwegian salmon. When Olsen landed in Tokyo in 1986, he took one look at Japanese seafood consumption habits and knew his target market.
“We had to target the raw consumption market,” he says. Fish in Japan aimed for the grill market was cheap and plentiful, but fish meant for sushi or sashimi could be priced up to 10 times higher. This was no easy task, however, and breaking into the raw fish market proved far more formidable than anticipated. When Olsen introduced Norwegian salmon to representatives from the Japanese seafood industry, he says it was met with a uniform response: “We don’t eat salmon in Japan.” Farmed Atlantic salmon, in contrast to the Pacific Salmon which contains parasites, is fatty and parasite-free. But the image of salmon as a cheap fish unsuitable for raw consumption was not easy to overcome. “We couldn’t just say that our fish doesn’t have parasites,” Olsen says. Still, a name change and advertisements depicting clear arctic waters were not enough to convince skeptics in Japan and, at home, pressure was mounting. As Norwegian consumers turned to red meat and poultry, the Norwegian seafood industry found itself “on the brink of collapse,” says Olsen.

Norway’s seafood export

Norway is the second largest exporter of seafood in the world, sharing our sustainable wild-caught and ocean-farmed seafood with more than 150 countries. Not surprisingly, Norway is the leading exporter of seafood globally, measured by value. Norwegian seafood export valued record high €10 billion in 2018, up 5% compared to 2017. 2015: 2,7 million metric tonnes of seafood were shipped from Norway to the world market last year, a record peak both in terms of volume and market value. Counting all Norwegian seafood export; withfish, salmon, trout, pelagic fish, herring and mackerel, the value was enormously NOK 74,5 billon (€7,75 billion). That is more than double compared with 10 years ago. In 2015, Norwegian seafood exports totalled NOK 74 billion, or roughly € 7.7 billion. In operational terms, this means a daily volume of 600 tons of seafood products airfreighted to Asia, Africa and North America. Since 2008, the value of seafood from Norway has increased by 156%, Norwegian Seafood Council informs. We observe a trend that Norwegian seafood is often imported to another country for processing before distribution to its final consumer market. Typical transit or processing markets for Norwegian seafood are Poland, Denmark and the Netherlands», says Paul T. Aandahl, Seafood Analyst, Norwegian Seafood Council.

Norwegian cod and haddock fisheries obtain MSC-certification

2014 : Norway’s offshore Northeast Arctic (NEA) cod and haddock fisheries were today certified as sustainable under the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) environmental standard for sustainable and well managed fisheries. Around 125,000 metric tonnes of Norwegian cod and 90,000 metric tonnes of Norwegian haddock will now be eligible to display the blue MSC ecolabel. In addition to its domestic sales, the fish has a global market with fresh and frozen fish being sold in Germany, France and the UK, with saltfish, clipfish and stockfish on sale in southern Europe and Latin America.

Sjømathuset: Focusing on fresh fish and seafood

Europe´s largest and most innovative facilities for fresh fish and seafood opens today (25.03.14) at Kalbakken in Oslo. With the Sjømathuset seafood production facility, Lerøy and NorgesGruppen will provide more, better and fresher fish and seafood for Meny´s fish departments. Sjømathuset is a unique facility for NorgesGruppen stores. It will help create competitiveness in Meny Supermarket´s well stocked fish counters, and also help us get a broader and fresher product range for all our customers through packaged fish and seafood, says NorgesGruppen´s CEO , Tommy Korneliussen. Sjømathuset breaks new ground by grouping production of pre-packed fish, loose weight and sushi under the same roof, in the most modern and efficient facilities for distribution of fresh seafood. Never before have such large volumes of fresh seafood been processed, packaged and distributed from one single plant in Norway. The goal is clear from both partners; Increase consumption of seafood in the Norwegian population. Sjømathuset is a result of the cooperation we have had with NorgesGruppen since 2006. We are now making fresh seafood of the highest quality available in grocery stores across the whole country. Everything from skreiloins and salmon, portions of lobster and crab claws are packaged in the fresh fish counter. Never before has so much quality seafood been so accessible to the Norwegian retail customer, says Beltestad.

NorgesGruppen

Norgesgruppen, founded in 1994, is a privately owned company and Norway’s largest trading enterprise, and NorgesGruppen is Norway’s largest retailer. Our core business is our retail and wholesale operations for consumer products. Our retail chains represent 37,4% of the Norwegian retail sector. In 2014, Norgesgruppen had a total market share of 39.9 percent in the Norwegian grocery retail markets, which includes subsidiaries including Meny, Joker, Ultra and Kiwi. NorgesGruppen has 1,835 grocery stores across Norway. These stores offer food and beverage products from the full range of major international suppliers, as well as local Norwegian suppliers. We have just below 28,000 employees in activities owned by NorgesGruppen and almost 40,000 employees in total when retailer­owned stores are included. NorgesGruppen had a turnover of 58 641 billion NOK and profits (EBIDTA) of 3 750 Billion NOK in 2011. NorgesGruppen was established in 2000, when the wholesale operations of Joh. Johannson was merged with several regional and local retail chains. Prior to the merger, NorgesGruppen and its predecessor, Norgesdetalj, had acted as an alliance between the wholesale arm and retailers since 1994. This alliance was an attempt to counter competition from the vertically-integrated Hakon Gruppen (now part of Ica), Reitangruppen (Rema 1000) and Coop. Following the merger, more than 20 local and regional chain concepts were reduced to three national grocery store chains.

The Retail business area comprises NorgesGruppen-owned grocery stores and kiosks/service concepts, as well as management of chain concepts for retailer- owned/franchise based stores. Read more at norgesgruppen.no.
Within grocery stores, NorgesGruppen has three nationwide chain concepts:
• Kiwi: Norway’s second largest “discount” grocery store chain with an estimated market share of 16.9%, and 581 stores at year-end 2013.
• Meny-Ultra: Meny-Ultra makes a complete range of grocery products available to consumers in full-scale, regional superstore settings under the franchise names.
Larger supermarkets with a greater product assortment, particularly within fresh food. Meny and Ultra are the main brands, while certain stores are branded Centra and Jacob’s. At year-end 2013 there were 187 Meny stores and seven Ultra/Centra/Jacobs stores.

The Meny Supermarket Chain, where it’s owner is NorgesGruppen

MENY has 10000 employees in its stores, that is hundreds of employees with food expertise, including chefs, butchers and fishmongers, and Meny alone accounts for almost 30 percent of all fresh fish sales in Norway. Also, MENY maintains the posi­tion as the grocery chain in Norway with the most satisfied customers (Norsk Kundebarometer 2017). At year-end 2013 there were 187 Meny stores.
The brand MENY operates so called 'full-service' supermarkets, focusing on offering a large choice of fresh and/or high quality products as opposed to discount supermarkets that offer low prices. Meny (pronounced as Meny) is a Norwegian and Danish supermarket chain owned by NorgesGruppen. MENY is the supermarket chain with a broad, attractive selection of goods. The MENY supermarket chain has access to 30,000 items in the course of the year, comprising fresh food, dinner solutions, fri-for, organic food, vegetarian and local food. In 2017, MENY developed its online retailing offer on a national scale. The online retailing solution for MENY, SPAR and Joker is a supplementary service that is helping to make customers’ lives better, by ensuring flexibility and inspiration. MENY stores all over Norway now offer online retailing. MENY is also the market leader for locally produced food and collaborates with 450 local food producers.

For MENY the Sjømathuset will be an important tool towards the goal of providing Norway’s fresh fish counters with top quality seafood all year round. Meny´s customers are very concerned about fresh fish and seafood, both in terms of quality, price and availability. With Sjømathuset, we are better equipped to satisfy customer demands, and simultaneously reach our goal of at least 15 percent increase in seafood sales every year going forward. Last year we sold fish for 813 millions NOK. Next year we aim to pass one billion, says CEO of Meny, Vegard Kjuus. Sjømathuset will help create competitiveness in Meny Supermarket´s well stocked fish counters, and also help us get a broader and fresher product range for all our customers through packaged fish and seafood.

New dinner solutions in MENY: MENY has refurbished all of its stores, made space for a dinner zone and launched a selection of new dinner solutions devel­oped by the MENY guild. This includes dinner options that can be prepared in less than 20 minutes, fresh fish made simple in the “Fisk på 1­2­3” concept, tasty dinners called Heat & Eat which just need reheat­ ing, and Take­Away dishes from MENY’s kitchen. Some customers prefer ready­pre­ pared dinners, and some wish to finish the preparation themselves, but everyone can find a dinner solution to suit them. Figures from MENY show that, on average. fish products included in the week’s dinner option sell ten times better than normal. MENY hopes that the focus on complete fish dishes, manned fresh fish counters and good offers can contribute momentum to fish sales.

A truly goodread can be looked up on the blog written by the Alaska Historical Society. Also you will find on the designated Commerce page here great links to the key factories and guide operators locally at Petersburg AK, so please enjoy that also :)

Commerce in Petersburg own websites plus the blog of AHS

«Once chefs realize the power that they have in putting pressure on the suppliers to provide green rated seafood items, that’s really when the system is going to change.» – Sarah Drew

Seattle Fish Company CO & sales of Sustainable Seafood in USA

Many thanks for the hosting of our great Company Tour at Seattle Fish Company om March 30th 2019, we highly appreciate the courtesy of two fine representatives of the jubilee celebrating company with sales distribution Denver plus Kansas City 2019.

Director Mr P.J. Paland
Quality Supervisor Mr Eric Floyd

On behalf of Mr Halvor Leithaug Strand
Mr Odd Sverre Strand

Halvor Leithaug Strand: 2017 Gold in NM Seafood Trader Sjømathandel, Fiskeansvarlig Meny Rykkin near Oslo Norway, 2017 featured in a Chef magazine and a 2017 Grand Tour at Lofoten Norway and pt a 2019 Tour at Seattle Fish Co Denver.

Locally Committed Chefs AND Green rated seafood

«Once chefs realize the power that they have in putting pressure on the suppliers to provide green rated seafood items, that’s really when the system is going to change.»
– Sarah Drew

JBF has long included Denver chefs in their various programs, including their Bootcamp for Policy and Change. Miller explained the foundation’s desire to host a Sustainable Seafood Summit in Denver, “It’s a place where we know that chefs are really interested in being better food system advocates and certainly in a place where the issues related to sustainable seafood especially around high-quality aquaculture and mariculture are important because it is a landlocked state, with the exception of rivers and lakes.” 

It’s true – the foundation is currently onboarding 10 Denver chefs for the Smart Catch program after the meetings in October, in addition to some chefs who are already part of the program and others who are looking to join soon. Impact Programs Manager for JBF, Sarah Drew, explained the importance of the Smart Catch program in a food-oriented city like Denver. And chefs in Denver are taking note. 

Jeff Osaka of 12 at Madison, Osaka Ramen, Tammen’s Fish Market and Sushi-Rama prefers to use the phrase “responsible purchasing” when it comes to sourcing seafood for his restaurants. He focuses on the methods used to source and how fish is farmed, harvested or caught when making decisions. “We buy from a reputable source, Seattle Fish, so that takes a lot of the weight off of us. But we also have the responsibility to ask them questions as well.” As a JBF Bootcamp for Policy and Change attendee, Osaka recognizes the influence he has on consumers in Denver. Changing menu items to reflect more sustainable fishing and farming practices clues in consumers to make more conscious decisions in choosing what to order at a restaurant or buy in the grocery store. Osaka expressed his hope to educate his customers more on seafood. Tammen’s in Denver Central Market operates as part restaurant and part fish counter. Though only about 20 percent of the business is selling out of the retail case, he anticipates more consumers looking to buy fresh fish.

«A lot of people are afraid to cook seafood,» he commented. Increasing the retail side is “about educating and having a connection with our customer,” teaching them how to cook different types of fish. Sheila Lucero with the Big Red F Restaurant Group is learning a lot about cooking different species of fish herself. As a leader in Denver’s seafood industry, she has been the executive chef of Jax Fish House & Oyster Bar since 2009 and recently took on the additional role of executive chef position at Lola Coastal Mexican. There, she’s learning about a new genre of seafood cooking traditions and working with new species of fish. 

Though she expanded her repertoire, Lucero hasn’t backed down on her sustainability mission. The chef sources from certified sustainable fisheries and farms and is excited about a few new fishing innovations. One of her new favorite products is processed and frozen at sea. This method eliminates waste and allows for a fresher taste – fishermen typically freeze their catch at sea and are then thawed to be processed on land before refreezing for transportation and distribution.

The Blue Ribbon Task Force by the Monterey Bay Aquarium

One of about 60 chefs across the US, Lucero is a member of the Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Blue Ribbon Task Force. These leaders meet a couple times a year to discuss healthy ocean sourcing and brainstorm methods to be better seafood advocates. Last year, Lucero traveled to the nation’s capital to speak on behalf of the seafood industry. Along with two other chefs – one from Florida and the other from California – Lucero defended the current Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Act. Amended in 2006, the act has enabled the United States to have some of the best-managed fisheries in the world. The current proposed changes would weaken the act’s strong sustainability measures. Lucero explained, “a lot of the congressmen [were] really surprised to see me – to go all the way to D.C. to talk to them about our oceans, but I’m from Colorado.” Though Congress has not yet made a decision on amending the Magnuson-Stevens Act, Lucero knows her advocacy has opened the eyes of the political leaders. “They were just really interested in how this affects people in the middle of America,” she added. 

Lucero understands that in order for the trend in sustainability to continue, people from all parts of the country need to advocate for positive changes. It is just as important for consumers in the middle of the country to be educated on the state of the fish stocks and the importance of sourcing sustainably. “I do feel fortunate living in Colorado that there’s consumer mindfulness more. And more people like knowing where their food is coming from, and they like knowing they can trust us,” Lucero commented. This trust runs deeper than the expectation of a delicious meal – more and more Denver consumers recognize the effects of the food they eat.

The US is a major importer of seafood

To meet consumer demand, the United States continues to be a major importer of seafood. The US is the world’s third largest consumer of seafood after China and Japan, said the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), citing data from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. Over 90% of the seafood consumed in the US is imported, measured by edible weight. This measure has been rising in recent years, reflecting an increase in imported seafood. A significant portion of this imported seafood is caught by American fishermen, exported overseas for processing, and then reimported to the US. 

America’s aquaculture industry currently supports only 5% of US seafood demand, producing primarily oysters, clams, mussels, and some finfish, including salmon. Washington and Maine lead the nation in marine finfish farming. Washington, Virginia and Louisiana lead in shellfish farming.

“A big misconception is we can’t get fresh fish here,” said James Iacino, president and CEO of Seattle Fish Co., a third-generation family business in Denver. “We can get it fresh from all the coasts.” “If you’re in San Francisco and eating scallops, those scallops flew over Denver from the East Coast to get to you.” The Iacinos would know. The family has been in the fishmonger business in Colorado since 1918, nowadays supplying some 10 million pounds of seafood a year to Rocky Mountain chefs and grocers. James Iacino, grandson of founder Mose Iacino, opened the doors to their production facility to show what it takes to bring us fresh fish, more than a thousand miles from sea. If you have had a fresh catch in our lovely land-locked state then you are likely to owe that experience in large part to Seattle Fish Company. Don’t let the name fool you, Seattle Fish is a third generation Colorado, family-owned business that began on the platform at Union Station in 1918. The company strives for sustainable practices and in celebration of 100 years as Mile high’s seafood specialist, it is hosting a 100-year Symposium and Anniversary party at the McNichols Civic. innovators, leaders, suppliers, chefs, policymakers, and ambassadors of sustainability. two-day convention to discuss what we can do now to sustain 100 more years of fresh seafood.

As Denver’s food scene develops, so does the city’s desire for great seafood. And while it’s difficult to see our effect on our oceans in comparison to port cities like Seattle, our consumption of seafood majorly impacts the oceans and fish stocks. The best way to consume sustainable food is by eating locally from small farms and ranches, but it’s difficult to consume local fish in a land-locked state such as Colorado. There are a few local aquaculture farms such as Frontier Trout Ranch and Colorado Catch that use sustainable practices to reduce or completely eliminate waste. But these two local farms can only satisfy your trout and striped bass desires. Fortunately, many leaders in the Denver food industry are working with suppliers to increase the availability of sustainable seafood – selecting fish from trusted fishermen and fisheries following ethical practices around the world.

Denver chefs champion sustainable seafood

Landlocked Denver is supplied with sustainable seafood by companies including Seattle Fish Co. and Northeast Seafood, with chefs working to reduce the state's impact on ocean and global fish stocks. The James Beard Foundation's Smart Catch program helps restaurants look into seafood sources, and eateries such as Osaka Ramen strive to educate diners about their seafood. The first step is understanding how seafood can be sustainable in a land-locked area such as Denver. 

Ocean Wise defines sustainable seafood as “species that are caught or farmed in a way that ensures the long-term health and stability of that species, as well as the greater marine ecosystem.” Resources such as the Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Seafood Watch give consumers the information they need to consume seafood responsibly. Seafood Watch ranks the sustainability of seafood options for each region in the US (click here for a downloadable guide for Colorado). But this still puts a lot of pressure on consumers to research before purchasing.

Luckily Colorado is home to a few incredible aquaculture farms and seafood suppliers. Based in Denver, both Seattle Fish Co. and Northeast Seafood supply Denver chefs and restaurants with fresh, sustainable seafood.Seattle Fish Co. recently celebrated 100 years of bringing the best fish to our city. In August they hosted a symposium to gather some of the city’s leaders in the seafood industry to discuss the future of Denver’s seafood.

2013, Selling seafood 1,000 miles from the ocean.

Denver's educated populace is also quite keen to jump on the trend towards increased interest in where food comes from, and for seafood chefs, that trend seems to have created a culture of chefs that are curious and anxious to learn about and explore new products.

«We were ready last year,” Figueroa said, describing a somewhat hectic processing situation last year. Inside Seattle Fish Company’s 65,000 square foot plant in its home town of -- surprisingly Denver, Colorado -- on Thursday, chief operating officer Derek Figueroa insists that selling seafood in a city that is 1,000 miles from the ocean is actually not as hard as it looks “for two reasons". “Just because you’re landlocked doesn’t mean you’re not going to have interest in seafood,” Figueroa told Undercurrent News. “And it doesn’t mean you can’t get access to fresh fish. If you have scallops from the east coast and you’re on the west, you have to ship it across all those states.” 

«Denver’s a fertile territory and continues to grow,» he said, adding that healthy eating and a high level of education are two key factors to seafood's attractiveness. The city has a highly educated populace -- said to be the most educated in the United States -- and active culture. The state's mere topogrophy nearly forces its inhabitants to take an interest in physical activity. Colorado contains the majority of the "fourteeners" -- mountains boasting peaks at 14,000 feet or higher -- in North American. Denver also recently became the US state with the most sports facilities of any state in the West, according to statistics from HomeToDenver.com. More evidence of the state's high level of active people is the statistic showing its people are the thinnest of any state in the United States. 

Today, Iacino and the modern day Seattle Fish Co. are servicing 17 states — sourcing product from all three American coasts and also from countries as far away as Iceland. The mission is not only to help supply Denver’s top restaurants and chefs with a fresh, inspirational product, but also to serve the home cook. If you shop for groceries at King Soopers or Whole Foods in the region you are eating Seattle Fish Co. products. 

Each year, Seattle Fish Co. receives and processes more than 7.5 million pounds of seafood in its Denver facility, and supplies Whole Foods, King Soopers, Panzano, Marczyk Fine Foods and others. Since 1918, Seattle Fish Company has been supplying restaurants, hotels, caterers and grocers throughout Denver and the Rocky Mountain area with the finest fresh and frozen seafood. If you shop for groceries at King Soopers or Whole Foods in the region you are eating Seattle Fish Co. products.

Consuming sustainable seafood

Consuming sustainable seafood doesn’t simply mean eating fish that are labeled “best choice” by Seafood Watch, but it also means considering the miles your food has traveled to your plate. Owner of the year-old Bamboo Sushi, Kristofor Lofgren, takes his business’ carbon footprint into serious consideration. After the first location opened in Portland, Bamboo Sushi was named the first certified sustainable sushi restaurant in the world. A part of this honor is due to how Lofgren constructed and operated his restaurants. In addition to using low impact lighting and recycled materials to construct the building, Lofgren’s business plants seagrass – a plant that sequesters carbon at about eight times the rate of trees – to be a carbon-neutral company. 

Based in Portland, Bamboo Sushi opened a location in Denver last year. They recognized that Denver is a city where consumers are interested in knowing the story of their food. Named the Sustainable Restaurant Group, Lofgren’s company hopes to set a precedent for sustainability in the restaurant industry – leading by example. Before the Denver location opened, Lofgren worked with local suppliers to ensure they could source from the same trusted fisheries and farms he has worked with for his Portland locations. The owner wanted consistency in his restaurants and commitment to his partnerships, but he also wanted to give Denver chefs an opportunity to discover new sources for their seafood items. “Buying sustainable products, that’s step one, if you want to be a sustainable restaurant,” Lofgren commented. And while that is only the first step, it’s an important one. 

Chad Petrone, a wholesaler at Northeast Seafood, explained the risk chefs take by committing to sustainable seafood. Many fishing companies that use sustainable and ethical methods are located in various places around the world. Chefs must be “willing to take the risk,” Petrone explained – not only because it’s more expensive– but because “maybe the fish is not going to show up [on time] because it’s coming from around the world.” Luckily that prospect doesn’t scare chefs – or suppliers – into not investing in sustainable fishing practices. “If I can keep replacing proteins on the menu with more sustainable proteins,” Petrone said, “then we’re improving the planet.” Purchasing from local aquaculture farms can also help eliminate the uncertainty in fish delivery and supplement what fishers can’t provide to suppliers. As aquaculture continues to grow in popularity and necessity, Lofgren insists that “supporting great aquaculture as well is really important to the growth of sustainable farm-raised seafood.”

Colorado’s Aquaculture Farms

We have some of the country’s most influential and dedicated chefs working towards sustainability in the seafood industry, but Colorado is also home to a few great aquaculture farms. And any expert in the seafood industry will say that the key to sustaining the world’s fish stocks is by supporting sustainable aquaculture. “Wild fisheries are kinda at their capacity,” the JBF Smart Catch Sustainability Director Corey Peet reported. “That then leads to aquaculture which is definitely the fastest growing form of food production – and arguably is the most efficient form of food production.” As the head scientist working with JBF, Peet insists that though aquaculture is important to the future of seafood it has to be done well to truly be an improved and better option than overfishing the oceans. 

There are a few local aquaculture farms such as Frontier Trout Ranch and Colorado Catch that use sustainable practices to reduce or completely eliminate waste. But these two local farms can only satisfy your trout and striped bass desires. Fortunately, many leaders in the Denver food industry are working with suppliers to increase the availability of sustainable seafood – selecting fish from trusted fishermen and fisheries following ethical practices around the world. Two Colorado fisheries are doing their best to raise healthy, sustainable fish with little to no impact on the surrounding environment. Both Frontier Trout Ranch and Colorado Catch – raising trout and striped bass respectively – strive to be as sustainable and considerate to the environment as possible. Both Kermit Krantz from Frontier Trout Ranch and Tyler Faucette from Colorado Catch understand that a large part of sustainability is optimizing every resource to its capacity. Both farms source water from a deep well – uncontaminated by water runoff from surrounding farms. Their own runoff, Krantz and Faucette divert to their own farmland, using it as a fertilizer for their other agricultural enterprises. 

These innovative practices in raising fish are similar to Kristofer Lofgren’s work in the seafood restaurant industry. The incredible stories of Frontier Trout Ranch and Colorado Catch help sell their sustainable products – making it an attractive alternative to wild caught fish. Faucette understands that there will always be a demand for a wild-caught product. But he also recognizes that the whole world can’t be fed on wild fish. Once the oceans are fished at a sustainable level, “the demand for seafood exceeds what we can catch in wild-caught, so then aquaculture needs to step in and fill the void behind that.” 

Other experts in the seafood industry also recognize the importance for farmed fish such as Chad Pettrone from Northeast Seafood. He explained, “we’re on the tipping point where people are starting to realize that farm-raised fish is the way of the future.” When raised well by farmers like Krantz and Faucette, fish farming is one of the most sustainable animal proteins we can consume. Pettrone added, “If we start having the conversation of farm-raised fish versus farm-raised beef versus farm-raised pork and chicken, it’s not even a competition as far as sustainability. The fish is going to come out on top every time.”

What are some of the biggest changes you’ve seen in the seafood industry since you started?
The biggest changes we’ve seen is how we view our industry regarding preservation of the oceans for future generations. Sustainability; doing the right thing, following the proper procedures, being transparent. Transparency might be the biggest change. It’s been a necessary change. Twenty-five years ago there was little regard for where you got your swordfish or your tunas or how it was harvested. It was just “give me good, fresh fish, let me sell it, I don’t care how you got it.” It’s different now, and it should be.

How was Seattle Fish transporting seafood when you first started compared to now?
We were flying about 75% of our seafood when I started [15 years ago]. I’ve changed that to reverse it. We now truck 75-80% and fly 20-30%. Trucking is a better cold chain and it’s more reliable.  We’ve established partnerships with our trucking companies; they care about getting fish delivered on time.  Seattle Fish always had a truck coming from of Seattle, Washington, but have since increased our Boston run and added twice a week shipping from Miami and Los Angeles. We now cover all four corners. Sometimes trucking can be the same amount of turn-around as air freight. Once you get it loaded on the plane, they lose it somewhere, ship it to who knows where, then it gets back here.  You could have trucked it by then and controlled the cold chain the whole time.

How is being a Director of Purchasing for a land-locked seafood distributor compared to one on the coasts?
Well, the people on the coasts have direct, visual, hands-on contact with the specific items they bring into that particular dock. Our advantage, though, is our location. We can bring in seafood from all corners of the world into middle America on a timely basis.  We bring trucks from all four corners of the U.S. Team drivers, carrying a trailer load of fresh seafood arrives in Denver 30-35 hours from port.  Our advantage is that we have more access to many varieties of fish from both coasts and the Gulf. You go to some seafood companies in California, and they have ten items they’re selling, their local items. Some of them import other items as we do as an import distributor, but they don’t have any specific advantage over us. Their advantage might be a quicker turnover with just the local fish they have. I think we still have a greater overall advantage sourcing from many regions. We have personally visited docks, gulf coast shrimp and reef fisheries, oyster farms, and fish farms, all over the globe. Seattle Fish Co. is perfectly located in the Rocky Mountain region.

Specialties each week from fishermen

Just because Seattle Fish Co is land-locked doesn’t mean we can’t access the same exotic seafood as anyone else on the coast!  With multiple SFC trucks and flights arriving in Denver weekly, we are able to bring in some of the highest quality, and now some of the most exotic, seafood products from all over the globe. 
Our Director of Purchasing, Harry Mahleres has made a commitment to our customers to begin sourcing a variety of specialty products from fisherman each week. So far the program has been quite a success and has put some amazing new fish on plates in Colorado.

Each Specialty product is paired with exact sourcing information including the name of the fishing vessel in which the fish was caught, the captain or fisherman’s name, fishing gear and port landed. Weekly emails are being sent to our customers with this sourcing information and up-close pictures of all our specialty products as they land on our dock. Contact your sales rep to begin receiving these ‘Specialty Emails’ today to get your hands on Skate Wings and Cheeks, Sierra Mackerel, Thorny Rockfish, Porgys, and more!

THE PERCEPTION THAT DENVER CAN’T GET GREAT SEAFOOD is a complete myth. On the contrary, Denver is uniquely positioned in the middle of the country, which means we get fish from the East and West Coasts oftentimes more quickly than you can get it on the coast. If you’re eating American red snapper in Portland, for example, that fish flew over Denver to get to you Portlanders. If you’re eating lobster in San Francisco, that lobster flew from Maine and over Denver before it got to San Francisco. All wild salmon comes from Alaska, so if you live in Florida, the wild salmon flew over Denver first. There’s this misconception that if you live on the water, all the fish came out of that water, and that’s not true. 

IF IT SWIMS, WE HAVE IT, which means that we source the best products from around the world, and those products get here in the most pristine condition possible – and as quickly as possible. And we hand-cut all of our fish to whatever specifications the chef or grocer needs. We also have one of the largest refrigerated networks in the city. In reality, fish comes from all over the globe, and the fish you’re eating is most likely from somewhere else other than where you live. We are Denver, and we’ve been around longer than anyone else in food service. 

Denver is the shortest distance from Los Angeles, Seattle, Boston and Miami – four major seafood ports – and Seattle Fish gets the widest variety of fish and seafood for the shortest distance. That’s a fact. Figueroa said the company’s diverse offerings, which include findings such as locally farmed hybrid striped bass,  loch etive steelhead and redfish are playing well with the city’s chefs. “I think chefs like playing around with new species…It’s all about having someone trust us to fill their needs,” Figueroa said. The company also carries a delicacy typically only found in Japan – pollock roe – as well as sardines. Among its hundreds of offerings are Cyprus sea bream to Nantucket scallops to the flavorful redfish it served to Undercurrent during a lunch break from its Thursday plant tour.

The Sea-Pact sustainability consortium

The company is a founding member of Sea Pact, a sustainable seafood alliance that funds fishery improvement projects. Although Seattle Fish places a high regard on sustainability it also aims to give suppliers with room for improvement the chance to improve, a philosophy it shares with the five other companies it co-launched the sustainable seafood consortium Sea Pact with this year. A couple months into Sea Pact’s launch, it has already announced four award recipients for its first round of funding awards to sustainable aquaculture projects. 

"We earn our business every day," Derek Figueroa, COO for the company, told Undercurrent News. The company has grown into this fresh-oriented model, considering that when it started, 85% of its sales were frozen. Since the company today ships 85% of its fish fresh, there is little room for error inside the plant or in the procurement or selling departments. That's not the only thing that's changed since the company's inception. In chief operating officer Derek Figueroa's mind, the biggest change has been in the company's involvement in the suppliers themselves, punctuated recently with its co-launch of the sustainability consortium Sea-Pact. "

«When I first came here [in 1990], we bought fish and sold it for the best price we thought we could get out of it,» Figueroa said, "but we've become more stewards of the ocean...it's been an evolution of talking to [sustainability organizations]." Along with a summit hosted in October by the James Beard Foundation, chefs and fish suppliers are continuously working to ensure the city’s access to sustainable seafood. This trend is country-wide, but the landlocked city of Denver is becoming a leader in the national effort.

Chefs, restaurant owners, aquaculture farmers and distributors are committed to reduce Colorado’s impact on our global fish stocks and the ocean’s environment. The family-owned business Seattle Fish Co earned certification from the Marine Stewardship Council, an eco-labeling organization that ensures seafood is traced back to a sustainable fishery. It installed a fluorescent lighting system with motion sensors, a 102.9-kilowatt solar array, and a water reclamation system that saved over 700,000 gallons in its first year.

The MSC (certification by the Marine Stewardship Council)

The MSC is widely recognized as the world’s most credible certification program for wild-caught sustainable seafood and supply chain traceability. The blue MSC ecolabel assures consumers that the fish they are enjoying comes from a sustainable and well-managed fishery that has been independently certified, ensuring that fish populations, and the ecosystems upon which they depend, remain healthy and productive.

Any organization selling or handling MSC certified seafood must ensure that it is correctly labeled and kept separate from other non-certified seafood at all times. This ensures that MSC labeled seafood can be traced back to a sustainable source.

Derek Figueroa, Chief Operating Officer, Seattle Fish Co.: “Seattle Fish was the first in the Rocky Mountain region to be certified by the Marine Stewardship Council as a supplier of sustainable seafood – from catch to cook.  Our commitment to sustainability is deeper than ever.  The partnership between these committed restaurants, Seattle Fish, and the MSC is an example of our continued focus on responsible sourcing and speaks to our guiding principle, “We Sustainably Feed People”.  It’s exciting to work with the MSC and these innovative restaurants to promote sustainable seafood in Colorado.”

Maggie Beaton, MSC commercial manager – Americas, said: “This is an important milestone for the MSC and sustainable seafood in Colorado. The restaurants participating with the MSC are demonstrating to their customers the importance of sustainable seafood. I’m proud of our Colorado partners for taking this bold and important step.”
Denver restaurants Bamboo Sushi, To the Wind Bistro and Pub 17 on Welton Street, together with Boulder’s Wild Standard and Vail’s Terra Bistro, have become the firsts in Colorado to serve Marine Stewardship Council certified seafood and display the blue MSC ecolabel. Coloradans now have five convenient dining options for discovering and experiencing MSC certified sustainable seafood.

Each supplied by Colorado-based Seattle Fish Co., the independent restaurants are artfully preparing a variety of MSC certified seafood options for their customers to enjoy, knowing there will be plenty more for tomorrow. This spring, the Portland, Oregon-based Bamboo Sushi – the first certified-sustainable sushi restaurant in the U.S. – celebrated the opening of its location in Avanti Food & Beverage and plans to open a larger Denver location later this year. Bamboo Sushi founder and CEO Kristofor Lofgren said, “We believe it is imperative to create a restaurant where people can get the freshest and best fish possible, while simultaneously helping to save the oceans and marine life.”

Commenting on To the Wind Bistro’s participation, owners/chefs Royce Oliviera and Leanne Adamson, said: “At our small, neighborhood restaurant, the menu changes daily, but one thing we never want to see go away is fresh seafood. It’s important to us that the fish we prepare for our guests is going to be around for them to enjoy again tomorrow.”

Executive chef John Treusein of Pub ‪17 on Welton Street in Grand Hyatt Denver‬ noted: “The Marine Stewardship Council is the perfect complement to Hyatt’s culinary concept: Food. Thoughtfully Sourced.  Carefully Served, promoting healthy people, healthy communities and a healthy planet.”
Derek Beril, executive chef of Wild Standard explained: “Serving MSC certified seafood is part of our pledge to land and sea. Not only will people get to experience an exciting cuisine, they will also know that they are helping to ensure that the sea and all its treasures are there for coming generations.”

Terra Bistro executive chef Shawn Miller said: “We diligently research the origins, treatment, cultivation, and harvest methods of everything we purchase.” Terra Bistro chef de cuisine Rob Lewis continued, “The heart and soul of Terra Bistro lies in our dedication to forming alliances with farmers, ranchers, fisheries, and suppliers who care for their ingredients and products in accordance with our core values. As a result, our recipes and menu items are developed from a foundation of perfect beginnings.”

Seattle Fish Company’s Green Team

WE’RE CUTTING EDGE WHEN IT COMES TO SEAFOOD, and we reinvest our profits so that we’re always at the top of the innovation ladder. We’re also leaders in sustainability efforts, and while this is an old industry, we’re at the forefront of it. Over the past few years, Seattle Fish‘s Green Team has been instrumental in pioneering progressive green initiatives, and once again, the company has reasons to celebrate its success.

First, Seattle Fish Co. was just recognized as a “Certifiably Green” Colorado business by the Denver Department of Environmental Health. To obtain this level of certification, the Department of Environmental Health assessed Seattle Fish and we then worked with an advisor to prioritize and implement green initiatives, including water conservation and resource management.

In addition, Colorado’s Environmental Leadership Program just awarded Seattle Fish Co. a Silver Partner distinction, a direct result from achieving a clean one-year compliance record and continuing our commitment toward meeting the Gold criteria, where we will implement a fully operational, facility-specific Environment Management System. We are proud to stand next to our fellow businesses with the same goal of a cleaner future.

Sustainable Fisheries Partnership (SFP)

Seattle Fish Co. officially partnered with Sustainable Fisheries Partnership (SFP) this year. SFP will help Seattle Fish Co. assess our sustainability and the two will further partner on specific Fishery Improvement Projects. Sustainable Fisheries Partnership is a non-profit organization that provides strategic and technical guidance to seafood suppliers and producers. One of the principle mechanisms that SFP uses to drive sustainability are the creation and support of Fishery Improvement Projects to address specific problems in the seafood supply chain. Additionally, Sustainable Fisheries Partnership has created a database of fisheries, which contains sustainability assessments of each and is called FishSource.

 Green Colorado Awards

SFC was just named one of the ‘50 Colorado Firms on a Greener Path’ by ColoradoBiz Magazineand was is recognized at their Green Colorado Awards, but not by chance.  All the credit goes to Seattle Fish Company’s Green Team, which was started in 2010.  Being a seafood distributor, our business is dependent on the environment and we have an absolute obligation to engage in responsible operating and purchasing practices, which is why SFC formed the Green Team. The team is comprised of a member from each functional area within the company and serves as ambassadors for the rest of our organization.  SFC Green Team works with all stakeholders to promote sustainable business practices both internally and externally.  By identifying and sharing innovative methods, offering policy recommendations, and encouraging action, the SFC green team seeks to make a real impact in our practices. To date the ‘SFC Green Team’ has been responsible for our solar panels, our company wide lighting retrofit, water reclamation investment project which has saved 1MM gallons of water last year, and many more sustainable and environmentally focused initiatives
In 2014, Seattle Fish Co. earned two environmental certifications, invested in improved operational practices, increased financial and leverage support for Fishery Improvement Projects, formed a collaboration with Sustainable Fisheries Partnership to make targeted improvements and began a comprehensive self-assessment program that includes collecting data on specific fisheries and sources in an effort to track our purchasing activity. 
Sustainable Fisheries Partnership, which works specifically within the supply chain, reiterated that great achievements have been made in sustainability practices, but that it’s crucial to keep asking questions as the industry faces new oceanic challenges, including ocean acidification.

The Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) Chain of Custody Certification

Seattle Fish Co. just earned the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) Chain of Custody Certification, making us the first chain of custody organization in the state of Colorado and only the 24th to obtain the CoC certification nationally.  The ASC in a non-government organization started in 2010 that has set standards for aquaculture and responsible farming.  Seattle Fish Co. is dedicated to sustainability and the health of our seafood industry.  Having this supplier (CoC) certification allows Seattle Fish Co. to handle, process, and distribute ASC Certified seafood products to our customers. Our customers can trust more than ever that Seattle Fish Co. is the Rocky Mountain Region’s premier supplier for sustainable seafood options.

The UK’s Master Fishmonger Standard

Consumers have the power to change the seafood industry, but they also have to be willing to pay the price and put in the hard work.

“Seafood is a highly valued protein which needs skilled handling and knowledge to match. The different tiers of the Master Fishmonger Standard recognize the journey of the modern fishmonger, regardless of whether the person comes from an independent fishmonger, supermarket or foodservice – the standard is the same for all.” 2018 New standard champions fishmongering, set to bridge consumer knowledge gaps. 

As fish consumption gains popularity in health trends, the world’s population is eating seafood at a rate that cannot be sustained by the world’s oceans. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) reported earlier this year that since 1961 the average annual growth in global fish consumption has been twice as high as population growth. To help combat the exponential decrease in fish stocks, consumers should focus on supporting sustainable seafood – both fished and farmed – to ensure the oceans’ stocks return to a healthy level. 

It’s easy to make assumptions when purchasing products at the grocery store or selecting from a restaurant’s menu, but there is so much hidden in the seafood industry. The laws of supply and demand mean that what consumers want, consumers get. But they have to know that sometimes what they’re getting isn’t really what they want. If more consumers want a sustainable option when purchasing seafood, restaurants and grocery stores have to ask for that from their suppliers, who in turn have to tell the fisheries and farms that they need to create a sustainable product. 

2014: Seattle Fish Co. aims for $100m in sales by 2018

2014: Processor and distributor Seattle Fish Co. is aiming to shift its product mix toward a higher percentage of frozen seafood as it hopes to hit a $100 million annual sales target in coming years. Given the company’s recent performance, Denver looks like a very attractive place to sell seafood.

The company's sales figures have grown by more than 10% each of the past two years, and as the rest of the United States watches its latest per capita seafood consumption numbers drop 4%, Seattle Fish is watching its own product sales volumes grow. Figueroa estimates its volumes are up from 6.5 million pounds last year to 7.5m pounds this year. 

With bright projections of 10% sales growth for the next five years, the company is currently preparing to double its capacity by opening up another section of its warehouse, and it is more than prepared to sell more fish. Some of its top sellers are farmed Atlantic salmon, tuna and halibut; but the growth is coming from the full range of its offerings, which number into the hundreds. It is also equally strong in retail and foodservice, which make up equal parts of its sales

The Tracy Arm Fjord, this 8th wonder of the world truly has to be seen to be believed.

Little Norway. Big Adventure.

Give Someone a Fish and They’ll Eat for a Day. Teach Someone to Fish and...They’ll Want to Move to PETERSBURG, ALASKA. The town flourished as a fishing port as icebergs from the nearby LeConte Glacier provided an ice source for cooling fish. Petersburg is now one of Alaska's major fishing communities.  The cannery has operated continuously since its completion.

Not too many fences about Coastal cutthroat and salmon in Alaska’s southeast. Please read an article by Chris Hunt about fly fishing in Petersburg and SE Alaska.
https://www.hatchmag.com/articles/not-too-many-fences/7712631

Please also read this on Halibut fishing
https://historicfishing.smugmug.com/History/Halibut2/

Alaska has incredible waterfront locations all over the state, which isn’t surprising considering we have over 3,000,000 lakes (named and unnamed) and a coastline that’s longer than all the other states combined! Perhaps the most intimate way to experience the awesome scale of an Alaskan glacier is on the water and a huge number of cruises are available throughout Alaska. Prince William Sound and the Kenai Fjords are full of tidewater glaciers that extend down from mountain peaks and out into the sea. From island escapes and isolated towns, to communities known for their world-class salmon fisheries and historic gold-rush era survival, there are 15 coolest small towns in Alaska that you’ve probably never heard of.

If southern Alaska is where the Inside Passage ends, then its origins can be traced all the way down to the Puget Sound of northwestern Washington State. Cutting through and around British Columbia, Canada, and ultimately, a series of islands before reaching this corner of the States, the Inside Passage is definitely an experience to be had, people. And here’s why: in addition to the fact that the Alaskan portion of it offers protection from the fickle waters of the open ocean, the passage also encompasses in excess of 1,000 islands. If interesting places to visit in Alaska are on your mind when visiting, then the wonder and exploration opportunities of the inlets and coves of the Alaska Inside Passage are ideal.

Tucked away in a pristine little slice of hidden paradise is this utterly enthralling landmass known as Tracy Arm Fjord. If you’ve even been to Alaska via cruise ship, chances are that this is one of the first stops along the way that made you fall head over heels in love with the splendor of the raw, rugged last frontier. Located in a beautifully remote area in southeast Alaska is this breathtaking place known as Tracy Arm Fjord, and this 8th wonder of the world truly has to be seen to be believed. You'll find it inside the nation's largest temperate rainforest, the 17 million acre Tongass National Forest. This pristine place was designated by the United States Congress in 1980 as the 'Tracy Arm-Fords Terror Wilderness'.

A.B. Peter Thams Buschmann is the founder for whom the town is named. Portrait of Petersburg pioneers Christian Buschmann, Arne Thormodsater, and Ludvig Larson.

Founders Pioneers Petersbrg AK : The man on the left is Christian Henrik Buschmann, P.T. Buschmann's oldest son and first superintendent at Petersburg cannery about 1898 or 1899. In the middle is Arne Thormodsater, storekeeper; and at right is Ludvig Larson, bookkeeper.

In the heart of the Tongass National Forest. Visit also the Stikine-LeConte Wilderness Area.

“Little Norway. Big Adventure”

The Stikine-LeConte Wilderness Area, with the spectacular LeConte Glacier calving off tons of bright blue icebergs, is just a short boat ride away. As your vacation home base, you can do unique outdoor activities by visiting a place that still hold on to its small town roots. Petersburg is in the heart of the Tongass National Forest. The 1.6 million acre Petersburg Ranger District of the Alaska’s Tongass National Forest, surrounds Petersburg. It has thousands of miles of shoreline, it’s own Stikine Icefield, the Kuiu Island Wilderness, Devil’s Thumb, and much, much more.

There is just too much to see and do in one visit. Whether your interest is hiking our many beautiful trails, flight-seeing over the glaciers, chartering a boat for whale watching or a glacier trip, birding, sports fishing or sightseeing, Petersburg has it for outdoor lovers, the Tongass National Forest, which surrounds Petersburg, has unlimited recreational opportunities including fishing, hunting, hiking, camping, kayaking/canoeing, backcountry cross-country and telemark skiing, ice skating, and climbing.

Tongass National Forest covers 17 million acres, which is most of Southeast Alaska. It is the largest national forest in the United States. Most of it consists of a temperate rain forest rich in wildlife and rare flora. The area is very diverse and ranges from Alexander Archipelago islands and numerous fjords and glaciers to the Coast Mountains. It is home to 75,000 people, and the largest city in the area is Juneau.

While the year-round population is only 3300, nearly 40,000 tourists visit Petersburg annually. Our scenic location and small town charm attract over 20,000 visitors annually, as well as designation by Coastal Living magazine as one of the top ten bed-and-breakfast communities in America. Great Things to Do in Petersburg. Explore some of our local tours, eateries and lodging options. From galleries to outfitter stores, Petersburg has a great deal to offer.

Enjoy fresh seafood or a cup of java, find unique local and Native artwork to take home with you. Stroll the streets and look down to see the inlaid bronze artwork in the sidewalks or look up at the Norwegian rosemaling that adorns the storefronts. Several murals have been painted and are placed around town for everyone to enjoy. Nearby is the hustle and bustle of the canneries and fishing fleet. Petersburg is a busy place all year long!

Southeast Alaska, colloquially referred to as the Alaska Panhandle or Alaskan Panhandle, is the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Alaska, bordered to the east by the northern half of the Canadian province of British Columbia.

Ship route through the Inside Passage from Seattle up Southeast Alaska

Ancestry tree of Ole Kristian Strand, see him at bottom right, Thanks to Myheritage, Ref is Tree website by Odd S. Strand

Info for my relatives, please contact me for access to the full ancestry tree of the four brothers & one sister that this book GreatAdventures is devoted to :)

Please email me oddsverrestrand@icloud.com here, email er velkomment, Click here :

Jon Christian Pettersen, Univetsity of Oslo, Fall 2011 : Norskamerikanere i Seattle, 1889 til 1930

Source Norway : a university Paper about Norwegian-American Settlers.

Ref in lookup : https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/23374/Pettersen-masteroppgave.pdf?sequence=2

Excerpt from the Master Thesis:

«Målsetningen for denne oppgaven kan sammenfattes i følgende problemstilling:
- Hvordan foregikk og hva bidro til utviklingen blant norske immigranter og
framveksten av det norskamerikanske samfunnet i Seattle i perioden 1889 til 1930?

Mye av det som tidligere er skrevet om norskamerikanere i USA, omhandler livet på landsbygda i Midtvesten. Blant unntakene er en bok av Odd S. Lovoll og masteroppgaven til Elisabeth Drøyer, begge om Chicago, og doktoravhandlingen til David C. Mauk, om Brooklyn i New York. Disse tre er blant de som har undersøkt norskamerikanernes urbane liv.11 Det er forholdsvis få som har undersøkt norskamerikanernes by og urbane liv langs Stillehavskysten, og ikke minst i Seattle. Denne oppgaven har derfor som mål å utrede den norske migrasjonen til dette området. Oppgaven handler om årsakene til veksten i antallet norske immigranter i Seattle-området og om nordmennenes liv og det norskamerikanske samfunnet i Seattle i perioden fra 1889 til 1930.

Oppgaven vil søke å besvare den ovennevnte problemstillingen gjennom, blant annet, å drøfte på hvilken måte forholdene i Seattle lå til rette for norske immigranter, og hvordan utviklingen av det norskamerikanske samfunnet henger sammen med den generelle utviklingen i byen. For å belyse hvorfor så mange nordmenn valgte nettopp Seattle som sitt bosted, vil det bli redegjort for den sosioøkonomiske utviklingen i området, hvilke typer yrker som var tilgjengelige og attraktive for de norske immigrantene og om de opplevde en sosioøkonomisk framgang i byen. Som de tre siste underproblemstillingene viser til, vil det også bli redegjort for hva de norske immigrantene og det norskamerikanske samfunnet gjorde for å oppnå utvikling og eventuell vekst i levestandard i Seattle. Betydningen av forenings- og kirkelivet for nordmenn i Seattle vil også bli omtalt.

Utviklingen av det norskamerikanske samfunnet i Seattle fra 1889 til 1930 vil, til slutt, bli kontekstualisert ved å se norskamerikanerne også som medlemmer av det amerikanske storsamfunnet, samt hvordan amerikaniseringen formet deres liv i byen. Problemstillingene vil bli belyst ut fra et makroperspektiv gjennom forskjellig litteratur som omhandler dette temaet, samt statistikk, hovedsakelig fra U.S Census Bureau, Kongeriket Norges Stortings forhandlinger 1921. Tredje Del og The State of Washington. På et mikronivå vil spørsmålene i oppgaven bli undersøkt ut fra ulike tilbakeskuende intervjuer som er samlet ved Pacific Lutheran University (PLU) og bevart brevkorrespondanse fra norskamerikanere.

For å forstå denne utviklingen, forandringen og eventuelle framgangen, samt for å få et helhetlig bilde av nordmenns liv og det norskamerikanske samfunnet i Seattle, vil oppgaven omfatte en tidsperiode på 41 år. Oppgaven starter i 1889, på grunn av at brannen i Seattle dette året la store deler av byen i ruiner. Byen måtte derfor bygges opp igjen, noe som førte til stor etterspørsel etter arbeidskraft og påfølgende immigrasjon og innflytting til byen. Blant disse migrantene var det flere nordmenn, og i begynnelsen kom de fleste fra forskjellige stater i Midtvesten.

Utover 1890-tallet og fram til 1930 immigrerte også stadig flere nordmenn direkte fra Norge til Seattle. I oktober 1929 ble imidlertid USA rammet av en økonomisk depresjon, The Great Depression, noe som førte til arbeidsledighet og økonomiske nedgangstider i lang tid. I tillegg kom den endelige kvoteringsloven i 1929, som gav Norge en årlig kvote på 2377 immigranter. Dette medførte at den oversjøiske utvandringen fra Norge til USA nærmest stoppet opp etter 1930.

Naturlig nok kan ikke denne oppgaven favne om alle sidene ved den norske immigrasjonen og deres etablering i Seattle-området. Andre institusjoner som ville vært interessante å se på, men som ikke har kommet med innenfor omfanget av denne oppgaven, er blant annet norskamerikanske skoler, de norskamerikanske avisene og 17. mai feiringen. «

Immigration to the Pacific Northwest -Alaska from Fevåg & other places Norway

The American Dream of Norway Source : Norwegian-American News magazine

Our ancestors came to America to give their families a better life. Now young Norwegian Americans dream of the old country. “I feel that I do not give my children ‘enough’ Norwegian American culture, only American. I have a little bad conscience for that. I enjoyed relating to my Norwegian culture as a child. I was fascinated about where my family came from and the story of their migration.

I would like for my children to also have this connection with their heritage.”
«I’m very American. Very. I feel American, both socially and culturally. But my family is only Norwegian history and culture. For example, we have quite a strong will. We can joke that someone is very Norwegian, meaning stubborn. And I see that there are some differences on how we have, for example, tackled adversity.

Norwegians spread westward to Oregon Washington British Columbia and Alaska, all being a successful part of the New Frontier in America :)

Western home for the Norwegians, Images of America

Many of the Norwegian immigrant fishermen who came to fish in the great Columbia River salmon fishery during the second half of the 19th century did so because they had experience in the gillnet fishery for cod in the waters surrounding the Lofoten Islands of northern Norway.

Brothers [Boat in Petersburg harbor.] Three brothers Strand ship ownership ca 1906 : »Brothers»

Salmon seining

The settlers learned the use of seine nets from Native Americans. By 1895, 84 seines were on the Columbia, and Robert Hume started hauling them with teams of horses. The seines were operated from daybreak to dusk around islands and along beaches. Boats equipped with purse seines are called purse seiners. At Puget Sound, salmon were caught by fishing boats using purse seines, which are used to encircle a school of salmon and then trap them by drawing ("pursing") the bottom of the net together, as one would with a string purse. The purse seine is a preferred technique for capturing fish species which school, or aggregate, close to the surface: sardines, mackerel, anchovies, herring, and certain species of tuna (schooling); and salmon soon before they swim up rivers and streams to spawn (aggregation).

By 1905, the boats used engines for hauling the seine lines. A minimum of three people are required for power block seining; the skipper, skiff operator, and corkline stacker. In many operations a fourth person stacks the leadline, and often a fifth person stacks the web. The power block is a mechanized pulley used on some seiners to haul in the nets. The Puretic power block line was introduced in the 1950s and was the key factor in the mechanization of purse seining. The combination of these blocks with advances in fluid hydraulics and the new large synthetic nets changed the character of purse seine fishing.

Danish seiner vessels are usually larger than purse seiners, though they are often accompanied by a smaller vessel. A Danish seine, also occasionally called an anchor seine, consists of a conical net with two long wings with a bag where the fish collect. Drag lines extend from the wings, and are long so they can surround an area. A Danish seine is similar to a small trawl net, but the wire warps are much longer and there are no otter boards. The seine boat drags the warps and the net in a circle around the fish. The motion of the warps herds the fish into the central net. In 1922, use of salmon purse seiners on and around the Columbia was made illegal.

Salmon gillnetting

Commercial gillnet fisheries are still an important method of harvesting salmon in Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. Most salmon fisheries, especially those targeting Pacific salmon in North America, are strictly managed to minimize total impacts to specific populations and salmon fishery managers continue to allow the use of gillnets in these fisheries. Many of the Norwegian immigrant fishermen who came to fish in the great Columbia River salmon fishery during the second half of the 19th century did so because they had experience in the gillnet fishery for cod in the waters surrounding the Lofoten Islands of northern Norway.

A fishing vessel rigged to fish by gillnetting is a gillnetter. Immigrant fishermen from northern Europe and the Mediterranean brought a number of different adaptations of the technology from their respective homelands with them to the rapidly expanding salmon fisheries of the Columbia River from the 1860s onward. The boats used by these fisherman were typically around 25 feet (8 m) long and powered by oars. Many of these boats also had small sails and were called "row-sail" boats. At the beginning of the 1900s, steam powered ships would haul these smaller boats to their fishing grounds and retrieve them at the end of each day. However, at that time gas powered boats were beginning to make their appearance, and by the 1930s, the row-sail boat had virtually disappeared, except in Bristol Bay, Alaska, where motors were prohibited in the gillnet fishery by territorial law until 1951.

Halibut Long-line fishing

The North Pacific commercial halibut fishery dates to the late 19th century and today is one of the region's largest and most lucrative. In Canadian and US waters, long-line fishing predominates, using chunks of octopus ("devilfish") or other bait on circle hooks attached at regular intervals to a weighted line that can extend for several miles across the bottom. The fishing vessel retrieves the line after several hours to a day. As of 2008 the Atlantic population was so depleted through overfishing that it might be declared an endangered species. According to Seafood Watch, consumers should avoid Atlantic halibut.[10] Most halibut eaten on the East Coast of the United States is from the Pacific.

The owners of «Veidar» from Fevåg in Trøndelag were the Strand brothers

The seiner boat «Veidar» also fully loaded with fish to be unloaded next at the factory :)

Fishermen Farmers Inventors etc emigrated to the USA and Canada to live the American Dream and some even returned to Norway with decent fortunes to build their great life :)

Fevåg Trøndelag Norway

For hundreds of years this wealthy tradition of processed superior quality fish products has been done as a great success story in the Norwegian Fisheries.

Lofoten SpawningCod fishing in North Norway

The red brand new 2018 long-liner boat’s name is «Veidar» , succeeding our Veidar boat, and it sails far away in Norway’s coastline. Our «Veidar» seiner boat is shown below at left!

100 years development, from boats to bigsize long-liners trollers and high-tech ocean farms on the coastline

Salmon ocean farms are now 2019 fully in operation outside the islands Hitra and Frøya west of the Trondheim fjord in the middle of Norway. A core part of our superior quality «Nama» Salmon is produced here in the Gulf Stream

100 years! Our Veidar 1 of 1960s in the middle, 1920s Veidar at bottom, 2010s Sustainable Ocean Farms for Nama Salmon

Veidar owned by Ole K Strand and brothers upon return from Petersburg AK. Veidar 1 owned by sons Odin Strand and Anton Strand.

Seiners Veidar around 1920 and Veidar 1 forty years later

About 100 years ago the pier was in extensive use for trading and transporting activities. Ships arrived on a daily basis, and the vast herring catches attracted sometimes masses of boats in the harbour.

Fevåg a green village looking out upon the start of the large Trondheim fjord in Norway (Trøndelag).

Frengen Slip AS was the growth engine through 1900s in Fevåg in addition to Farming Fishing Trading and Transport plus Salmon&Trout fish farming at Brødrene Strand AS 1970-1995 (sold to Hitra Holding). Today the ship yard is fully operational and centralized to Fosen Yard AS at Rissa near by.

Råkvåg in Herring bonanza times on the right side AND Fevåg in Shipyard building times to the left.

Gettyimages.com presents great photos when doing a search on Petersburg AK besides on Inside Passage !! You should look this up yourself and enjoy the magnificent wilderness with wild animals as well as interesting boats ships and houses :)

«Little Norway. Big Adventure»

Long-Line fishing stories in Norwegian language Copy link Paste Go!

Source Norway on Long-line fishing, fishermen stories :) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269993631_Beretninger_om_linefiske_pa_bankene_utenfor_Midt-Norge

Petersburg Pilot and also TravelAlaska and Chamber of Commerce Petersburg offers good news coverage about what’s going on in the Pacific Northwest :)

Latest News from Petersburg AK 2019

Fishing and farming plus 10 construction work hours a day for the Army

1890-1920 Fevåg Local history, Trøndelag

OH HEY, FOR BEST VIEWING, YOU'LL NEED TO TURN YOUR PHONE