🔹Article No. 1: Curriculum Planning and Systems Change.

• What roles do teachers play in curriculum planning?
➡️ Classroom teachers are supposed to follow closely the standards, frameworks, and guidelines laid out in the programmatic curriculum; they have relatively less latitude in deciding what to teach and how to teach it (Cohen and Spillane, 1992). Teachers are the ones ultimately responsible for carrying out the programmatic curriculum in their classrooms.Programmatic curriculum planning affects classroom curriculum planning only if teachers understand and employ the adopted framework and materials. Teachers are not conduits for the use of a curriculum framework and related materials; as mentioned earlier, they interpret and transform the framework and materials in the light of their experience, beliefs, and practice. This could further compound the impact of programmatic curriculum planning on the classroom curriculum. Teachers’entrenched beliefs, experience, and practice could override the educational ideals and innovations embedded in the programmatic curriculum. Curriculum Planning for Systems Change.

• What are the roles of administrators in curriculum planning?
➡️ Administrators and School leaders could make decisions concerning the adoption of a particular curriculum framework and related materials as the programmatic curriculum for the school, classroom teachers are the ones ultimately responsible for carrying out the programmatic curriculum in their classrooms.Programmatic curriculum planning affects classroom curriculum planning only if teachers understand and employ the adopted framework and materials. Teachers are not conduits for the use of a curriculum framework and related materials; as mentioned earlier, they interpret and transform the framework and materials in the light of their experience, beliefs, and practice. This could further compound the impact of programmatic curriculum planning on the classroom curriculum. Teachers’entrenched beliefs, experience, and practice could override the educational ideals and innovations embedded in the programmatic curriculum.

• What are the purposes of schooling?
➡️ School systems always use the institutional curriculum as convenient instrument to communicate responsiveness to the outside communities (Doyle, 1992a: 487).

• How well does the curriculum prepare students to meet the current and future challenges of the social and political order?
➡️ The curriculum helps the students to be well prepared and be ready enough and also they trained and challenged the students in order to face their future and for them to adapt in a different obstacles they will face.

Lesson 1.3 Activity/ Learning Task
Direction: Answer the following questions on your e-portfolio.

1. Name other subjects or disciplines as examples of subject design.
➡️ Mathematics, Science, History, Literature

2. Name other subjects or disciplines as examples of the different types of integrated curriculum design.
➡️ Mathematics, Arts, Physical Education

3. Give some advantages and possible pitfalls of subject design and integrated design.
➡️ The advantage of Integrated Curriculums is that it includes not only looking at topics in depth, but also offering a practical learning environment for students by using realia objects or real-life examples.

4. Name some schools nearby you that use a learner-centered curriculum.
➡️ Maribi Elementary School, Malaguicay Elementary School

5.How do students learn in a learner-centered curriculum?
➡️ Learner-centered education uses interactive strategies to engage the students and develop their abilities. This educational approach helps students develop skills such as decision making and problem solving, team work, and presentation skills that are relevant to the current labor needs. While the advantage of Subject-centered curriculum design makes curriculum preparation faster and more straightforward. Consider the time spent preparing, designing, and introducing the program. Think what happens at the first staff meeting, when each teacher is given his or her teaching load for the year and how this is to be mapped on the everyday school timetable. It is simple and easy to do in a short period of time.

6. What are some benefits of having a learner-centered curriculum?
➡️ The benefits of having learner-centered curriculum is that it Improves participation, Improves retention of knowledge, Boosts performance at work, Develops problem-solving skills, Fosters collaborative learning, Makes learning more fun, and it facilitates personalized learning.

7. Having a learner-centered curriculum in mind, answer the following questions below:

• What possible skills, knowledge, and values are emphasized in the curriculum?
➡️ One possible skill, knowledge and values emphasized in the curriculum is that habit a complex cognitive skills such as reflection and critical thinking. an ability to apply knowledge to practical problems encountered in one's vocation, family, or other areas of life. an understanding and appreciation of human differences. practical competence skills like for example the decision making.

• What possible learning experiences can be provided?
➡️ Some possible learning experience that can be provided in a curriculum is that the Inquiry based learning and the experiential learning.

• What about the learning environment?
➡️ A good learning environment increases students attention and focus, promotes meaningful learning experiences, encourages higher levels of student performance, and motivates students to practice higher-level critical thinking skills.

• What are the requirements of the curriculum for the teachers?
➡️ A learner-centered teacher must act as facilitators and guides, Embody core values that support deeper learning, truly encourage students drive their own learning, and Create real-world and authentic learning experiences.

8. Name a school nearby that uses problem-centered design.
➡️ Tanauan school of craftmanship and Home Industries

9. Name some benefits and issues related to its implementation.
➡️ It improves retention of knowledge and boosts their performance.

10. Identify some current issues and problems that can be used as a theme for a problem-based curriculum.
➡️ STUDENTS ARE NOT USED TO ACTIVE LEARNING.

🔹 Link:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Tk4bJZcNRbjVodM3kyXQvhMbkTqBrr5m/view?usp=drivesdk

🌟Learning Task 2.1 🌟

Direction:Answer the following questions on your E-portfolio. Each item is worth 10 points
each.
1. Choose a linear curriculum development model and identify the possible strengths
and weaknesses of each model when applied to the Philippine context.

🔹Hilda Taba’s Grassroots Rational Model

•Strength
-Teacher is involved in the development of the curriculum.

•Weakness
-Teachers not understanding the connection between the content, activities, teaching methods and evaluation.
-Keeping the resources up to date.
-Maintaining training for new teachers on the method as well as support
needed for teachers as they must review the plan often.

Source:https://www.slideshare.net/YeeBeeChoo/topic-2a-models-of-curriculumdesign

2.Choose a cyclical curriculum development model and identify the possible strengths
and weaknesses of each model when applied to the Philippine context.

🔹Wheeler's Curriculum Development Model

•Strength
-It has a feedback mechanism, so it provides students with ways to measure their progress or accuracy.
-It also sets the school objective as a final step in as well as the first. It clearly calls for the setting up of objectives.

•Weakness
-The objective includes behavioral characteristics. Behavioral objectives have some limitations on execution.

Source:https://www.slideshare.net/YeeBeeChoo/topic-2a-models-of-curriculumdesign

3. Which among these dynamic curriculum development models can be applied in the
Philippine context?
➡Among the dynamic curriculum development models Tyler's Rational Linear Model can be applied in the Philippine context because it start with a clear objectives that a teacher must plan the task and work in order to achieve the specific outcomes. And It provides an easy to follow step-by-step guide to curriculum planning and development.

Learning Task 2.2 Curriculum Implementation

Direction: Answer the following questions on your E-portfolio. Each item is worth 10 points each.

Interview a DepEd teacher and about their process of school level curriculum implementation practices. Use the roles and functions identified on this lesson. Determine teacher roles as a curriculum worker on your e-portfolio.

▪️ DepEd Teacher Name : Mrs. Romela Gin Rosario - Taña
▪️ Grade level teaching : Grade 3 Teacher
▪️ School : San Victor Elementary School

🔹 Questions:
1. What is your role as a curriculum worker in the implementation of curriculum?
2. How do you sets the mission, vision, goals and objectives in school?
3. As an educator how do you consider in making a conducive environment for teaching and learning process?
4. What programs and services did you develop that provide equal opportunities for all the learners?
5. What type of instructional mode did you made/use to achieve higher learning outcomes?
6. As an educator , are you active in joining different teachers organization?

🔹 Answers:
1. My role as a curriculum worker is to be an instrument in the delivery of the subject matter. Doing my best to deliver it to my pupils for them to learn.

2. I set the mission, vision, goals, and objectives in school by, first, gathering the stakeholders, letting the parents, pupils, teachers, naf other school community members share their insights . After that gather school's data to identify issues, strength, and opportunities for school's development.

3. A conducive learning invironment is very important during the teaching-and-learning process. It is where pupils can get meaningful knowledge and fruitfull learning..

4. The program that I develop that provides equal oportunuties for my learners is the reading program. All learners with different reading level are given reading passages that may enjoy, where they can comprehend and explore..

5. The instructional mode that I used to achieve higher learning outcome is the teacher-directed small group, since I have a big number of class size. I have plenty of pupils with different learning styles & different levels of comprehension to deal with. That's why I group them into small group based on theit level so that I can focus and give appropriate intervention that they need.

6. Yes, as a teacher we should be versatile and always open our doors for learning and sharing it to everyone..

◾Teachers Role as a curriculum worker:
▪️Teachers know their students better than others involved in the curriculum process. While the state often dictates the skills covered by the curriculum, a teacher can provide insight into the types of materials, activities and specific skills that need to be included. Teachers from multiple grade levels may collaborate to identify skills students need at each level and ensure that the curriculum adequately. prepares students to advance to the next grade-level.
▪️A teacher can gauge whether an activity will fit into a specified time frame and engage students. All teachers should be allowed to provide input during the creation stage. As teachers provide input they will gain ownership in the product and feel more confident that the curriculum was created with their concerns , and the needs of their students in mind.

Sources: https://www.slideshare.net/sqjafery/role-of-teacher-in-curriculum-implementation

Read the article and answer the following questions on your E-portfolio.

1. In what way is Indonesia's educational system and the Philippines' similar?
➡️ The similarities of Indonesia and Philippines educational system is that all subjects under general topics of education, in natural sciences, social sciences, Language literature, Arts and humanities are taught in grade 1 to grade 12 except for the Chemistry for it is taught in grades one to nine.

2. Summarize the methodology used in evaluating a curriculum.
➡️ Research on instrument development to evaluate local curriculum developed by the local government using research and development. The purpose of this research is to produce an instrument of a questionnaire to evaluate local curriculum implementation developed by the local government. The research and development model used is the Borg & Gal (1983) model consisting of 10 simplified steps into four steps: (1) initial investigation, (2) design stage, (3)expert validation and; (4) trials, evaluations, and revisions. Initial investigations used qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected using focus group discussion (FGD) techniques with 14 Participants consisting of 6 vice principals and 8 local curriculum teachers. The purpose
of the FGD is to obtain constructs that can be used to evaluate the local curriculum.

3. What tools where used to derive results?
➡️ The instrument used in this study is a questionnaire. The questionnaires that have been developed are then validated by experts.

4. What did the evaluators found out from the results of the study?
➡️ The results were analyzed
using Aiken's validity. The trial phase is done 2 times in small scale and large-scale trials. The small-scale trial was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's Alpha reliability. The large-scale trial was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis and construct reliability. From the results of validity and reliability obtained 50 items of the instrument is valid and feasible to be used to evaluate local curriculum developed by local government. The instrument is effective in evaluating the local curriculum.

5. What conclusion can you draw from the study?
➡️ The instrument is comprehensive, easy to use, accurate in obtaining information about the weaknesses and strengths of the local curriculum and is very beneficial to governments
and schools.

Click https://drive.google.com/file/d/12Beb4w6_pANZINiMKZokbT4utGhmXo1L/view?usp=sharing link to open resource.